Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant

Objective To investigate the hand washing state and its influencing factors in patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic in order to adopt measures to enhance the patients' consciousness of hand hygiene. Methods 300 adult patients undergoing infusion in outpatient clinic were investigated.The bacteria condition before and after washing hands was observed. The condition and washing apparatus in the infusion room were also evaluated. Results The bacteria amount in the hands of patients undergoing infusion was 20 to 36 times higher than the standard level. The washing apparatus was simple and did not reach the standard requirement. Conclusion We should strengthen the propaganda of hand hygiene knowledge to patients undergoing infusion and improve their recognition of the importance of hand washing. The hospital should improve the washing facilities to reduce hospital infeciton.

Objective To construct a simple method for the measurement of activity of S-homocysteine methyltransferase (HMT),and explore the best processing condition for HMT and the preservation of HMT.Methods HMT was expressed in pro-karyotic system by using genetic engineering technology,then was purified by using affinity and Sephadex G1 5 chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)was performed to identify the physicochemical and bio-logical properties of target protein.Based on the principle of 5 ,5′-disulfide-double (2- nitro benzoic acid)(DTNB)could react with sulfydryl compounds rapidly,the reduction of homocysteine was detect to evaluate the activity of enzyme,then the best processing conditions of HTM were determined.Activity of enzyme,preserved in preservation solution with or without glycerol and preserved under different temperatures,was detected.Activity remaining ratios were detected and compared between HMT preserved in pres-ervation solution with different protective agents of different concentration and preserved by cryodesiccation.Results The purity of recombined HMT was above 95%,with molecular weight of 36 000 and excellent catalytic activity,and the catalytic activity was 2 000 U/mg.The optimum condition for the detection of biological activity was using HEPES buffer of pH 7.4 at 37 ℃ and reac-tion for 25 min.Glycerol could significantly prolong the preserving time of HMT,and half activity of HMT could be remained for six months.The reservation rates of activity of HMT,preserved in preservation solution with mannitol and trehalose,were 104%and 100%,respectively.Conclusion HMT could be obtained through genetic engineering.A simple test method of HMT was es-tablished,and the best processing conditions and preserving methods of HMT were determined,which laid a foundation for clinical application.

Objective:To study the in vitro corneal permeation and antibacterial activity of N-trimethyl chitosan(TMC)-coated sparfloxacin lactate(SL)nanoliposomes. Methods:Franz diffusion cells were used with rabbit cornea as the barrier to study the in vitro corneal permeation of TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes,and the permeation parameters were calculated. Eseheriehia eoli,staphylo-eoeeus aureus,pseudomonas aeruginosa and baeillus subtilis were used as the tested bacterial strains and the in vitro antibacterial activity of the SL preparations was investigated to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)and the relationship of bacterial inhibitory rate and time. Results:The order of steady permeation rate(J),corneal perme-ation coefficient(P)and corneal retention rate was TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes > SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop. The order of lag time(τ)and corneal diffusion coefficient(D)was SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop > TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes. The in vitro an-tibacterial activity showed the order of TMC-coated SL nanoliposomes > SL nanoliposomes > SL eye drop. Conclusion:Compared with the eye drop,liposomes can enhance the corneal permeation and storage of SL with improved antibacterial activity,and TMC-coating can further improve the permeation and antibacterial activity,which is worthy of further study.

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; therapy ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; etiology ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Vascular or endoluminal stent is a stent implanted in the lesion site to support stenosis vessels based on luminal balloon expansion,to reduce vascular elasticity recoil and remoulding,and maintain blood flow patent.Some stents can also prevent vascular restenosis.Stent size,surface coverage,radial supporting,extensibility,longitudinal recoil,fatigue test,material composition,corrosion-resistance,coagulation,surface roughness and biocompatibility(blood compatibility) are performance parameters to evaluate the stents.Vascular or endoluminal stent has been widely used in arterial and venous systems and non-vessel luminal systems.The incidence of complications following stenting is 11.6%,including acute or subacute thrombogenesis,restenosis,or stent dislocation.It is commonly demonstrated that intrastent restenosis is caused by hyperblastosis.

Base Sequence ; Hepacivirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides ; therapeutic use

Objective: To study the best pre-treatment method and its technology before ultrafiltration of Reduning water extract. Methods: To investigate such pre-treatment methods as chitosan flocculation on the impurity of prescription water extract, as well as polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane refination effect with molecular weight cut-off three to five million. Results: The centrifugation and decompress filtration were not benefit to promote the geniposide reservation and reduce fouling degree of membrane. Absorption of active carbon could make the geniposide reservation deeply lower. The geniposide was reserved mostly and the total extracts reduced mostly for chitosan flocculation and microfiltration. But the flux was higher and the membrane fouling is smaller after chitosan flocculation. Conclusion: Chitosan flocculation is the best pre-treatment method. The operating conditions are that temperature of Reduning water extract is 70°C, pH value 6, and the dosage of 1% chitosan is 70 mL/L.

This aticle introduced the process of Botulinum toxin from toxin to drug, as well as the application in Spastic Cerebral Palsy such as dose, therapeutic estimation and side-effect etc.

Case discussion is an effective approach,which combines basic theory with clinical medicine.It can evoke students' interest and cultivate their creative thinking capacity.Moreover,it can improve teachers' general ability in teaching pathophysiolo- gy.In this article,we discuss the application of case discussion in pathophysiology teaching.