Equipment Design ; Facial Injuries ; therapy ; First Aid ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Astaxanthin on enhancing the function of anti-oxidative damage in osteoblast.

METHODSMC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were randomly divided into five groups, including control group, model group, Astaxanthin group [low-dose (1 x 10(-7) mol/L), middle-dose (1 x 10(-6) mol/L), high-dose (1 x 10(-5) mol/L)], in which the activity of cells, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid oxygen (LPO) and membrane fluidity were tested and compared.

RESULTSCompared with Astaxanthin groups, the activity of cells, SOD activity and membrane fluidity in the model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). However, the contents of ROS and LPO were significantly raised (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONH2O2 can cause oxidative damage of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, but Astaxanthin can prevent or decrease its influence.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Xanthophylls ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of canthaxanthin on D-galactose induced osseous changes of rat.

METHODSForty-five six-week-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into model group, canthaxanthin group and young control group. In addition, 15 sixteen-month-old Wistar male rats were used as old control group. Model group and canthaxanthin group were given injections of D-galactose for 5 months (20 mg/kg/once per-day) to cause aging of rat. Then routine osseous parameters were tested and compared among the 4 groups.

RESULTSCompared with young control group, the BMD, parameters of structural mechanics and biomechanics, bone calcium, manganese, magnesium and the content of hydroxyproline in the model group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), however, the content of bone phosphorus, the activity of bone and serum ALP increased significantly (P < 0.01). Those changes of the model group were the same as the old control group,but the changes in the canthaxanthin group significantly differed with the model group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe high does of D-galactose intake can cause aging and osteoporosis at the same time in rat, but canthaxanthin can prevent and inhibit D-galactose induced osseous changes.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Calcium ; analysis ; Canthaxanthin ; pharmacology ; Galactose ; toxicity ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVESTo measure continuously the urine beta-FSH excretion in the patients with male hypogonadism, and to evaluate the significance of urine beta-FSH when used in the clinical practice and pathophysiological study on male hypogonadism.

METHODSFour health male volunteers (aged 19, 22, 27 and 33 years), four patients with the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (aged 17, 17, 19 and 24 years) and five patients with idiopathy hypogonadism (hypergonadotropic, aged 16, 16, 17, 20 and 22 years) were asked to collect their morning-first urine samples for 30 to 32 days. One normal men collected his urine samples for 63 days. The urine beta-FSH was assayed with the method of EIA, then corrected by creatinine (Cr) concentration.

RESULTSThe urine beta-FSH level of normal men was (1.16 +/- 0.20) micrograms/mg Cr, with the peak variation in their curves, peak level at 2.76 micrograms/mg Cr. The levels of urine beta-FSH of 4 patients with the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were lower significantly than those of normal men [(0.58 +/- 0.31) (0.93 +/- 0.47) (0.47 +/- 0.33) and (0.60 +/- 0.40) micrograms/mg Cr], without fluctuation in their curves. beta-FSH levels of 5 patients with idiopathy hypogonadism were higher significantly [(3.02 +/- 0.93), (4.36 +/- 1.12), (4.79 +/- 0.78), (4.64 +/- 1.42) and (3.88 +/- 1.42) micrograms/mg Cr], with irregular fluctuation, the highest peak level at 6.83 micrograms/mg Cr. The second sexual characteristics of hypogonadal patients were poor and serum testosterone levels low.

CONCLUSIONSThe urine beta-FSH level raised with irregular fluctuation in patients with idiopathy hypogonadism, while lowed without any fluctuation in patients with the hypogonadism. These findings suggested that the urine beta-FSH excretion was useful for the clinically classified diagnoses and pathophysiological study on male hypogonadism, and for observing the treatment reaction of androgen replacement.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit ; urine ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; metabolism ; urine ; Luteinizing Hormone ; urine ; Male ; Testosterone ; urine

Objective To investigate the palliative care cognition of medical workers and provide evidence for medical worker' s vocational education and treatment of patients with end-stage.Methods 280medical workers from seven different hospitals in five provinces were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire of their palliative care cognition from January to March 2011.Results 280 questionnaires were handed out and 269 were recovered,with the recovery rate of 96.1％.The palliative care cognition of medical workers was affected by work type,age,working years,and working departments.Doctors and medical workers with age between 36 and 45 years old and working years more than 10 years had higher palliative care cognition,and the scores were respectively (25.81 ± 5.51),(26.88 ± 4.40) and (26.23 ± 4.92).Nurses,medical workers with age under 25 years old,working years less than 5 years and in surgical department had lower palliative care cognition,and the scores were respectively (22.25 ± 6.31),(23.68 ± 6.56),(23.57 ± 5.78),(22.55 ± 6.49).The differences were statistically significant (F =6.989,3.961,5.877,2.677,respectively; P ＜0.01).Conclusions Education of palliative care for medical workers,especially for nurses,is needed to provide high quality medical service for patients.

The United Nations Environment Program estimates that approximately 20% of agricultural land and 50% of cropland in the world is salt-stressed. The gene NHX (Na+/H+ exchanger) encodes functional protein that catalyzes the countertransport of Na+ and H+ across membranes and may play an important role in plant salt tolerance. To clone the NHX from the wild plant Populus euphratica collected in Tarim basin and Xinjiang Wujiaqu district into a T-vector, designed primer was used to amplify 1kb NHX cDNA fragment with RT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted from Populus euphratica tissue (plant tissue was collected from Tarim basin and Xinjiang Wujiaqu district and stored in liquid nitrogen) according to the Plant RNA Mini Kits of Omega. First cDNAs were synthesized from 1 microg total RNA of Populus euphratica seedling. A pair of primers were used to perform RT-PCR. The amplified DNA fragment was purified and cloned into pMD18-T vector. However, 1kb and 2.3kb fragment were obtained from Tarim basin and Xinjiang Wujiaqu district and named as PtNHX and PwNHX, respectively. Sequence analysis reveals that the cloned PtNHX fragment of Populus euphratica contains partial NHX coding region with 98%, 86%, 84% and 80% identity comparing with Atriplex gemelini, Suaeda maritima, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, respectively. This analysis suggests that NHX gene would be highly conserved in terms of evolution in plant; and it also suggests that the NHX gene of Populus euphratica also would have the similarity with that of Arabidopsis. It may be of great importance in improvement of the plant salt tolerance and breed of crop. At the same time, sequence analysis shows that PwNHX gene includes a coding region about 1350bp with 99% identity comparing with transposon Tn10 IS10-left transposase of Shigella flexneri. On the one hand, the NHX gene may lose its function because it was inserted a fragment in coding region. On the other hand, its product may play a important role in salt tolerance. Populus grow in saline soil. It speculates that it may have other salt tolerance mechanism in Populus. The transposon can be used as transposon tagging to clone other genes and it will help us to understand farther the salt tolerance mechanism.
Amino Acid Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Populus ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Shigella flexneri ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze the immunophenotype and leukemia associated immunophenotype (LAIP) of leukemia cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection.

METHODSFour-color multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) with CD45/SSC gating was used to determine the expression of the following antibodies of CD7, CD117, CD33, CD34, CD10, CD19, CD56, CD38, CD13, CD14, CD64, CD9, CD16, CD2, CD5, CD11b, CD123, HLA-DR in 610 AML patients and 20 normal bone marrow (NBM) samples.

RESULTSThe mean percentages of CD34+ and CD117+ side scatter low (SSC(low)) cells in NBM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were (0.35 +/- 0.15)% and (0.76 +/- 0.31)%, respectively. The majority (84% -95%) of CD34+ SSC(low) cells co-expressed CD13, CD33, CD38, CD117 and HLA-DR. 33% and 20% of CD34+ SSC(low) cells were CD15+ and CD9, respectively. Only a small proportion (< 10%) of CD34 SSC(low) cell co-expressed CD11b, CD56, CD19 and CD64, while co-expressed CD7 was 12%. In CD117 SSC(low) cells, the relative proportions of CD19+, CD11b+, CD56+ and CD7+ were less than 10%, while CD9+ was 14%. CD38+ and HLA-DR+ were 87% and 91%, respectively. The expressions of CD15, CD34, CD13 and CD33 on CD117 SSC(low) cells were between 30% and 50%. In AML patients, most cases were CD117+ (95.08%), CD38+ (94.74%), CD9+ (84.93%), CD33+ (84.60%), HLA-DR+ (77.23%) and CD13 (75.25%). The proportions of CD64+ and CD34+ were 64.41% and 59.51%, and that of CD15 and CD11b+ were 43.06% and 22.07%, respectively. 86.39% of AML patients were found to have at least one LAIP, the highest incidence being in AML-M1 and M3 subtypes and the lowest in AML-M4Eo subtype. The cross-lineage antigen and asynchronous antigen expression were the most frequent aberrant phenotypes. CD7, CD19 and CD56 expressing on CD34+ cells were major cross-lineage antigen. For asynchronous antigen expression, CD34+ CD64+, CD117+ CD11b+ , CD34+ CD38(-/dim) and CD34+ HLA-DR(-/dim) were seldom expressed on normal BMMNCs (about 0.01%), and the logarithm difference between AML and NBM was larger than 3.0, being the more sensitive LAIP.

CONCLUSIONMRD detection by multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to more than 80% of AML patients.

Adult ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated transfer of PDCD5 gene on apoptosis of K562 cells induced by etoposide. Recombinant adenovirus PDCD5 (Ad-PDCD5), control vectors Ad-null and Ad-eGFP were constructed by AdMax vector system respectively. After K562 cells were transfected by Ad-PDCD5, Ad-null or Ad-eGFP with different multiplicity of infection (MOI), the expression level of the PDCD5 gene was examined by RQ-RT-PCR assay. The effects of etoposide in combination with Ad-PDCD5 on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were measured by using MTT assay and flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI dual labeling technique, respectively. The results showed that the transfection efficiencies of Ad-eGFP in K562, Jurkat and CEM cells ranged from 60% to 86%. Expression level of PDCD5 gene in K562 cells was evidently increased following transfection with Ad-PDCD5. The Ad-PDCD5 synergistically enhanced the apoptotic percentage of K562 cells induced by VP-16, as compared with that of Ad-null + VP16 and VP-16 alone respectively. It is concluded that Ad-PDCD5 may be a potential agent for enhancing the chemotherapy effect.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo compare the leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) in patients with B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at diagnosis and relapse, and investigate its implications for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection.

METHODSThe immunophenotype of leukemia cells from 410 newly diagnosed and 6 relapsed patients with B-ALL were detected by four to six antibody combination, mainly CD34/CD10/CD45/CD19 of 4-color CD45/SSC gating flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe proportion of CD45 under-expressed or negative in relapsed patients was much higher than that in newly diagnosed patients, being 69.2% and 37.8% respectively. Immunophenotypic changes occurred in 9 relapsed patients (including 8 hematological relapse and 1 central nerves system relapse) when analyzed by paired samples analysis at diagnosis vs at relapse: 4 cases showed CD45 down-modulation and 2 up-modulation; 4 CD34 down-modulation and 2 CD10 up-modulation, while the expression of CD19 remained no change. MRD was observed in all 7 cases of hematological relapse 2 - 4 months before relapse, and the immunophenotype of MRD cells was the same as that in relapse.

CONCLUSIONA high frequency of immunophenotypic changes occurred at relapse and even in MRD before relapse, however the accuracy of MRD monitoring seemed not affected by the FCM strategy used in this investigation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD19 ; immunology ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Neprilysin ; immunology ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Recurrence ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical significance for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection by 4 color flow cytometry in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

METHODSMRD was analyzed and followed up by using two panels of 4 color antibodies, mainly CD34/CD10/CD45/CD19, in 671 consecutive bone marrow specimens and 1 cerebrospinal fluid from 98 B-ALL patients. In 26 cases of them the immunophenotyping informations at diagnosis were not available.

RESULTSOf 671 bone marrow samples, 579 were MRD negative with leukemic cells below 0.0001 and 93 were MRD positive with leukemic cells over 0.0001. Of 93 MRD positive samples, leukemic cells below 0.05 were found in 64 bone marrow samples, meanwhile in the other 29 samples leukemic cells were over 0.05. Twenty patients relapsed, 19 were bone marrow relapse and one center nerves system. Fifteen of them were found MRD positive 7 - 17 weeks before relapse including 6 patients having no immunophenotyping data at diagnosis. The percentages of leukemia cells in these 15 patients were all over 0.0001. Two relapsed patients were MRD negative in 3 and 9 months before relapse, respectively. Two relapsed after MRD monitoring stopped. If MRD level was > 0.0001 at the end of induction chemotherapy and 12 weeks of treatment, the rate of relapse was 50% (6/12), while, it was 7.5% (3/40) in MRD negative patients (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONRelapses can be predicted by MRD monitoring, if MRD was positive in the early phase of treatment, the risk of relapse was higher. Based on the characteristics of B cells ontogeny, MRD detection can be done independently of immunophenotypic information at diagnosis.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD19 ; immunology ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Neprilysin ; immunology ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Young Adult