Postmenopausal osteoporosis can be classified as an inflammatory, or even an autoimmune condition, hence new therapeutic " immune" targets. Some recently published works in this area are summarized, which may help to find a noval strategy for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The fields of immunology and bone metabolism have matured such that key cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the homeostasis of the individual systems are largely understood. This review summarizes some newly published works in this area and tries to find a noval strategy for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to both bone and immune systems.

Objective To observe the morphological changes in alcohol-induced pregnanted golden hamster neural tube defects and eye abnormalities, and to study quantitatively the alterations of apoptosis during teratogenesis. Methods The pregnanted golden hamsters were killed 4,8,16,24, 48 and 72 hours after teratogenic dose alcohol exposure respectively, and both embryos and fetuses were obtained. The LM, SEM and stereomicroscope were used to observe the histological alterations during the teratogenesis of the neural tube and the eye. With the TUNEL and TEM methods, the apoptosis were studied qualitatively. Results 1^The closure of the golden hamster neural tube and the formation of the optic cup were significantly retardation in the experimental groups. 2^After 8h of maternal alcohol exposure, the apoptosis of neural epithelial cells increased apparently, especially in the prosencephalon and neural crest.At either 16h or 24h after treatment, the index of apoptosis was also higher than that in the control groups, and the apoptosis chiefly located in the neural crest and optic grooves.After 48h, this index gradually declined to the level of control groups.Conclusion Alcohol can delay the closure of the golden hamster neural tube and the formation of the optic cup. Meanwhile it can cause excessive apoptosis on these structures.These alterations are probably partially involved in the mechanism of alcohol-induced neural tube defects and eye abnormalities.

Objective To observed the effect of Shendi Jiangtang Granule (Granule for reducing glucos), on insulin sensitivity in insulin resistance accompanied hypertension model rats and its mechanism.Methods Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into blank group, model group and Chinese medicine group. The blank group were fed with normal rat chow, and the others were fed with fructose-rich chow (FFR). The Chinese medicine group was given Shendi Jiangtang Granule (3.24 g/kg/day). Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly for 6 weeks. Then the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique was performed to estimate insulin sensitivity (M value). At the end of the glucose clamp, the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were dissected out for determination of the role of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) by an ELISA assay.Results Treatment with Shendi Jiangtang Granule significantly improved the M value in FFR rats (P

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat,low-carbohydrate diet that imitates ketone bodies from hunger produce,is a kind of treatment for children with refractory epilepsy.Autism is a subtype of pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction,language barriers and stereotyped behavior.Some children may be associated with epilepsy.Early rehabilitation education and training are the main method of treatment.This review summarized ketogenic diet clinical applications for the treatment of children with autism and potential mechanisms.

AIM: To identify the changes in microRNA ( miRNA ) profile of human lens epithelium ( HLE) induced by H2 O2 and the role of miRNA in oxidative stress induced apoptosis.
METHODS: HLE cell line HLE - B3 was treated by 100μmol/L H2 O2 for 24h and the total RNA were isolated by Trizol reagent. miRNA profile was generated by miRCURYTM LNA microRNA Array. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics software.
RESULTS:Twenty-eight miRNAs showed significantly differential expression after H2 O2 treatment, 18 miRNAs upregulated and 10 miRNAs downregulated. The differentially expressed miRNAs may involve in apoptosis of lens epithetium and development of cataract through targeting BCL2L2 and MIP.
CONCLUSION: H2 O2 can induce dramatically changes in miRNA profile of HLE, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of cataract.

4-Hydroxycoumarins ; poisoning ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rodenticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

This in a survey of collocation and administration of medical supplies during Wenchuan earthquake. (1) Material utilized for trauma wound: in the early phase after Wenchuan earthquake, lots of trauma patients needed materials for hemostasis and debridement such as gauze,bandage and wooden plate. (2) Material for isolation and protective care: the wound began to be infected with the prolonged heeling, so isolation was needed and plenty of material was reqired for prevention of cross infection at this time, such as disposable isolation gowns. (3)First-aid boxes for transfer; material used for receiving patients from disaster areas at airport; material used for transfering patients from medical care units of disaster areas, and material needed for transfering patients to other provinces by train or by air. Three was a set of 3 first-aid boxes, one for medicine such as adrenalin, atropine, doamine or aramine,other two boxes for suction machine for removal of secretion, ECG monitor and intubation apparatus. According to the experience from the Wenchuan earthquake,we put forth a suggestion that emergency equipments should be divided into A,B,and C categories for reserve in peacetime. Type A is essential equipment including a variety of small appliances and apparatus. Type B is the medicinal substances including first-aid medicine,disinfection agents and so on, which should be replaced regularly in terms expiration date. Type C is consumable stuff. The different combinations between type A and type B or type C can be used in different circumstance for different purpose.

Objective To understand the air microorganisms pollution and the community structure and distribution characteristics of outdoor airborne microbes in Hefei. Methods Airborne microbes were sampled by fallen plate method at 10 collection sites in the Hefei city. Results The results showed that the average concentration of the bacteria,fungi and total microbes in the outdoor environment were 5.04?104,3.75?103 and 5.41?104 cfu/m3 respectively and the fungi accounted for 6.92%of the total. The preliminary identification showed that the dominant bacteria mainly were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus and the average percentage were 37.3%, 21.0%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively. Of the five fungi the dominant ones were Aspergillum, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopu. The average percentage were 42.0%,36.0%,4.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusion The outdoor air of Hefei has been polluted by airborne microbes. The distribution of the airborne microbes has the characteristics of time and space.It is affected not only by the environment and pollution,but also by such factors as human activities,animals and plants.