Rotavirus is the most common pathogens of diarrheal diseases in children. Rotavirus infection lead to not only gastrointestinal symptoms but also a variety of extraintesu'nal manifestations. The pathogenesis of RV diarrhea and especially RV viremia is related to multiple factors. Rotavirus infectious diarrhea is related to the damaged cell intercellular connections,the non-structural protein 4, heat shock protein hsc70 and other factors. Pathogenesis of RV viremia may be related to the secretion of inflammatory mediators in vivo and expression of cytokines after RV infection.

A psychological contract represents the mutual beliefs,perceptions,and infor-mal obligations in a generalized form between an employer and an employee.Medical universities should attach great importance to the theory of psychological contract when considering how to analyze the cause of teachers’Job burnout and find a solution to it.

Objective To explore the effect of baicalin on tumour necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) of immunosuppressed rats infected with Pneumocystis carinii.Methods Forty-nine SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:normal control(A), immunosuppressed control(B), SMZ/TMP control(C), baicalin prevention(D), low dose(E), moderate dose(F) and high dose(G).Rats of group D received six injections at three-day intervals with 3.5 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate for 3 weeks, while groups B, C, E, F and G received same immunosuppressor but for 6 weeks.Rats in group D were given 100 mg/kg baicalin daily for 5 weeks, and groups C, E, F and G were given 250 mg/kg SMZ+50 mg/kg TMP, low dose 100 mg/(kg?d), moderate dose 200 mg/(kg?d), and high dose 400 mg/(kg?d) baicalin daily for 2 weeks, respectively.At the end of 8th week after immunosppression, the contents of TNF-? and sICAM-1 in peripheral blood were detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA) and ELISA, respectively.The pathological change of lung was observed by lung imprint smear with gormori methenamine silver(GMS) staining and lung section with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Results The content of TNF-? in group D(2.14?0.14) ng/ml, group E(2.57?0.15) ng/ml, group F(1.46?0.14) ng/ml, group G(1.12?0.13) ng/ml andgroup C(1.59?0.14) ng/ml were higher than that of group A(0.70?0.21)ng/ml(P

Objective To estimate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with conventional treatment on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods Literature on randomized control trials( RCTs) with AECOPD treated by LMWH combined with conventional methods was collected in PubMed.The studies were selected according to inclusive and exclusive criteria.The data were extracted,the quality was assessed, and meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.2 software.Results There were twelve RCTs including 879 patients with AECOPD in the current study.The results of meta-analysis showed that:①LMWH could obviously improve PaO2 and PaCO2 of patients with AECOPD as compared with the control group.②There was no statistically significant difference between the LMWH-treated group and control group in the improvement of FEV1 or hematocrit.Conclusion LMWH can significantly improve arterial blood gas analysis in AECOPD, but does not improve FEV1 or hematocrit.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of card other tromethamine for postpartum hemorrhage. Methods 80 cases with postpartum hemorrhage were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, 40 cases in each group.The control group was given oxytocin treatment.While the observation group was given oxyto-cin and card other tromethamine treatment.The clinical curative effect,bleeding time after treatment,postpartum 2h haemorrhage amount and adverse reaction,etc.were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.0%,which was significantly higher than 75.0% of the control group,the difference was sta-tistically significant(χ2 =15.68,P <0.05).The haemorrhage amount of postpartum 2h of the observation group was (273.7 ±10.5)mL,which was significantly lower than (547.1 ±16.4)mL of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t =88.79,P <0.05).The bleeding time of the observation group was (14.8 ±3.4)min,which was significantly shorter than (34.9 ±8.4)min of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =14.02,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 7.5%,that of the control group was 5.0%,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =0.53,P >0.05 ). Conclusion Card other tromethamine in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage has good clinical curative effect and high safety.

To investigate the change and clinical significance of interleukin(IL)-23 and IL-17 levels preliminarily in peripheral blood of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in serum and culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were determined by ELISA in patients with OSAHS and normal volunteers.To observe the changes of IL-23 and IL-17 levels before and after the treatment of Han-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(H-UPPP) in patients with OSAHS.The levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in serum and culture supernatants of PBMCs in patients with OSAHS were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P<0.05),and the levels of serum IL-23 and IL-17 were increased with the disease severity.The levels of IL-23 presented positively correlated with those of IL-17 in both serum and culture supernatants of PBMCs(rs=0.644,P<0.01;rs=0.251,P<0.05).After two months later of H-UPPP surgery, the levels of serum IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly lower than that before the treatment(P<0.05)as well as the apnea-hypopnea index.The sleep quality and low oxygen was improved obviously, and the lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation elevated significantly(P<0.05).IL-23 and IL-17 may play an important role in pathogenesis and prognosisof OSAHS.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the renal protective effects of ramipril and atorvastatin used in combination or alone for diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: 54 patients were randomly assigned to receive ramipril 5 mg q.d (Group A), atorvastatin 10 mg q.d (Group B) or ramipri 5mg qd + atorvastatin 10mg q.d (Group C) for 18wk. RESULTS: After 18-week treatment, levels of both urine protein and blood lipid decreased in all the three groups (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Either Ramipril or Atorvastatin alone had satisfactory effect on diabetic neph-ropathy, but a more remarkable protection effect on kidney was noted when they used in combination.

Pharmacological actions of praziquantel against schistosome adult worms are thought to be directly linked to the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis. The voltage-gated Ca2+ channel is an important factor in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ level. Studies have revealed that Ca2+ channel subunits may be the target for the action of praziquantel. This review summarizes the progress on the structure and function of the Ca2+ channel of Schistosoma spp and other Platyhelminths as well as the role of Ca2+ channel in action of praziquantel.

OBJECTIVE To search the methods of decreasing the missing report of nosocomial infection cases with a prospective monitoring method.METHODS To summarize the methods and measures that had been adopted for ten years.RESULTS There were four important means to decrease the missing report of nosocomial infection cases with a prospective monitoring method.The measures included combining prospective monitoring method and(retrospective) monitoring method at the beginning of taking prospective monitoring method,taking the right(methods),devising careful and precise researching procedure,reinforcing to propagandize and educate the(knowledge) of nosocomial infection to enhance the understanding of medical personnel to control nosocomial(infection),and analyzing and feedbacking the data of nosocomial infection with a prospective monitoring method.CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to develop the prospective monitoring method of investigating nosocomial(infection) as perfectly as possible.It can not only decrease the missing report of nosocomial infection with(prospective)(monitoring) method,but also effectively clue on trend of outbreak and epidemic of nosocomial infection.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of highly agglutinative staphylococcin injection at high dose combined with oxaliplatin or cisplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion in the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion. Methods:Totally 60 patients with malignant peritoneal effusion were divided into two groups,32 cases in group A,and 28 cases in group B. Group A was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage,and group B was treated with staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin with intraperitoneal infusion after peritoneal cavity catheter drainage. All patients underwent the treatment once a week,and continuous four weeks for a courese. The clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:The complete response rate of group A was 18. 8% ,and the total effective rate was 90. 7% ,which were both significantly higher than those of group B(P < 0. 05). The incidence of abdominal pain in group A was higher than that in group B(P < 0. 05),while there were no significant differences in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions and the other symptoms between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Conclusion:Staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion is more effective than staphylococcin at high dose combined with cisplatin. Although abdominal pain in group A is obvious,the patients are able to tolerate with it after the symptomatic treatment,therefore,staphylococcin at high dose combined with oxaliplatin with intraperitoneal perfusion can be used as one of effective methods for the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion.