Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and body fluid distribution in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: Sixty-six CAPD patients without edema were recruited in this study. Patients’ fluid status was measured by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and nutritional status was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA). Thirty-six age-matched healthy people served as controls. Results: As compared to the healthy control, CAPD patients had significant abnormal fluid distribution in the body with significantly decreased intracellular water (ICW) and little change in extracellular water (ECW). Malnutrition further aggregated the changes in body fluid distribution. Conclusion: Body fluid distribution is abnormal in CAPD patients and may be affected by patients’ nutritional status. The ratio of ICW/ECW can not be correctly used to evaluate hydration state when the patient is malnourished. Key word: intracellular water (ICW); extracellular water (ECW); bioimpedance analysis (BIA); malnutrition

When insonated with fundamental frequency, the ultrasound contrast microbubbles are able to produce nonlinear scattering and generate nonlinear frequencies. The nonlinear properties of these microbubbles can be used to create nonlinear imaging modality and significantly improve the diagnostic capability of medical ultrasound. This paper was a review about the current research progress of nonlinear properties of ultrasound contrast microbubbles and nonlinear imaging, especially about the nonlinear properties under different frequency, acoustic pressure and the application of nonlinear imaging. A prospect of the future research and application was finally put forward in the paper.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status quo and the tendency of utilization of antihypertensives in our hospital. METHODS: The consumptions of antihypertensives from 2001 to 2004 were analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel 2000. RESULTS: The use of antihypertensives assumed an increased tendency, of which, about 90% were included in the catalog of the Drugs of National Basic Hospitalization Insurance. Calcium antagonists, diuretics, ACEI and ?-receptor blocking agents were the basic clinical drugs. Usage of angiotensin;angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocking agents increased to a large degree year by year. CONCLUSION: The utilization structure of antihypertensives in our hospital is basically reasonable. Developing compound antihypertensive that of excellent quality and reasonable price is of great significance in the management of hypertension and its complications.

ObjectiveTo introduce a new procedure of penile lengthening which yields satisfactory outcomes and avoids persistent postoperative hydrophallus with the results of fresh body researches.MethodsIndirect intralymphatic injection and routine H-E staining were used to investigate the ramification of lymphatics of penis on fresh bodies.We found that the lymphatic return of penis was primarily mediated by dorsal and bilateral superficial lymph vessels,which converged dorsally at the root of penis and then ramified into the superior region of pubic symphysis and bilateral inguinal grooves.However,most previous incisions were done at the converging region of lymph vessels at the dorsal root of penis.It blocked most lymphatic return.Our modified method avoided interruption of lymph vessels in the converging region.Based on the results of the above investigations,the operative incision at the root of penis was shifted upward by 1.5 cm,and then the lengthened cavernous body of penis was covered by scrotal flap.ResultsEighty patients who accepted the new method achieved satisfactory outcomes.Postoperative hydrophallous decreased gradually from the 3rd day and vanished basically on the 6-7 day.ConclusionsOur modified procedure of penile lengthening reduces the damage of these vessels.Consequently,postoperative hydrophallus resolves fast and the new procedure yields high success rates,sound appearance and sensation of penis.Therefore,the new procedure is an ideal option for surgenons in clinical practice.

Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries,it accounts for a large part of global disease burden every year.Water and sanitation are closely associated with the morbidity of diarrhea.The recent researches were reviewed in this paper,and the effect of drinking water,sanitation and hygienic knowledge on diarrhea was discussed.The incidence rate of diarrhea was likely to decrease as water supply and sanitation were improved.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) for relieving aphasia among stroke survivors.Methods The Chinese BioMedical Literature database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang database,Chinese Scientific Journals full-text database,PubMed,Embase,MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for clinical randomized and controlled trials were searched for reports about the use of A-tDCS in the treatment of aphasia after stroke.The resulting reports were retrieved manually and evaluated by two independent reviewers according to pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria.The reports covered the period to November 2016.A meta-analysis was then conducted using RevMan software version 5.3.Results Seven studies covering 101 patients were selected for analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the average aphasia function score improved after A-tDCS significantly more than in the control group.Picture naming ability in stroke survivors with aphasia showed particular improvement.Only 11 patients in the 7 studies presented light adverse effects from AtDCS,always within the patients' tolerance range.Conclusion A-tDCS can significantly improve the speech of patients with aphasia after cerebral infarction.It is safe and easy to administer and is a rehabilitation technology worth popularizing and applying.Considering the limited number of articles,the conclusion remains to be further verified with randomized clinical trials of higher quality and a larger sample.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mastocytosis, Systemic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

Objective:To survey and evaluate the situation of present clinic use of antidiabetic drugs,estimate their consuming trend and discuss the rational methods in applying antidiabetic drugs.Method:The drug purchasing data during the years of 2002 to 2006 in hospitals were compared,and statistically analyzed with Microsoft Excel.Result:Ac- counting approximately 52%-72% in total antidiabetie DDDS,sulfonylureas and bigunides were most commonly used.In- sulin and?-Glycosidase inhibitors also took more than 25%-35% share in total DDDs.Some other new drugs and tradi- tional Chinese medicine were less than 10% in total DDDs.The first line of antidiabetic drugs included mefformin,gliclas- ide,acarbose,glipizide and insulin.Conclusion:Clinical application of antidiabetic drugs was reasonable in Nanjing dis- trict.The cost of diabetes patient is the main factor which will influence the application of antidiabetic drugs normatively and continuously.

AIM: To monitor the concentration of tacrolimus in whole blood in liver transplant recipients and establish an optimal therapeutic window of tacrolimus, in order to provide information for rational usage in clinic. METHODS: The whole blood concentrations of tacrolimus were measured by ELISA. The levels of tacrolimus in 1190 samples from 138 liver transplant recipients were compared and studied. RESULTS: The whole blood concentration of tacrolimus is gradually decreased with time after operation. The optimal therapeutic window of tacrolimus for liver transplant recipients was 8-15 ?g?L -1 within 1 month after operation, 6-12 ?g?L -1 from the 2nd to 3rd months, 5-10 ?g?L -1 from the 4th to 6th months and 3-8 ?g?L -1 after 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to routinely monitor blood concentration of tacrolimus. The satisfying therapeutic effects will be obtained if dosage regimens will be individualized according to optimal therapeutic window.

Objective To assess the value of color Doppler sonographic appearance and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy on confirmation of diagnosis of atypical breast cancer. Methods 12 patients suspected to be suffering from breast cancer were examined with color Doppler sonography and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, the results were then analyzed and evaluated. Results Atypical breast cancer had small tumors (diameter less than 1.5cm), rounded or lobular in shape, and regular margin without obvious spicule. The tumors presented hypoecho and there was no acoustic attenuation behind the tumors. The intensity of vascular signals could not be taken as significant evidence for positive diagnosis. Results of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was helpful for confirmation of the diagnosis. Conclusions Color Doppler sonography was important for the examination of tumor of atypical of breast cancer. The cancer could be confirmed in good time by the extended sonography and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.