Thunderclap headache is a sudden severe headache. It is an uncommon type of headache. Identifying it in time and accurate diagnosis are very important because this type of headache is often complicating serious cerebral diseases. This article reviews its causes and diagnostic assessments.

BACKGROUND: Is the inhibition of the hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and differentiation after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection associated with abnormal expression of infected cell proliferated gene?OBJECTIVE: To observe the HOXB6-mRNA expression in the process of proliferation and differentiation of HCMV-infected HSPC into colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E).DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING: Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.MATERIALS: All cord blood (CB) specimens were provided by the Obstetrics Department of Affiliated Hospital of Luzhon Medical College. They were collected from the umbilical vein of normal term neonates delivered spontaneously. All neonate mothers were healthy and HBS-Ag-negative. HCMV-IgM antibody revealed by routine ELUSA and HCMV-DNA checked by PCR were undetectable. Written informed consent for the laboratory measurements was obtained from each neonate mother, and the protocol was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. HCMV-AD169 strains were obtained from the Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, lot No. 20010126) was provided by Chongqing Huapont Pharm. Co., Ltd., China.METHODS: This study was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (state-level), Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College of Luzhou Medical College from April 2006 to April 2007. Cord blood mononuclear cells were separated for HSPC culture. According to different interventions, the study consisted of 4 groups. Control group: no HCMV virus solution was added and equal volume of culture medium was added instead. HCMV group: 105 PFU/mL HCMV-AD169 virus solution was added to the culture system. ATRA group: ATRA was added into the cultivation system at the final concentration of 60 μ mol/L. HCMV+ATRA group: ATRA was added into the HCMV group, and its final concentration was also 60 μ mol/L.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In each group, cells were harvested on days 3,7 and 12. HOXB6 mRNA expression levels in CFU-GM and CFU-E were detected by real-time fluorescent-based quantification PCR.RESULTS: In the control group, both CFU-E and CFU-GM expressed HOXB6-mRNA. The HOXB6 mRNA expression was increased as a function of time. The HOXB6-mRNA expressed by CFU-E reached its peak level on day 12, while that expressed by CFU-GM reached its peak level on day 7. Compared to control group, the expression levels of CFU-E and CFU-GM HOXB6-mRNA genes in normal cord blood were significantly lower in the HCMV group (P＜0.05)and significantly higher in the ATRA group (P＜0.05) at each time point after HCMV infection. Furthermore, the expression levels were significantly higher in the ATRA+HCMV group than in the HCMV group at each time point(P＜0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: HOXB6-mRNA expression is stable and lasting in the proliferation and differentiation of HSPC into CFU-GM and CFU-E. HCMV could down regulate HOXB6 gene expression, and ATRA could up regulate HOXB6 gene expression.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods: Totally 62 patients scheduled for mitral valve replacement surgery were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to DEX group with constant infusion of DEX (0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 , n =31) and the control group with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride injection(n =31).A volume of 4 ml of jugular vein blood was respectively withdrawn before the induction of anesthesia (T0), at 10 min after aortic-off clamping(T1), the end of bypass(T2), 4h after bypass(T3),12h after bypass(T4) and 24h after bypass(T5).The serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-10(IL-10) were determined.Results: The serum CRP in both groups increased remarkably at T1-T5 , while the serum CRP in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T5.The serum TNF-α increased remarkably in control group at T2-T4, while the serum TNF-α increased remarkably in DEX group at T2-T3;the serum TNF-α in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T4.The serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in both groups were increased remarkably at T2-T5, T1-T5,T1-T3, respectively.The serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the DEX group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T2-T4 while the serum IL-10 in the DEX group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T1-T3.The serum WBC in both groups at T3-T5 were higher than those at T0, while the serum WBC in the control group was significantly higher than that in the DEX group at T3-T5.However, the differences between the two groups at mechanical ventilation time, ICU observation time, the incidence of postoperative SIRS after 24h, hospitalization days, and the adverse reactions were not statistically significant.Conclusion: DEX has notable protective effects on systemic inflammatory response syndrome during extracorporeal circulation.

The text has isolated 267 strains LAB from the traditional fermentative food in Sichuan. Using agar plate proliferation experiment and double-layer agar plate proliferation experiment (eliminating the effects of organic acid and H_2O_2, decreased after treatment with trypsin and papain) to screen a LAB of Bacteriocins P158 which has antibacterial action to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. P158 was isolated from fermented glutinous rice. Through detection of its appearance, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence homology analysis, it was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.

Objective To study the time distribution of non-agriculture employed population spent in a working day in China, and to provide basic information for intervention strategies.Methods The data of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey were used. The information on daily activities including occupation,transportation,exercise,housework,sedentary activity and sleep was described.Results Non-agriculture employed population spent 8.41 h,0.58 h,0.09 h,3.11 h,1.40 h and 7.89 h on occupation, transportation,exercise,sedentary activity,housework and sleep,respectively.Administrator,technologist and clerks spent less time on occupation activity than service workers,production and transportation workers and others did,and they spent more time on sedentary activity.Male spent more time on occupation activity and less time on housework and sleep than female did.People in rural area spent more time on occupation activity than those in urban area,but less time On transportation and sedentary activity.Conclusion Differences in time use among different employed groups,gender and area were found,which should be considered when intervention measure is developed.

Objective To investigate the effect of analgesia with dezocine on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods Seveuty patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer were selected,and they were scheduled the pulmonary lobectomy.The patients were divided into control group and dezocine group by random digits table method with 35 cases each.The patients in dezocine group were given 0.5 mg/ml dezocine by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump,and the patients in control group were given 0.9％ sodium chloride by PCA pump.The peripheral blood lymphocytes count and percentages of CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell (NK cell) before anesthesia induction and 4,24,48 h after operation were detected.Results In control group,the peripheral blood lymphocytes count and NK cell 24 h after operation were (1.08 ± 0.21) × 109/L and 0.141 4 ± 0.021 8,which before anesthesia induction were (1.71 ± 0.33) × 109/L and 0.190 9 ± 0.022 8,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).In dezocine group,the peripheral blood lymphocytes count and NK cell 24 h after operation were (1.14 ±0.28) × 109/L and 0.124 9 ± 0.027 6,which before anesthesia induction were (1.69 ± 0.28) × 109/L and 0.198 6 ± 0.027 5,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+ T lymphocytes 24 h after operation in dezocine group was significantly higher than that in control group (0.355 6 ±0.031 1 vs.0.273 5 ±0.029 4),and there was statistical difference (P ＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in CD8+ T lymphocytes between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Analgesia with dezocine can notably improve immunosuppression in patients after pulmonary lobectomy.

Objective: It is to investigate the efficacy of the blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibusion for treatment of vertebroarterial cervical spondylopathy. Methods: 176 cases were divided into the treatment group (89 cases) and control group (87 cases) randomly. Acupuncture on points Geshu (BL 17), Fengchi (GB 20) and Bailao (Ex-HN) was applied, and meanwhile moxibustion on points Baihui (GV 20) and Shangxing (GV 23) was applied in the treatment group, while Flunarizine was orally taken in the control group. Results: The blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibustion could significantly improve the comprehensive curative effect clinically, increase the subjective index score and the sign score significantly, and change hemodynamics obviously. Its effect was better than that of the control group. It was also found that its follow-up effect was significantly better that of the control group. Conclusion: The blood-activating and orifice-opening method with acupuncture and moxibustion has a definite effect on vertebroarterial cervical spondylopathy.

AIM: To observe the role of c-fos in the protection by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) against pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: The ultrastructure of PASMC was observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). MDA content,LDH release and the rate of trypan blue in PASMC were measured,and immunocytochemistry technique was adopted to observe the c-fos protein expression. RESULTS: The TEM results showed significant PASMC structural injury in LPS group and alleviated structural changes in LPS+CCK-8 group. CCK-8 reduced the increase in the rate of trypan blue uptake,MDA content and LDH release in PASMC induced by LPS. LPS lightly increased c-fos protein expression,which was enhanced by CCK-8. CONCLUSION: CCK-8 attenuated the injury of PASMC induced by LPS,which may be concerned with the increase in c-fos protein expression.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36),Guanyuan (CV 4) and Ashi points on adjuvant arthritis rats,and explore the mechanism of EA treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:Sixty male rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a methotrexate group and an EA group,with 15 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group and the model group were routinely raised and did not receive treatment;rats in the methotrexate group received methotrexate at a dose of 0.35 mg/(kg·bw),twice a week for 3 weeks;rats in the EA group received acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36),Guanyuan (CV 4) and Ashi points,and the bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Ashi points were connected to EA apparatus,once a day for 3 weeks.The general status,the swelling degree of the toe,the arthritis index (AI) score,the pathological morphology of the ankle joint,and the mRNA expressions of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (c-IAP) 1 and c-IAP2 in joint synovial tissue cells of the rats in each group were observed.Results:The swelling degree of the toe,AI score and mRNA expressions of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the swelling degree of the toe,AI score and mRNA expressions of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 in the methotrexate group and the EA group improved (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05);the expressions of c-IAP1 mRNA and c-IAP2 mRNA in rat synovial tissues in the EA group were significantly higher than those in the methotrexate group (P＜0.01).Conclusion:EA alleviates joint swelling in rats with adjuvant arthritis.The mechanism may be related to suppressing mRNA expressions of c-IAP1 and c-IAP2,thus to induce apoptosis of synoviocytes.

Objective To investigate the impact of aging and vascular endothelial function on arterial stiff- ness in patients with isolated systolic hypertension.Methods Patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH,n=75)age-matched healthy subjects(n=30)and young healthy subjects(n=50)were submitted to deter- mination of aortic pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and vascular endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated dila- tion(FMD).Results baPWV was progresively decreased(ISH:2459.2?436.8 vs elderly healthy:2097.2? 315.7 vs young healthy:1619.7?214.2 cm/s,P