At present, there exist such problems in China as irrational distribution of medical resources, lack of market standards, weak awareness of competition and limitation of areas under medical insurance coverage. Yet with Chinas entry into WTO, there will be such severe challenges as change of the medical pattern and the pouring in of foreign medical institutions. In light of the circumstances, the medical industry in China should adopt the following measures: speeding up the reform of the medical and health system so as to enhance the competitive power; increasing the input of science and technology so as to strengthen the ability to innovate; and adopting the idea of the market so as to enhance the awareness of competition. In particular, attention should be paid to the change of needs of social groups, service orientation and manners on the part of domestic medical institutions should be studied, brand new concepts of service should be adopted, with respect shown to the rights of patients and a good image of each hospital should be created.

It’s a problem faced by most institutions how to make employment more standardized and legalized after Implement of Labor Contract Law of People's Republic of China. So the author studied employment mode and management mode of workforce out of organization primarily, and explored some problems produced after Implement of Labor Contract Law of People's Republic of China in order to find out perfect management method and employment mode. It has certain practical significance and guiding role.

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are inflammatory myopathies and slowly advanced of unknown etiology that affect the skeletal muscles.With the advancement of the constant research on the disease and use of new technology,people have a penetrating realization about the pathogenesis. The disease is thought to be associated with autoimmune as well as nonimmune mechanism. By now, there is no overall summary on the newest advancement of the pathogenesis.We summarized the progress on the pathogenesis of the disease in order to make it more clear to physicians.

After cataract,called posterior capsule opacification (PCO),is resulted from residual cortex or the proliferation of lens epithelial cells following extracapsular cataract extraction,and it is thought to be themost common complication and the main reason of eyesight decline after modern extracapsular cataract surgery.Lens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after surgery play an important role in PCO.How to prevent and treat PCO is the focus of attention of eye scholars,and the major treating methods are administration of drug,laser and surgery.Recent years,scholars in home and abroad are interested in biological targeted therapy to prevent PCO,such as the topical application of antiproliferation of LECs,preparation of vector transfected immunotoxin and gene theropy etc.The research progress in recent years in the biological therapy of PCO were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the effects of two sputum aspirations on old critical patients.Methods Sixty elderly critical patients were divided into the experiment group and control group in equal number.The former group received sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe and the control group by oronasal airpipe.The two groups were compared in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen.Result The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of sputum aspiration effect and saturation of blood oxygen(both P<0.05).Conclusion Sputum aspiration by oropharynx airpipe is effective in the aspiration of secretions from respiratory tract and the reduced effect of saturation of blood oxygen.

Objective To investigate the association between the duration of second stage of labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorders,dysglycaemia (including gestational diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy) or primipara-inadvanced-age,and in normal pregnant women after implementation of new partogram.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all nulliparous women with the duration of second stage of labor ≥2 h at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University between October 1,2014 and March 31,2015.Women with preterm labor,multiple gestation,noncephalic presentations,fetal malformations,placenta previa,or induction of labor after fetal death were excluded.And 279 women who met the inclusion criteria served as study group.Among the 279 women,25 had hypertensive disorders (hypertension group),46 had dysglycaemia (dysglycaemia group),and 35 had primipara-in-advanced-age (primipara-in-advanced-age group),and the remaining 177 women served as ordinary study group.According to the duration of second stage,the ordinary study group was divided into three subgroups:≥ 2-＜2.5 h (n=90),≥ 2.5-＜3 h (n=51),and ≥ 3 h(n=36).And 340 women with the duration ＜ 2 h were selected randomly as control group,including 24 with hypertensive disorders (hypertension control group),61 with dysglycaemia (dysglycaemia control group),and 41 with primipara-in-advanced-age (primipara-in-advanced-age control group);the remaining 226 women served as ordinary control group.Maternal and neonatal outcomes in these two groups were analyzed with Rank sum test,Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results (1) Dysglycaemia group had a longer first stage of labor,lower rate of spontaneous labor and higher rate of forcep-assisted delivery than its counterpart control group [11.88(8.42-16.06) vs 8.17(5.00 14.12) h,67.4％(31/46) vs 91.8％(56/61),and 30.4％(14/46) vs 8.2％(5/61),respectively,all P＜0.05].Primipara-in-advanced-age group had a longer first stage of labor,higher intervention rate,lower spontaneous labor rate and higher rate of forcep-assisted delivery than its counterpart control group [12.33(7.17-20.50) vs 7.50(4.00-15.12) h,61.8％(21/34) vs 36.6％(15/41),60.0％(21/35) vs 90.2％(37/41),and 34.3％(12/35) vs 9.8％(4/41),respectively,P＜0.05].Compared with ordinary control group,women in the ordinary study group,≥ 2-＜2.5 h,≥ 2.5-＜3 h and ＞3 h subgroup had a longer first stage of labor,higher labor intervention rate,and lower spontaneous labor rate (all P＜0.05).Ordinary study group and ≥ 3 h subgroup had higher rates of labor analgesia and forcep-assisted delivery than the ordinary control group.The forcepassisted delivery rate in ≥ 2.5-＜3 h subgroup and cesarean section rate in ≥ 3 h subgroup were all higher than in ordinary control group (P＜0.05).(2) Hypertension group had a higher incidence of postpartum hemorrhage than its corresponding control group while primipara-in-advanced-age group had a higher incidence [48.0％(12/25)vs 20.8％(5/24),and 34.3％(12/35) vs 7.3％(3/41),both P＜0.05).Ordinary study group,≥ 2.5-＜3 h subgroup and ≥ 3 h subgroup had higher rates of postpartum hemorrhage and adverse wound healing than the ordinary control group (all P＜0.05).(3) Compared with ordinary control group,≥ 2-＜2.5 h subgroup had a higher rate of neonatal asphyxia,≥ 2.5-＜3 h subgroup had higher fetal macrosomia proportion,and ≥ 3 h subgroup had a higher rate of admission to neonatal intensive care unit (all P＜0.05).In ordinary study group,6(3.4％) out of the 177 cases had neonatal asphyxia,all in the ≥ 2-＜2.5 h subgroup [6.7％(6/90)],which was higher than in the ordinary control group [0.9％ (2/226)],P＜0.05.Conclusions With the prolonged duration of the second stage,the risk of adverse matemal and neonatal outcomes increases.For pregnant women complicated with hypertensive disorders,dysglycaemia or primipara-in-advanced-age,the duration of the second stage of should not be prolonged.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of psoralen in Psoralea-pericarpium juglates lini-ment. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water(60∶40, V/V)at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,detection wavelength was 246 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,and injection volume was 20μl. RESULTS:The linear range of psoralen was 2.49-39.90 μg/ml;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.00%;recovery was 97.23%-100.58%(RSD=1.17%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is fast,simple,accurate and re-liable,and can be used for the content determination of psoralen in Psoralea-pericarpium juglates liniment.

Objective To explore the TCM pathogenesis based on the analyses of TCM pattern elements. Methods TCM pattern elements of 84 patients with middle-late pancreatic cancer to analyze the TCM disease location and characteristics by their frequency and the contribution scores. Results A total of 84 patients were included, TCM disease location with the top 10 rank of the contribution scores were spleen, stomach, liver, gallbladder, kidney, intestine, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, while they were significantly higher than others (P<0.05). And the TCM pattern elements with the top 5 rank of the contribution scores were qi deficiency, dampness, heat, blood stasis, toxin, while they were significantly higher than others (P<0.01). Conclusions TCM disease locations of middle-late pancreatic cancer were mainly in spleen and stomach, and TCM pattern element were excessive patterns with qi deficiency, deficiency patterns with dampness, heat, blood stasis and toxin.

Objective] The mechanism of astragalus polysaccharides treatment of asthma was discussed. [Methods]Through the domestic and foreign about traditional Chinese medicine monomer astragalus polysaccharide on IL-4, IL-10 and other cytokines and inflammatory infiltrates aspects such as the Th1/Th2 balance, smooth muscle actin and airway mucus in the airway remodeling and asthma related gene research literature summary. [Results] Improve airway inflammation astragalus polysaccharides from activation and inhibition EOS EOS infiltration reduction, regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance, so Th0 cells to Th1 cell differentiation, and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and other aspects, APS can reduce airway hyper-responsiveness mitigate aspects peribronchial infiltration of eosinophils and airway smooth muscle cells induced byα-SMA expression and other high alleviate airway remodeling. [Conclusion] The influence of astragalus polysaccharide on asthma gene research will lay the basis for study of the mechanism of treatment of asthma, monomer research provides new ideas for traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the licensed pharmacist system in China and the USA,and to provide reference for im-proving pharmaceutical care and promoting public safety of drug use in China. METHODS:The relevant literatures in recent 10 years were retrieved from CJFD and Wanfang database. The differences of legal status,access qualification,legal obligations and responsibilities of licensed pharmacists in the USA and China were compared,and suggestions on improving the licensed pharma-cists system in China were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:At present,the problems of licensed pharmacist system in China are mainly that the legal status is not high,the access threshold is low,the legal obligations and responsibilities are not clear. However,the licensed pharmacist system in the USA has been developed for a century and formed a relatively strict legal sys-tem. Model State Pharmacy Act promulgated by National Association of Boards of Pharmacy in USA has clearly defined the access qualifications,legal obligations and responsibilities of licensed pharmacists. The pharmacy acts of the states were enacted on its blueprint. In view of current problems in China,it is necessary to learn from the above experience of the USA to improve the legal status,access qualification,legal obligations and responsibilities of licensed pharmacists and the quality of pharmaceutical care.