Dioscin is the main ingredient of Dioscorea,a tradi-tional medical herb.Traditional theory of Chinese medicine be-lieves that Dioscorea has effects of clearing lung,digesting food, diuresis, improving blood circulation, relaxing muscles and stopping attack of malaria.Pharmacological studies have shown that dioscin has many pharmacological effects,particularly the anti-tumor effect.Many studies have also shown dioscin im-proves symptoms of atherosclerosis and protects blood vessel en-dothelium,reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart,brain and kidney,lowers blood sugar,inhibits hepatic fibrosis,im-proves menopausal osteoporosis,relieves rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory disorders,and posses-ses anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity.This article focuses on the progress of the modern pharmacological study of dioscin,and reports its advances in recent years.

Objective : To investigate the status of occupational stress, burnout, and coping styles, and to explore the moderating effects of coping styles on the relationship between occupational stress and burnout among medical staff from one tertiary first-class hospital in Hubei Province, in order to provide the basis for mental health promotion of medical staff. Methods: From June to October in 2020, using stratified cluster sampling, doctors, nurses, and medical or pharmaceutical technicians on the ratio of 2∶2∶1 were selected from the tertiary first-class hospital. Chinese version of Burnout Questionnaire, Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire were used to investigate the levels of burnout, occupational stress and coping styles. A linear stratified regression model was used to analyze the moderating effect of coping styles on the relationship between occupational stress and burnout. Results: Among 735 questionnaires issued, 679 valid ones were collected, with the response rate of 92.38%. The age of the respondents was ( 34.29±8.20 ) years old. There were 165 ( 24.30% ) males and 514 ( 75.70% ) females, including 241 ( 35.49% ) doctors, 358 ( 52.72% ) nurses and 80 (11.78%) medical or pharmaceutical technicians. The burnout score was 2.29±1.11 , and the positive rate of burnout was 44.33%; the COSS score was 47.32±8.31; the positive and negative coping style scores were 30.64±6.06 and 26.81±6.26, respectively. The linear stratified regression analysis suggested that the interactions between social support ( β=0.590, P<0.05 ), organization and reward ( β=0.523, P<0.05 ), and positive coping style were positively associated with burnout, and the interaction between organization and reward (β=-0.666, P<0.05) and negative coping style was negatively associated with burnout. Conclusions About 44.33% of medical staff investigated have burnout. Coping styles have a moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and burnout. Positive coping style helps to perceive social support and organizational support, to alleviate the adverse effects of occupational stress, and to reduce the risk of burnout.

Objective To study the influence of Rhizoma typhonii extract on the growth of glioma SHG-44 cells cultured invitro,and to explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of Rhizoma typhonii extract on the growth of glioma cells.Methods The SHG-44 cells were cultured and divided into blank control group and 8, 40, 200, 1 000μg·L-1 Rhizoma typhonii extract groups.The inhibitory effect of Rhizoma typhonii extract on the growth of glioma SHG-44 cells was measured by MTT assay. The secretion levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins were examined by ELISA assay. The expression level of caspase-3 protein was examined by Western blotting method. Results Compared with blank control group, the inhibitory rates of the growth of SHG-44 cells in 200, 1 000μg·L-1 Rhizoma typhonii extract groups at 24 h,and 8,40,200,and 1 000μg·L-1 Rhizoma typhonii extract groups at 48 h were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The secretion levels of Bax and caspase-3 proteins in 40,200,and 1 000μg· L-1 Rhizoma typhonii extract groups at 48 h were increased compared with blank control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Compared with blank control group, the expression levels of caspase-3 protein in different doses of Rhizoma typhonii extract groups were increased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Rhizoma Typhonii extract can inhibit the growth of cells through up-regulating the expression of Bax protein,increasing the expression level of caspase-3 protein and activating apoptosis pathway.

Objective:To detect immunological effects of procyanidin ,gastrodin,baicalein and apigenin on antigen presenting cells of RAW264.7 and DC2.4 and search for new tumor vaccine adjuvant.Methods: After different concentrations of four kinds of Chinese herbal monomer and LPS were used to stimulate RAW 264.7 or DC2.4 cells for 48 hours,cells were obtained and stained with CD80,CD86,MHCⅠand MHCⅡ antibody.Then protein expression levels of CD80,CD86,MHCⅠ and MHCⅡ on RAW264.7 and DC2.4 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Results showed that after 48 hours stimulated with different concentrations of four kinds of Chinese herbal monomer on RAW 264.7 or DC2.4 cells,the expression levels of CD80,CD86,MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ were all up-regulated in comparison with control , procyanidin and baicalein exhibited stronger immunological stimulating activity on a cellular level.Conclusion:Procyanidin and baicalein were found having potential application value in clinical treatment as tumor vaccine adju -vants.

Non-coding RNAs ( ncRNA ), including ribosomal RNA( rRNA), transfer RNA( tRNA), MicroRNA ( miRNA), long noncoding RNA(lncRNA) and small nucleolar RNA(snoR-NA), are a class of RNA that have multiple functions and are not translated to proteins. MicroRNA and lncRNA are involved in the injury, remodeling and aging of blood vessels, and it is necessary to understand the regulatory roles of MicroRNA and lncRNA in these processes. It is reported that MicroRNA and lncRNA are not only participated in the regulation of oxidative response, inflammation, cell proliferation and migration, and phenotype transition, they are also involved in the regulation of gene expression by conducting different mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification and chromatin remodeling. These aspects of regulation by MicroRNA and lncRNA are related to cardiovascular diseases, such as ath-erosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, pul-monary hypertension and diabetes, and thus provide a new way for genetic diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective Through the investigating the molecular expressions of integrin?_5?_1,Fn and CD_(44v6) in ovarian epithelial neoplasms,this study is trying to explore the relationship between the lymphatic spread of the tumor with these molecules.Methods The expression of 80 cases of integrin?_5?_1,Fn and CD_(44v6) was examined through ElivisionTM immunohistochemistry method in ovarian epithelial neoplasm.The system of image analysis was used to measure the expression of various molecules quantitatively.Results Qualitative and semi-quantitative results:The expression levels of integrin?_5?_1 and Fn in the ovarian epithe- lial neoplasms had downward tendency in the order of benign,boundary and malignant neoplasms and there was a significant difference in the expression levels of integrin?_5?_1 and Fn(P

AIM: To evaluate the effects induced by topical antiglaucomatous drugs, Travoprost eyedrops on tear film.
METHODS: Eighteen patients ( 32 eyes ) with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were all treated with Travoprost eyedrops once every night. The symptom score, Schirmer's test ( S Ⅰ t ) , corneal fluorescein staining ( FL ) , tear film break - up time (BUT), were observed before the treatment and 1, 2 and 3mo after the treatment.
RESULTS: The average symptom score, FL of all patients were 1. 34 ± 1. 56 and 0. 44 ± 0. 73 before the treatment, and 2. 75±1. 63, 1. 08±0. 84; 5. 10±1. 68, 1. 53±0-67;6. 33±1. 40, 1. 98±0. 50 respectively after 1, 2 and 3mo of the treatment. There was significant increase in symptom score and FL after the treatment for 1, 2 and 3mo (P=0. 00). The average BUT, SⅠt of all patients were (7. 76±0. 92s), (8. 47±2. 73mm/5min) before the treatment, and (7. 08±1. 15s), (7. 73±3. 44mm/5min);(5-59±1. 33s), (6. 82±3. 05mm/5min); (4. 29±1. 87s), (6-04±3. 15mm/5min) respectively after 1, 2 and 3mo of the treatment. There was significant decrease in BUT and ST after the treatment for 1, 2 and 3mo (P=0. 00).
CONCLUSION: Travoprost eyedrops can obviously aggravate patients’ corneal irritation after treatment. Our results show abnormal decreased tear secretion and stability of tear film induced by Travoprost eyedrops over the short term.

When senescence induction is based on DNA damage, senescent cells display a unique phenotype, which has been termed “senescence-associated secretory phenotype”( SASP ) . SASP, including proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, matrix remodeling enzymes and other cytokines, may be an important driver of chronic inflammation and therefore may be part of a vicious cycle of inflammation, DNA damage and senescence. Senescence-associated secretory products released by such cells can affect the neighboring cells and further exacer-bate their regenerative capacity. SASP is associated with many chronic age-related diseases.

BACKGROUND: Forest frog is a rare medicinal animal in China, but the skin of forest frog is waste after Oviductus Ranae production. The forest frog skin is rich of collagen, and is large in quantity without pollution and disease risk. So the forest frog skin has potential to be developed into collagen sponge; however, there is no research on collagen sponge preparation as yet.OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation of collagen sponge from forest frog skin, and to investigate the physical properties and in vitro cell compatibility.METHODS: Chitosan and glutaraldehyde were used to modify collagen sponge from forest frog skin. Chitosan/collagen (w/w) (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) and glutaraldehyde concentration (1%, 1.5% and 2%) were selected as the experimental factors.The significant water absorbency, mechanical properties and thermal denaturation temperature were chosen as the indexes. Using the orthogonal experimental design, we optimized collagen sponge preparation process. We also investigated the in vitro cell compatibility and surface morphology of the collagen sponge. The nine kinds of collagen sponges from forest frog skins were co-cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts to detect cell proliferation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the chitosan/collagen was 1:1 and the glutaraldehyde concentration was 1%, we could get the collagen sponge with ideal water absorbency (water absorption capacity=5.22), mechanical properties (elongation at break=10.96%) and thermal denaturation temperature (81.24 ℃). The aperture of the forest frog skin collagen sponge was 200-400 μm, and the pores were consistent in the size and arranged regularly. Except the chitosan/collagen of 1:4 and the glutaraldehyde concentration of 1% or 5%, all kinds of forest frog skin collagen sponges could promote the viability of human foreskin fibroblasts and exerted benefits to cell viability and growth. To conclude,the forest frog skin collagen sponge has good biocompatibility and apparent morphology, in aggreement with the requirements of biological materials.

Objective: To investigate the causal relationship between antioxidant nutrients and pregnancy complications, so as to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications. Methods: Data of seven antioxidant nutrients including vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper and iron were collected from genome-wide association study (GWAS) Catalog database, and data of four pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortion and preterm birth were collected from the Finland database. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were collected, and 27 SNPS strongly correlated with seven antioxidant nutrients were selected as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with seven antioxidant nutrients as exposures factors and four pregnancy complications as outcome variables. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q test, the horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using the MR-PRESSO test and MR-Egger regression, and the robustness of the results was verified with the leave-one-out. Results: Cochran's Q test showed heterogeneity of MR results between vitamin C and gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and preterm birth, between vitamin E and iron and gestational diabetes (all P<0.05), and a random effect model was employed. There was no heterogeneity in other results (all P>0.05), and a fixed effect model was employed. MR analysis results showed that there was no causal association between seven antioxidant nutrients and the risk of four pregnancy complications (all P>0.05). MR-PRESSO test and the MR-Egger regression identified no horizontal pleiotropy of instrumental variables (both P>0.05). Conclusion This study did not find genetically predicted associations of antioxidant nutrients with pregnancy complications.