Rituximab ( RTX) is a monoclonal antibody to the CD 20 antigen on B-cells that was initially designed and approved for the treatment of non-Hodgkin′s B-cell lymphoma and has emerged as a potent immunosuppressant for many immune -mediated disea-ses.Given its efficacy , tolerability and safety profile in comparison to more conventional treatment regimens , RTX is rapidly emerging as a critical therapeutic modality for glomerular disease .The paper reviews the role of RTX in the treatment of ANCA-associated vascul-itis, lupus nephritis , mixed cryoglobulinemia , membranous nephropathy , minimal change disease , and focal segmental glomeruloscle-rosis.

Objective To establish a new approach for quantitative detection of VAD1 mRNA in cryptococcus neoformans by RT-FQ-PCR, and evaluate the treatment efficacy of CNM. MethodsThe primers and TaqMan probe were designed according to the published sequence of VAD1 mRNA (GenBank),and RT-FQ-PCR method to detect VAD1 mRNA was established. Cerebrospinal fluid from 25 CNM patients and 30 controls were detected and sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated. VAD1 mRNA concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from both acute phase and recovery phase of 25 CNM patients were also detected and significance of CNM treatment efficacy with VAD1 mRNA analysis was evaluated. Results Correlation coefficient of standard curve was - 0. 997 9 in detection of VAD1 mRNA by RT-FQ-PCR, and the detection limit was 101 copies/μl. The intra CV of plasmid standard for high, medium and low concentrations were 0. 65% ,0. 89% and 1.23% respectively, the sensitivity of cryptococcus neoformans detection by RT-FQPCR was 96% (24/25) ,while specificity was 100% (30/30). VAD1 mRNA concentration in acute phase were significant higher than that in recovery phase (3. 042 ±0. 906 vs 2. 187 ±0. 665 ,t =4. 583 ,P ＜0. 01).Conclusions The established RT-FQ-PCR method for the detection of VAD1 mRNA is provided with sound sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, which might be fit for the detection of VAD1 mRNA. The expression level of VAD1 mRNA is relevant with the treatment efficacy of CNM.

Objective To explore the effect of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)assessment scale on prevention of deep vein thrombosis in malignant tumor patients?Methods Eight hundred malignant tumor patients were divided into intervention group and control group according to admission time,400 cases in each group?The control group received traditional nursing.Methods of treatment and nursing,while the intervention group received pertinent nursing care based on the risk factors for DVT induced for the investigation among the patients using deep vein thrombus assessment scale.Result The incidence of DVT in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0?05).Conclusions The deep vein thrombosis assessment scale may effectively predict the population at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?The implementation of effective nursing intervention may reduce the incidence of DVT?

JMJD5 belongs to the protein family of JMJD and is closely related to tumorigenesis. JMJD5 plays a carcinogenic role in some tumors, such as oral cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and atypical meningiomas, JMJD5 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, JMJD5 not only plays a carcinogenic role in some tumors, but also plays an anticancer role. For example, in bladder cancer, JMJD5 inhibits the metastasis of bladder cancer; in liver cancer, on the one hand JMJD5 promotes the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and on the other hand it inhibits the growth of cancer cells; in lung cancer, on the one hand JNJD5 promotes the proliferation of cancer cells, and on the other hand it inhibits the metastasis of cancer cells by promoting the stabilization of microtubules. This article will focus on the mechanisms of JMJD5 in tumors, in order to provide a new target for tumor prevention and treatment.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Bushen Huoxie Paidu decoction in delaying the renal fibrosis progression and retarding the course of chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods Seventy-six patients with CRF were randomly divided into the test group (38 cases) and the control group (38 cases). Both groups were treated with relatively unified fundamental treatment, experienced prescription of Bushen Huoxie Paidu decoction was given additionally to the test group. Treatment course of each group was 3 months. The curative effect was observed and the plasma levels of laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), procollagen type Ⅲ (PC-Ⅲ) and collagen type Ⅳ (Ⅳ-C) in both groups were determined. Results The statistic analysis showed that the total effect of two groups (81.58% and 55.26%) had a significant difference (P

Objective To investigate the effect of smoking on large arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertensive.Methods The aortic,carotid and brachial arterial dimension,intimal-medial thickness were determined by vascular ultrasound technique.Wall cross sectional area and indices of compliance and distensibility were calculated in essential hypertensive patients with smoking(n=75) or without smoking(n=70).Results Hypertensive patients with smoking have increased wall intimal-medial thickness and wall cross sectional area in aortic,carotid and brachial arteries associated with decreased compliance and distensibility.After adjusting for the confounding effects of other variables including Age,BMI,HR,BP,PP,FPG,LDL-C and TG,covariance analysis show smoking remained as predisposed factors for vascular remodeling.Conclusion Smoking aggravates large arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the infection status of hepatitis virus among the perinatal women in Nanjing.Methods 523 samples of perinatal women's serum were selected.The hepatitis virus markers were detected by the ELISA kit,the quantitive detection of HBV surface-antibody was detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The positive rate of anti-HAV IgM was 0.19％,47 cases were HBV surface antigen-positive,accounted for 8.99％,183 cases were HBV surface antibody-positive,accounted for 35.00％,224 cases were all negative HBV markers,accounted for 42.83％.The quantitive detection of HBV surface-antibody in high concentration was significant higher than middle concentration and low concentration (all P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of anti-HCV IgG was 1.34％,anti-HDV IgG was all negative.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgM was 0.57％.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 24.28％.With the advance of age,the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG had an increasing trend,with significant difference among groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are important significances in the detection of hepatitis virus markers in pregnancy monitoring,it can improve the quality of the population.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in patients from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in last 7 years,and to explore the changes in disease spectrum.Methods Records of 772 patients with thyroid carcinoma,who underwent thyroidectomy and pathological examination,were reviewed from January 2005 to December 2011.Results (1) Individuals suffering from thyroid carcinoma have increased rapidly during these 7 years.(2) The high incidence of the disease resided in the age group of 30-59 for both men and women,with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶ 2.73.(3) The proportion of papillary microcarcinoma showed a growing trend,the rising trends were also apparent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) coexisting with nodular goiter or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Papillary microcarcinoma accounted for27.27％ of all PTC in 2005 and reached 54.22％ in 2011.Coexistence of PTC and HT accounted for 12.38％ of the cases with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶ 6.Conclusion The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma,especially papillary microcarcinoma has been increasing in recent years.The coexistence of PTC with nodular goiter or HT showed a trend to increase.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and expression of caspase-3 in rats.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20): control (C) group in which sham operation was performed; ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)group, in which saline (2.0 mg?kg-1)was administered for intraperitoneal injection 30 min before anesthesia,then the ischemia model was made by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery for 120 min; penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment (P) group, in which penehyclidine hydrochloride(2.0 mg?kg-1)was administered for intraperitoneal injection 30 min before anesthesia,then the same 120 min focal cerebral ischemia was performed as described in I-R group.At the end of 24 h reperfusion the animals were decapitated and the brains were removed.The volume of cerebral infarction was detected with TTC staining;Coronal sections including hippocampal tissue were obtained for HE staining.The levels of caspase-3 mRNA expression in hippocampus were detected by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique.Results Compared with group I-R,the volume of cerebral infarction in group P were reduced significantly(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy of bifidobacteria triple viable bacteria combined with infliximab in the treatment of moderate and severe ulcerative colitis(UC),and its effects on immune function. METHODS:Seventy-two UC pa-tients were selected from gastroenterology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during Jun. 2009 to Jan. 2015. They was divided into single group and combination group according to therapy plan,with 36 cases in each group. Single group was given infliximab 5 mg/kg,ivgtt,on 0,2nd,6th,8th week. Combination group was additionally given bi-fidobacteria triple viable bacteria 420 mg,tid. Both groups were treated for consercutive 2 months. Clinical efficacies were com-pared between 2 groups as well as the levels of humoral immunity and T cell function. The occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:Clinical response rate of combination group was 86.11%,which was significantly higher than 52.78% of single group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in humoral immunity and T cell function between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly increased in both 2 groups,while the levels of CD8+,Th1 and Th2 were significantly decreased;the combination group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in CD3+ between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). After treatment,the levels of IgA and IgG were increased significantly in 2 groups,and the level of C3 was decreased significantly;the combination group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05);there was no statistical significance in IgM content and C4 level between 2 groups before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bifidobacteria triple viable bacteria combined with infliximab shows significant therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of moderate and severe UC, and can significantly improve humoral immunity function and the recovery of T cell level,with good safety.