BACKGROUND:Spleen deficiency has varying impact on the immune system and digestive system of the human body, and can also damage the normal function of the central nervous system as there is a close relationship between the spleen and brain.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cels in the rat hippocampus of spleen deficiency syndrome.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal, control and electroacupuncture groups. The animal model of spleen deficiency syndrome was prepared in the control group and electroacupuncture group. Two weeks after modeling, rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture treatment, and the changes of body mass in normal rats and model rats were measured. Five rats from each group were taken to observe the histological changes of neural stem cels in the hippocampus at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The body mass of rats in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group at 2 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). In the electroacupuncture group, the number of BrdU positive cels was significantly higher than that in the normal group and control group at 2, 3, 4 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05); the number of BrdU/Nestin positive cels was significantly higher than that in the normal group at 2, 3, 4 weeks (P < 0.05); the number of BrdU/glial fibrilary acidic protein positive cels was significantly higher than that in the normal group at 2 weeks (P < 0.05); and the number of BrdU/neuronspecific enolase positive cels was significantly higher than the normal group at 3 weeks (P < 0.05). In the control group, the number of BrdU/Nestin positive cels was significantly lower than that in the normal group and electroacupuncture group at 1 week after modeling, significantly lower than that in the electroacupuncture group at 2 and 4 weeks, and significantly lower than the normal group at 3 weeks (P < 0.05); the number of BrdU/glial fibrilary acidic protein positive cels was significantly lower than that in the normal group and electroacupuncture group at 1, 2, 4 weeks; and the number of BrdU/neuronspecific enolase positive cels was significantly lower than that in the normal group and electroacupuncture group at 1, 2 weeks. Taken together, these experimental findings show that electroacupuncture treatment effectively promotes the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cels that are induced to differentiate into astrocytes and neurons.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive function impairment in patients with epilepsy. Methods Forty-five epilepsy patients and twenty age-,gender-,and education-matched healthy controls were submitted to a wide neuropsychological battery,including Raven's standard progressive matrices,auditory verbal memory test,logical memory test,visual memory test,Stroop color words test,trail making test,verbal fluency test,Boston naming test,math and complex figure test,etc. Results The epilepsy patients performed significantly worse than the controls in the verbal delayed memory,verbal short memory,cued recall,immediated recall of logical memory test,visual spatial memory,attention,information processing speed test,word finding difficulty and logical reasoning.Conclusion There exists impairment in various cognitive domains in patients with epilepsy,and the main impaired areas are memory,executive functions and logical reasoning.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn method for the study of impurity profile of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets. METHODS: Agilent 1100 LC/MSD Trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used, and the column was Shim pack CLC-ODS RP18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A was 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 6.0), and the mobile phase B was 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (20∶80) (pH adjusted to 6.0). Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. ESI source was used. Positive and negative ion scan was conducted with a scanning range of m/z 100-1 500. The nebulizing pressure was 275.8 kPa, dry gas flow was 9 L·min-1, and post-column diversion ratio was 1∶5. Some related substances were identified by comparing the retention time in the chromatography, [M+H]+ spectrum and MS2 spectrum with those of the reference substances, while the others which do not have reference substances were deduced or speculated by analyzing the MS2 or MSn fragmentation with the help of a rule summarized from the MS2 fragmentation of amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and system suitability impurity reference substances. RESULTS: A total of 15 related substances were separated and characterized including nine known impurities like amoxicilloic acid, amoxicillin dimer, etc. and six unknown impurities. CONCLUSION: The method can be applied in the identification and qualitative analysis of the related substances in amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets and is helpful for the quality control and optimization of the synthetic process.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fractures can be generaly treated by surgical treatment. Along with deep research on the biomechanics of the proximal femur, proximal femoral locking compression plate appears recently. The locking plate fixation is not strong, can reduce the local stress shielding, and maintain optimal system stability, but fracture fixation failure often occurs due to the inappropriate choice of nail plate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of digital orthopedics technology in preoperative planning in locking plate fixation for intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS: Forty intertrochanteric fracture patients receiving CT tomography femur upper segment were selected and divided into two groups. In the conventional group, after reading X-ray films and CT images, patients received locking plate fixation. In the computer planning group, before repair, fracture model was established using Mimics software to segment fracture fragments, simulate operation reset and 3-matic software was used to reconstruct locking plate and screws. Locking plate was assembled with Mimics to obtain the best plate position, best screw angle and screw length. Proximal femoral locking compression plate fixation was performed. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and fracture healing time were compared in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional models of proximal femur were reconstructed, and a series of data were obtained. The optimal position of each plate was obtained from each patient. The screw length was predicted, so preoperative operation planning was realized. Al patients were folowed up for 6-20 months. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, and blood loss were significantly less in the computer planning group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in fracture healing time was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that digital orthopedics technology used in intertrochanteric fracture can simulate the locking plate position, determine the screw placement angle and length of the screw in advance, and reduce fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and screw position misalignment.

Objective To investigate the healthcare-associated infection(HAI) status, common infection sites, and antimicrobial use in a county hospital in 2011-2015.Methods With combination of bedside survey and case history reviewing, HAI among all hospitalized patients at 0:00-24:00 on April 26, 2011, April 25, 2012, May 14, 2013, September 9, 2014, and August 12, 2015 were surveyed, survey data were analyzed by software SPSS17.0.Results A total of 5 165 patients participated in 5 surveys of HAI prevalence rate, 132 patients had 138 cases of HAI, prevalence rate and case prevalence rate were 2.56％ and 2.67％ respectively.Intensive care unit had the highest average HAI prevalence rate(22.58％).Lower respiratory tract was the main HAI site (58.70％), followed by urinary tract (12.32％), upper respiratory tract (10.14％), and skin soft tissue(5.07％).A total of 45 strains of pathogens were isolated, mainly gram-negative bacteria (n=30, 66.67％).The total usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 45.27％, in 5 prevalence surveys were 61.48％, 43.89％, 37.81％, 39.43％, and 44.79％ respectively.The main purpose of antimicrobial use was therapy (including therapy + prevention), accounting for 78.27％;monotherapy accounted for 81.27％.Conclusion Through prevalence rate survey for 5 consecutive years, HAI management departments can be more comprehensively understand HAI in key departments, key patients, key sites of HAI, and antimicrobial use in this hospital, and provide basis for the formulation and implementation of HAI prevention and control measures according to the actual situation of the hospital.

AIM: To investigate the potential role of angiopoietin-2 in the rats model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10): control group; in LPS groups, rats were divided into three subgroups, treated with different dosage of LPS (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg). ALI model was established by intravenous injection with LPS, while control group was with NS. The lung histopathology change was observed by HE stain. Western blot was used to measure the expression of Ang-2 in serum. RESULTS: Histologically, alveolar edema, hemorhag, and massive inflammatory cell, infiltration were observed in LPS groups, but not in control group. The pathological score in LPS groups were significantly higher than that in NS group. Compared with 2 mg/kg LPS group, the pathological score in 4 mg/kg LPS group was significantly higher. While the pathological score in 8 mg/kg LPS group was higher than those in other LPS groups. The expression of Ang-2 protein in plasma was significantly higher in LPS groups, but weak in control group. Compared with 2 mg/kg LPS group, the expression of Ang-2 protein in 4 mg/kg LPS group was significantly higher. While the expression of Ang-2 protein in 8 mg/kg LPS group was higher than those in other LPS groups.The expression of Ang-2 protein in plasma were significantly positively correlated with the pathological score (r=0.862, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ang-2 could participate the pathological course in the rats model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. The expression of Ang-2 protein in serum was significantly positively correlated with the extent lung injury.

Objective To analyze the etiology and clinical feature of pi t uitary apoplexy.Methods The clinical data from 18 cases of pitui tary apoplexy were analyzed retrospectively.Results Main symptom s were headache in 12 cases and decreased visual acuity in 12 cases.Positive si ghs were temporal hemianopisia in 6 cases,unequal pupil in 3 cases,oculomotor ne rve(Ⅲ) paralysis in 2 cases and abducent nerve (Ⅵ) paralysis in 2 cases.Imagin g examinations showed CT positive finding in 4 cases and MRI positive finding in 6 cases.Tumor diameter was longer than 2 cm in 13 cases and less than 2 cm in 5 cases.Chromophobe pituitary tumor was found in 11 cases.All cases received surg ical operation.Conclusion Clinical features of pituitary tumor a poplexy are atypical,of which headache and visual acuity decrease are the main s ymptoms.Most cases occur suddenly or primary symptoms are deteriorated suddenly. CT and MRI positive findings are helpful for diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodology of percutaneous transluminal stenting for stenosis of internal carotid artery(ICA).Methods83 patients with ICA stenosis greater than 85% received antiplatelate therapy perioperatively, and underwent cerebral vascular angiography as well as cervical Doppler sonography. Four kinds of stents were used with or without predilation.ResultsThere were not procedure related morbidities. All procedures were successful based on angiography. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) restored to normal or significantly improved. Symptoms disappeared in 56 cases and ameliorated in 27 cases. Follow up by angiography and sonography at 3 to 24 months showed no distortion of stents and restenosis. ConclusionsPercutaneous transluminal stenting combined with perioperative medical therapy is a safe therapeutic method for stenosis of internal carotid artery.

Background Deficiency of neurotrophic factor is associated with the damage of optic nerve in glaucoma.Reaserches showed that ectopically applied neurotrophic factor has a transient neuroprotective effect in glaucoma model,and the viral expression of adeno-associated neurotrophie factor may provide long-term supplementation of neurotrophic factor and neuroprotection in tissues.Objective The present study Was to investigate the neuroproteetive effect of adeno-associated viral(AAV)-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in DBA/2J mice with experimental glaucoma. Methods 10 clean DBA/2J mice were administered intravitreal injection with 1 microliter of AAV-BDNF-GFP in the left eyes at the age of 6 months,and the right eyes were injected with the same volume of saline solution as control.Intraocular pressure (IOP)was measured with Tonolab in the mice every month.Retinas were obtained after 3 months for the investigation of GFP expression in RGCs using fluorescence microscopy.Immunohistochemistry Was performed by applying TUJ1 and Cy3 antibodies to identify surviving RGCs. Results The IOP of DBA/2J mice were 11.90 mmHg and 11.40 mmHg in the right eyes and left eyes,respectively,at 4 months.The IOP of DBA/2J mice began to rise at 5 months and reached its peak in 8 month-old mice.There was no statistically significant difference in IOPs between the right eyes and the left eyes from 4 month-through 9 month-old mice(t=-1.78-0.61,P=0.11-0.90).Three months after intrlavitreal injection of AAV-BDNF-GFP,GFP was positively expressed in RGCs of retinas with the expression rate of 46.33%±8.08%.The over-expression of BDNF led to more RGCs survival than the control eyes (3168.13±1319.33/mm2 vs 2024.81±796.38/mm2,t=2.75,P=0.02). Conclusion These data suggest that BDNF can exert a protective effect in DBA/2J glaucoma mice.

To investigate the relationship between plasma level of homocysteine(Hcy) and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polyroorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In a case-control study, plasma levels of Hcy, folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (VitB12), glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in 159 T2DM patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver ( NAFL), as well as 52 normal controls. Mutation of the C677T of MTHFR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for all of them. Results Patients of T2DM both without NAFL (96 case) and with NAFL had higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) (49% and 21%, respectively ) than normal controls did (4 cases, 8% ) (P<0.05), while patients of T2DM with NAFL had higher prevalence of Hhcy than those without it did (P <0. 05). Plasma level of Hey positively correlated to genotype frequency of the MTHFR gene, plasma 0levels of HbAlc and FBG in patients of T2DM, with coefficients of correlation of 0.248, 0.423 and 0.242, respectively (P < 0.05). Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that course of the disease, body mass index, plasma levels of FBG and Hcy all were independent risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver in patients with T2DM. Conclusions Hhey was an independent risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver and plasma level of Hey was influenced by frequency of the TT genotype of the MTHFR gene, plasma levels of FA and VitB12, as well as metabolic disturbance in patients with T2DM.