Objective] The mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides treatment of asthma was discussed. [Methods]Through the domestic and foreign about traditional Chinese medicine monomer astragalus polysaccharide on IL-4, IL-10 and other cytokines and inflammatory infiltrates aspects such as the Th1/Th2 balance, smooth muscle actin and airway mucus in the airway remodeling and asthma related gene research literature summary. [Results] Improve airway inflammation astragalus polysaccharides from activation and inhibition EOS EOS infiltration reduction, regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance, so Th0 cells to Th1 cell differentiation, and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and other aspects, APS can reduce airway hyper-responsiveness mitigate aspects peribronchial infiltration of eosinophils and airway smooth muscle cells induced byα-SMA expression and other high alleviate airway remodeling. [Conclusion] The influence of astragalus polysaccharide on asthma gene research will lay the basis for study of the mechanism of treatment of asthma, monomer research provides new ideas for traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) syndrome on the blood lipid level of neonate. Methods Eighty neonates, whose mother had PIH, were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the 6th version of diagnostic standard from published Obstetrics and Gynecology:gestational hypertension group (PIH group 1 ,n = 30) ,mild pre-eclampsia group (PIH group 2,n =30),serious pre-eclampsia group (PIH group 3,n =20) ,and 40 infants with healthy mother were enrolled as normal control group. The blood lipid was measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results (1) The TG levels of the cord blood were (0.28±0. 10)mmol/L in PIH group 1,(0.33 ±0.09)mmol/L in PIH group 2,(0.39 ±0.06) mmol/L in PIH group 3,and (0. 23 ±0. 07)mmol/L in normal control respectively. TG levels were significantly higher in PIH groups compared to normal control,and the TG concentration increased gradually with the mothers' gestational hypertension (F = 2. 765, Ps <0. 05). (2)The HDL-C levels of the cord blood were (0. 61 ±0. 23) mmol/L in PIH group 1, (0. 54 ± 0. 25) mmol/L in PIH group 2, (0.47 ± 0. 15) mmol/L in PIH group 3, (0. 65 ±0. 14) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively;and the ApoA levels of the cord blood were (0. 63 ±0.24)g/L in PIH group 1 ,(0. 59 ±0. 16)g/L in PIH group 2, (0.53 ±0.21)g/L in PIH group 3,(0.69 ±0. 12)g/L in the normal contral respectively. Both index were significantly higher in PIH groups compared to normal control, and the concentrations decreased gradually with the mothers' gestational hypertension (F=2.783,P<0.05;F=2.831,P<0.05). (3)The TC levels of the cord blood were (1.41 ± 0. 37) mmol/L in PIH group 1, (1. 51 ±0.45) mmol/L in PIH group 2, (1. 56 ±0. 56) mmol/L in PIH group3, (1. 36 ±0.41) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively;and the LDL-C levels of the cord blood were (0. 79 ±0. 26)mmol/L in PIH group 1,(0. 80 ±0. 18)mmol/L in PIH group 2,(0. 82 ±0. 30)mmol/L in PIH group 3,(0.74 ±0. 18) mmol/L in the normal contral respectively. The data showed that the cord blood TC and LDL-C levels of PIH were higher than normal control and increased gradually with the mothers'gestational hypertension, but they didn' treach the significant level (F = 0. 695,P>0. 05;F = 0. 483,P>0. 05). (4)The LPA levels of the cord blood were (24. 50 ± 12. 01) g/L in PIH group 2, (22. 68 ± 9. 50) g/L PIH group 3,which were lower than normal control (25.70 ±11.90) g/L, and the LPA levels of the cord blood were higher in PIH group 1(33.46 ± 20. 10)g/L,while the differences didn't reach significant level compared among four groups (F = 1.480,P> 0.05). Conclusion The unhealthy intrauterus condition of PIH lead abmoral fat metabolism in fetus, and itmight get worse along with the severity of the mother's gestational hypertension. We presumed that the neonates of PIH mothers would be more prone to have coronary heart disease,atherosclerosis and abnormal fat metabolism related disease compared with newboms from normal control group.

Objective To explore the effects of aberrant expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in cervical cancerization tissue and cervical cancer cells.Methods Cervical tissues were collected from 80 cases with a diagnosis of invasive cervix squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),53 cases with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ),52 cases with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN Ⅰ)and 53 cases with normal cervix (NC).Meanwhile,Caski (HPV16-positive) and C33A (HPV-negative) cells selected from cervical cancer cell lines were cultured routinely in vitro.The expression of DNMT1 protein and mRNA were examined by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the tissues and cells,respectively.Results The levels of DNMT1 protein were 1.33,1.84 and 2.28,and the Ct-ratios (DNMT1/β-actin) of DNMT1 mRNA were 1.27,1.27 and 1.26 in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲand SCC group,respectively.Comparing with NC group,the expression of DNMT1 protein or mRNA was elevated in deficient cervical groups,with statistical significance (F =110.57,P ＜ 0.001,F =2.68,P =0.048).The expression levels of DNMT1 protein were increased steadily according to severity of the cervix lesions (x2tend =50.80,P ＜ 0.001),however,the expression of DNMT1 mRNA was not observed the same tendency (x2tend =3.63,P ＞ 0.05).The results from experiment in vitro showed that the levels of DNMT1 protein or mRNA were both higher in Caski cell than in C33A cell,especially for DNMT1 mRNA with significantly difference (t =7.134,P =0.002).Conclusion Aberrant expression of DNMT1 protein or mRNA could link with the risk of cervical cancerization by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.There would be a synergistic effect between overexpression of DNMT1 and HPV16 infection in the progression of cervix carcinogenesis.

Background Researches demonstrated that CpG ODN,a immunostimulatory sequences,has preventing and treating effect on allergic conjunctivitis caused by protein allergen.However,its effect on allergic conjunctivitis caused by fungal allergen is unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate into whether the Th1-Th2 switching immunostimulatory CpG ODN could reverse the response in the murine allergic conjunctivitis model caused by aspergillus fumigatus. Methods A mixture of spores and hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus strain was used to induce allergic conjunctivitis in male BALB/C mice aged 6-8 weeks.This experiment was designed into preventive or therapeutical treatment program.Under both settings,allergic conjunctivitis of the animals were treated with CpG ODN,nonstimulatory GpC ODN or PBS.After the last challenge with the allergen,the clinical symptoms of the animals were scored based on the criteria of Magone.The animals were sacrificed and the histopathological examination of conjunctiva was performed.Expression of TLR4 mRNA in conjunctiva was analyzed by real-time PCR assay.The responsiveness and populations of lymphocytes in spleen and draining lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry.The use complied with the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results In the prevention mode.CpG ODN decreased subconjunctival infiltration compared with GpC ODN and PBS groups with the average neutrophil count index(21.25 ±11.59/section,30.75 ±11.44 section and 69.00±9.90/section,respectively).Expression of TLR4 mRNA was up-regulated significantly by CpG ODN.The clinical scores for CpG ODN group were insignificantly lower than those in GpC ODN group and PBS group(P＞0.05).In the therapeutic mode,compared with GpC ODN and PBS groups,the allergic symptom score in CpG ODN group manifested significantly lower(t=4.000.t=2.750,P＜0.01)and showed fewer cellular infiltration(t=4.870,t=3.829,P＜0.01)and higher expression of TLR4 mRNA(P＜0.01).In cultured splenic and draining lymph node cells,increased percentages of CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25+ CD69+ in CpG ODN group were observed compared with control groups(|P＜0.05). Conclusion CpG ODN can relieve aspergillus fumigatus-induced allergic conjunctivitis via either subconjunctival injection or topical application by upregulating expression of TLR4 and activating Treg lymphocytes.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To understand the prevalence and cause of eye diseases in the middle and old aged population in community was of important significance for the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases.The present study attempts to survey the prevalence of common eye diseases and conditions of blindness and low vision in 50 years and older population in community of Beijing.MethodsThis was an ophthalmologic epidemiology survey.The 2 833 target population was included and registered in Western Chang'an street community in door-to-door and questionnaire manner between October,2006-October,2007.Multiple factors,such as demography,general conditions,lifestyles,education degree,economical status,medical status and the awareness of relevant ophthalmic knowledge of participants were recorded and evaluated.Relevant eye examinations including uncorrected visual acuity,pinhole visual acuity,non-contact intraocular pressure test,slit-lamp,funduscopy and optometry examinations were performed in Beijing No.2 Hospital by trained ophthalmologists.Blindness and low vision were evaluated based on WHO criteria.The causes of leading-blindness and low vision were analyzed.Oral informed consent was obtained from all of the subjects.Results2 410 individuals of 2 833≥50-year-old participants received complete surveys according to the designed process in this study with an examined rate of 85.07%.The incidence of blindness and low vision in examinees was 0.79% and 5.64% respectively.The positive factors related to blindness and low vision appeared to be age,education and an awareness of relevant ophthalmic knowledge (χ~2=26.62,18.28,21.32,P＜0.001).The primary causes of blindness in examined population,in order,were cataract,glaucoma and retinopathy,and those of low vision were cataracts,refractive error and diabetic retinopathy.ConclusionIt is emphasized that early prevention and treatment for cataract,glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy and refractive errors can reduce the prevalence of blindness and low vision in people over 50 years in the Western Chang'an street community of Beijing.

Objective To study the effect of glucose regulated protein 75(Grp75) on the alteration of Bax and NF-κB induced by glucose deprivation through the stably transfected PC12 cells with Grp75. Methods The cells of Grp75-overexpressing group and control group incubated in glucose-free DMEM medium for indicated time (6, 12, 24 and 48hours). The expression level of Grp75, Bax and the activity of NF-κB were determined by Western blotting, and the expression level of Bax was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry was performed using a conformation specific anti-Bax (6A7) antibody to detect the activation of Bax. Results The activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity played important roles in the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glucose deprivation. Grp75 inhibited the apoptosis induced by glucose deprivation through inhibition of the activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity. There was no change in Bax expression level under glucose deprivation in two groups. Conclusion The activation of Bax and the decline of NF-κB activity were associated with apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glucose deprivation, and Grp75 provided protection to PC12 cells through inhibition of activation of Bax and maintaining activation of NF-κB.

Objective: To explore the relationship between blood levels of cyclophilin A (CyPA) and chronic heart failure (CHF).
Methods: A total of 166 CHF patients were enrolled as CHF group, according to NYHA classiifcation, it was further divided into 4 sub-groups: Class I,n=37, Class II,n=39, Class III,n=46 and Class IV,n=44. In addition, there was a Normal control group,n=52. Blood levels of CyPA, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were examined and compared among different groups.
Results: Compared with Normal control group, CHF group had elevated CyPA (5.11 ± 2.43) ng/ml vs (2.28 ± 0.61) ng/ml, BNP (385.65 ± 184.06) pg/ml vs (90.37 ± 18.44) pg/ml and hs-CRP (11.74 ± 5.44) mg/L vs (5.99 ± 1.14) mg/L, all P<0.05. As increased severity of NYHA classiifcation, blood levels of CyPA, BNP and hs-CRP between 2 subgroups had the increasing trend accordingly, allP<0.05; while there was an exception: blood levels of CyPA and hs-CRP were similar between Class I subgroup and Normal control group, allP>0.05. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that blood levels of CyPA were positively related to BNP and hs-CRP in CHF patients (r=0.838,P<0.01 and r=0.755,P<0.01).
Conclusion: Blood levels of CyPA were elevated in CHF patients and it’s obviously related to NYHA classiifcation, which might have certain effects on CHF diagnosis and evaluation.

Objective To analyze the clinical value of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy ( UNB) in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis for breast cancer.Methods A total of 454 cases of breast cancer treated between June 2008 and August 2014 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.UNB was performed on patients with abnormal ultrasonic diagnosis of axillary lymph nodes.Among them, 354 cases underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy while 100 cases underwent surgery after UNB.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false negative rate of ultrasound and UNB were evaluated.Results Among the 454 patients with abnormal axillary lymph nodes of ultrasound imaging, the metastasis rate with UNB was 70.9%,while the negative rate was 29.1%.Among the 100 cases who underwent surgery after UNB, the metastasis rate was 25% while the ultrasound imaging lymph node longitudinal and transversal ( L/T)≤1.5,the lymph node size>1 cm,and the metastasis rate was 92.3%(12/13).UNB showed that sensitivity was 64.1%, specificity 100%, accuracy 86%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 81.3%,and false negative rate was 18.7%.The results of UNB seemed consistent with those of postoperative pathological diagnosis, the Kappa value being 0.685.Based on 2 and 3 needles, the above mentioned 6 indices were 50% and 77.8%, 100% and 100%, 77.8% and 92.5%, 100% and 100%, 71.4% and 89.7%,and 28.6%and 10.3%, respectively.The Kappa value of UNB based on 3 needles was higher than on 2 needles (0.822 vs 0.526 ) .Conclusion Ultrasound is a valuable tool for detecting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.UNB can accurately determine the axillary lymph node metastasis status.UNB based on 3 needles shows a higher accuracy than on 2 needles.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and explore the mechanism of Huannao Yicong capsule in treating senile patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: The investigational drugs were packed by blind method. A randomized, double-blind and controlled trial was conducted on ninety senile patients with MCI. Other forty-five senile healthy persons were recruited to the healthy control group. The ninety senile patients were randomly divided into the Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group (45 patients administered with three Huannao Yicong capsules and two aniracetam capsule analogues) and aniracetam-treated group (45 patients treated with two aniracetam capsules and three Huannao Yicong capsule analogues). Patients in the two groups were treated three times daily for 16 weeks. Memory, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, cerebral blood flow, free radicals and inflammatory mediators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined before and after the treatment. Blood lipids, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), were detected before and after the treatment. The safety indexes, such as routine tests of blood and urine, hepatic and renal function tests and electrocardiogram (ECG) were taken before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Index score of clinical memory scale in senile healthy people was significantly higher than that in MCI patients before treatment (P<0.01), and the content of AchE, IL-1alpha and IL-6 was obviously lower (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD was higher (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in direction memory of clinical memory scale between the two treatment groups. Other index scores of clinical memory scale and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in patients of Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group were significantly improved as compared with those of the aniracetam-treated group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The blood flow parameters of anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery and resistant index in patients of Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group were increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05). Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly increase the activity of serum SOD and decrease the content of AchE, IL-1alpha and IL-6 (P<0.01, P<0.05), better than aniracetam. Furthermore, Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly improve the blood lipid, such as the level of TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA-1 and ApoB-100 (P<0.01, P<0.05), and better than aniracetam (P<0.01, P<0.05). No significant changes were found after treatment in safety indexes, such as routine tests of blood and urine, hepatic and renal function tests and ECG. CONCLUSION: Huannao Yicong capsule has better therapeutic effect than aniracetam capsule in treating senile mild cognitive impairment.