Objective To establish a method for determining cinnamaldehyde in Zegui Longshuang Capsules. Methods A C18 column was used with Acetonitrile-Water (30∶70) as the mobile phase,and the detection wavelength was at 290 nm. Results The calibration curve of cinnamaldehyde was linear from 0.010 ?g to 0.507 ?g,and r=0.999 9. The average recovery was 98.55 %with RSD being 2.06 %. Conclusion This method is proved to be accurate and reliable,and can be used to control the quality of Zegui Longshuang Capsules.

10.3969/j.issn.1008-9691.2013.03.004

Objective To analyze the infection among nursing staff after occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and status of HIV-infected nursing staff,provide basis for prevention of HIV infection among nursing staff.Methods Nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure in a hospital between January 2004 and June 2015,nurses with positive anti-HIV and admitted to this hospital,consulted in outpatient department,as well as consulted outside this hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were and analyzed,HIV infection status among nurse's mate was also analyzed.Results 76 nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure didn't infect with HIV after received standard treatment and follow-up.Among 13 nurses infected with HIV,3 might be with occupational exposure infection previously,5 were with blood transfusion-related infection in the 1990s,4 were with sexually transmitted infection(including 2 male nurses who had sex with man,MSM),1 case with infection of unknown transmission route;secondary transmission occurred in 2 cases;9 nurses are still alive.The infected nurses have received effective antiretroviral treatment and then work at the logistic or administrative department.Conclusion Nurses often suffer from occupational exposure to HIV,occupational exposure infection may occur in the absence of the implementation of standardized management,implementation of standardized management is essential to avoid the occupational exposure of HIV.Sexual transmission(including MSM)has become an important transmission route for HIV infection among nurses.

Microbial metabolomics is a subject that chiefly studying all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or cells during their growing process. The progress of analytical technology promotes microbial metabolomics to make advancement. In this paper, the commonly used analytical technology, sample preparation and its application were discussed and the prospects of the analytical methods were also discussed.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide insights into influenza prevention and control. Methods: Data pertaining to influenza outbreaks reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from National Influenza Surveillance System in China, including time, region, cases and pathogen types of influenza outbreaks. The temporal, spatial and pathogen distribution of influenza outbreaks were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 577 influenza outbreaks involving 448 698 individuals were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and the overall attack rate was 5.34% (23 974 cases), with no death reported. The lowest attack rate of influenza was 0.26%, and the highest was 80.00%, with a median attack rate of 10.89% (interquartile range, 24.26%). The outbreak had the shortest duration of 1.00 day, and the longest duration of 59.00 days, with a median duration of 9.00 (interquartile range, 11.00) days. There were 387 influenza outbreaks that occurred between November and January of the following year (67.07%), and the three highest numbers of outbreaks were reported in Hangzhou City (310 outbreaks), Wenzhou City (51 outbreaks) and Jinhua City (46 outbreaks). There were 395 outbreaks reported in urban regions (68.46%), 93 in counties and townships (16.12%) and 89 in rural regions (15.42%), and influenza outbreaks predominantly occurred in primary schools (487 outbreaks, 84.40%). In addition, the types of pathogens were alternately prevalent, with influenza B virus (241 outbreaks, 41.77%) and A/H3N2 virus (232 outbreaks, 40.21%) as predominant subtypes. Conclusions Influenza outbreaks mainly occurred in winter in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and primary schools were main places of influenza outbreaks, while influenza B virus and A/H3N2 virus were predominant subtypes. It is necessary to reinforce the surveillance and report of influenza-like illness in schools and improve the coverage of influenza vaccination to prevent influenza outbreaks.

Objective To evaluate the stability and biodistribution of a novel SPECT-MRI bi-functional agem 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG in tumor-bearing nude mice. Methods DTPA-DG was synthesized and then conjugated with Gd2O3 to generate Gd-DTPA-DG. The tumor-bearing nude mice were scanned by MRI to evaluate the tumor targeting ability of Gd-DTPA-DG. The orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize pH value of reaction medium and reaction temperature. The radiolabeling efficiency was measured by thin layer chromatography. The distribution of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG in nude mice was evaluated by scintigrapy in vivo. The % ID/g was measured at different time after intravenous injection of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG. Results The tumor was significantly enhanced by Gd-DTPA-DG with MRI. The radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPADG was about 98.5% and remained 96.2% at room temperature for 6 h. The tumor was well visualized by 99TcmGd-DTPA-DG SPECT at 2 h after injection. The tumor uptake was (1.48 ±0.12) %ID/g, and the rumor to muscle radioactivity ratio was 2.91. Conclusions MRI contrast of Gd-DTPA-DG may enhance tumor detection. 99Tcm-labeled Gd-DTPA-DG may be useful for tumor imaging and might have a potential role as a SPECT-MRI bi-functional agent.

Objective To explore effects of Naikan cognitive therapy on improving clinical symptoms in patients with convalescent schizophrenia. Methods The 69 convalescent schizophrenic patients with convalescent clinical state were consecutively recruited. All the patients were divided into Naikan cognitive therapy ( NCT) group an control group at random and were pretreated with antipsychotic agent therapy. In NCT group,the patients received NCT for successive 7 days. In control group,the patients only received antipsychotic agent therapy. Pre-and post-treatment positive and negative syndrome scale( PANSS) , Nurses'observation scale for inpatient evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to all subjects. Results ① A significant decrease occurred in PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, general psychopathology score, reaction retardation score and paranoid score in NCT group ( t = 2. 672～7. 370, P < 0. 05). In the post-treatment, PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, reaction retardation score and thought disorder score were significantly lower in NCT group than those in control group ( t ' = 2. 696, P = 0. 009; t = 5. 186, P=0.000; t = 3.757, P = 0.001; t = 2.634,P = 0.011; t ' =2.376, P = 0.021). ②A significant decrease occurred in NOSIE total negative score( 10.43 ± 9. 24 vs 13. 87 ± 8. 03, t = 3. 463 , P = 0. 002) , irritation score(3. 13 ±0.43 vs8.53 ±4.98, t = 6. 139, P=0.000) and retardation score(1.07 ± 1.64 vs 2. 20 ±2.85, t = 2.067, P = 0.048) in NCT group. Conclusion NCT can possibly improve part clinical symptoms of patients with convalescent schizophrenia to a certain extent,especially negative symptom,but need to further prove the effect of NaiKan cognitive therapy.

Objective To inspect the source of an outbreak with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp).Methods We carried out real-time PCR to analyze specimens collected from pediatric patients in Beijing during January 2010 to May 2012,diagnosed as pneumonia or a respiratory infection according to clinical symptoms.These positive samples were analyzed by the M-P typing system(M:multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis,MLVA; P:P1-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,P1-RFLP).Results Sixty-nine specimens were tested positive to Mp by the real-time PCR in 446 specimens from pediatric patients.The infection rate was 11.69％,15.56％ and 20.00％ respectively in 2010,2011 and the first half of 2012.According to the M-P system,11 distinct genotypes were identified from 69 positive specimens,M43562P1 and M53562P1 were the two main genotypes that showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2011,and M33562P1 and M63562P1 showed an increasing trend from 2011 to 2012 in China.Conclusion During this international Mp epidemic,the infection rate of Mp was also increase in Beijing in 2011,and M43562P1 and M53562P1 were the two main genotypes.Among them,M43562 were consistent with pop genotypes in Europe,and M53562 were consistent with pop genotype in Israel.The M-P system would be valuable to monitor the epidemic of Mp in different countries in the world.

Objective To investigate the relationship between antipituitary antibodies (APAs) and hypopituiarism following traumatic brain injury (TBI),as well as the severity of brain injury.Methods The study included 73 patients who suffered TBI 9 to 12 months ago and were diagnosed with hypopituitarism during the follow-up.Based on their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission they were categorized into three groups:A (3-8),B (9-12) and C (13-15).Levels of plasma pituitary hormones (GH,TT,FT3 and FSH/LH) and APAs were measured in all patients with chemiluminescence assays and ELISA,respectively.Results Patients in group A had higher levels of APAs and lower levels of hormones compared with those in group B(P＜0.001) or group C(P＜0.001),while no significant difference was found between group B and group C for levels of either APAs (P＞0.05) or hormones (P＞0.05).Levels of APAs were negatively correlated with both GH (r=-0.64071,P＜0.001) and GCS (r=-0.50132,P＜0.001).Conclusion The present investigation provides preliminary evidence that APAs may be associated with the development of TBI-induced hypopituiarism.It suggests that the severity of hypopituiarism following TBI could be predicted by measuring the level of APAs.