The strength model of self-control suggests that the exertion of self-control depends on a limited resource. Intervention studies over the years have aimed to improve participants'self-control via increasing their ca-pacity for the resource or decreasing their consumption of it. We conducted a review of the literature to provide summarized updates on the advances made in the intervention studies that have been conducted based on the strength model. The findings suggest that various behavior-training methods can build greater capacity for self-con-trol resource. Meanwhile,several behavior-training methods,mindfulness,and ingestion of glucose may also effec-tively slow down or enhance the recovery of ego-depletion. Future studies may further explore the mechanisms through which the behavior-training exert its positive influence. Similarly,to improve the ecological validity,it is recommended that future studies pay more attention to a wide range of self-control tasks. Qualitative studies are also wanted. Additionally,to improvethe daily life applications of the various intervention techniques,these sorts of stud-ies have the propensity to improve the practical significance of the strength model of self-control.

Stem cell therapy provides immense hope for restoring the impaired cardiomyocytes .However, it has been debated on the effectiveness , mechanisms , and survival of the donated cell population in the ischemic myocardial milieu .Protective paracrine effect of stem cells on cardiomyocytes gradually arose great attentions .Exosomes , as typical representative of paracrine effect of stem cells, are 30-100 nm in size and tiny microvesicles released by cells in response to different physiological states , and enriched in pro-teins, messenger RNAs, and miRs characteristic of parental stem cells , represent great potential for treating cardiovascular diseases . Recent studies show that exosomes from different kinds of stem cells can effectively promote cardiac function by means of promoting the donated cell survival , proliferation and angiogenesis in the ischemia heart .The aim of this review is to summarize current research ef-forts on exosomes from different kinds of stem cells , including their potential mechanism to develop a potentially viable therapy for the treatment of impaired cardiomyocytes via promoting cardiomyocytes survival , proliferation and angiogenesis;inhibiting inflammatory re-sponse and cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction .

Forty rats were selected for the experiment, which were divided into three groups including experimental ulcer group, normal saline and normal control groups. The pancreatic tissue were prepared for immunohistochemical staining at 6th, 10th, 14th, and 21st day after operation. Sternberger's PAP method was used to show the glucagon cell (A cell) and insulin cell (B cell) in order to observe their changes during the experimental peptic ulcer. In normal control group, the percentage of A cells is 23.31?1.91 (X?SD) and that of B cells is 73.1?4.01. But in experimental ulcer group, the A cell percentage is raised up to 42.6?5.59 and the B cell percentage is lowered down to 57.5?4.55 on the 10th day after operation. Comparing with normal saline group and normal group their differences show statistical outstanding differences. The result may point out that both A and B cells of pancreatic islet take part in the body's natural resistance against the disease, especially A cells.

Sixty five adult male rats were selected for the experiment. The rats were divided into three groups. Peptic ulcer was induced in the experimental group by means of injection of acetic acid to the submucosa of the stomach. Animals of the control group were injected with normal saline instead. Another control group consisted of normal rats without any treatment. All rats were killed at different time intervals (2-28 d) after the operation. The pancreas tissues were prepared for enzyme histochemical study. The results were observed as follows: Two to four days after the peptic ulcer operation, in the pancreatic A-cells, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (A1P) decreased and 5-nucleotidase (5-Nase) activity increased. A1P, adenosinc triphosphatase(ATPase),succinic and lactic dehydrogenases(SDH, LDH), glucose-6-phosphate and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases(G-6-PD,orGPD)acuvities were rasied in varying degrees and returned to normal level after 28 days of the operation. In the pancreatic B-cells, during the early stage of the peptic ulcer, acid phosphatase (AcP) and 5-Nase activities increased and ATPase activity declined. But after four days, AcP, 5-Nase, SDH and LDH activities declined, then began to recover and returned to normal level after twenty one days of the operation. In the normal saline operation control group, the changes of A- and B-cells, two to four days after the operation were the same as in the peptic ulcer group and returned to normal level during the period of six to ten days. The above histochemical changes showed that the pancreatic A- and B-cells played a certain role in the recovery of the experimental peptic ulcer.

ObjectiveTo study the missing items in questionnaire cfidentification for TCM constitution.MethodsThe questionnaires were regarded as study objects,which were independently finished by 1322 participants in Changfeng community who were over 45 years and agreed to participate in.The data'was analyzed by SPSS.ResultsMissing items were found in the questionnaires,with a missing rate of 33.74％ on an overall basis.No statistic difference was noted between male and female (x2=0.67,P＞0.05).The rate of missing items increased as participants' age climbing up to the age of 80,and then decreased.Groups characterized with age and gender showed difference in missing items.89.69％ of the incomplete questionnaires had less than 3 missing items,which concentrated in some specific items.ConclusionAttention should be addressed to the fact that missing items were found in questionnaircs of identification for TCM constitution finished independently by residents.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; Melanosis ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate

Objective To analyze the present situation about early screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip( DDH) of infants in Shapingba district of Chongqing,and to explore the methods to improve the rate of diagnosis about DDH. Methods A total of 2 066 infants among 0~6 months old living in Shapingba district of Chongqing,were examined with clinical and ultrasound method on hip. Results Six infants with DDH were discovered among the 2 066 infants,which was more common in the female baby. The deficiency of hospital in which can exam hip with ultrasound method and the deficiency about DDH were the significant factors affecting the low detection rate. Conclusion Necessary measure must be taken to improve the low detection rate of DDH.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among patients with cervical carcinoma or precancerous lesions in Xuzhou region. Methods 688 patients with cervical lesions confirmed by colposcopic biopsy were assigned to three groups:low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (187 cases), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (359 cases) and cervical carcinoma (142 cases). The genotypes of HPV were determined by nucleic acid hybridization technique. The prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV were further analyzed. Results The infection rates of HPV in LSIL , HSIL and ICC group were 68.98 % (129/187), 94.99 % (341/359), 95.78 % (136/142), respectively. These rates were statistically significant different (P< 0.05). With the aggravation of cervical lesions, HR-HPV infection rate was gradually increased and LR-HPV infection rate was gradually decreased. The most common HPV types were listed below in order of decreasing prevalence. LSIL:HPV16, 52, 58, 18, 31; HSIL: HPV16, 58, 33, 31, 52; cervical carcinoma: HPV16, 31, 58, 18, 33. Based on the cumulative logistic regression model, confidence intervals of the relevance between the overall HPV prevalence and occurrence of cervical lesions were calculated: HPV16 (OR= 7.215, P< 0.05), HPV31 (OR=2.768, P<0.05), HPV33 (OR=1.846, P<0.05), HPV58 (OR=1.726, P<0.05) Conclusions The prevalence of HR-HPV infections increased with the aggravation of cervical carcinoma in Xuzhou region. In order of decreasing prevalence, the most prevalent of HPV types are HPV16, 31, 33, 58. The results indicate that HPV18 have strong tumorigenicity, but is not popular in Xuzhou region. By contrast HPV52 is more common in LSIL than that in cervical carcinoma.

We observed the effects of 10-hydroxy-decenoic acid ( 10-HDA ) extracted from royal jelly on the immune function of mice. It was showed that after ig or ip administration of 10-HDA, the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages to cock red blood cells was inhibited. Although the count of lymphocytes in mouse peripheral blood was not changed after administration of 10-HDA, the in vivo lymphocyte tran- sformation of mice induced by PHA was significantly enhanced. It was also showed in our experiment that after 7d administration of 10-HDA, the content of vitamin C in adrenal glands of mice was significantly increased ( same as after ACTH administration ) . The results of our experiments indicated that 10-HDA has the inhibiting effect on immune function of mice and this effect may be related to enhancing adrenal cortex function.