MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small non-protein-coding RNAs, approximately 18 to 25 nt long. MicroRNAs can act as endogenous RNA interference. MicroRNAs can posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of hundreds of their target genes, controlling a wide range of biological functions such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. MicroRNAs can posttranscdptionally regulate the expression of genes by hybridizing to complementary sequences in 3' UTR (3' untranslated region) of target messenger RNA (mRNA), repressing the translation of mRNA or increasing the instability of mRNA. A number of miRNAs are mapped to cancer-associated fragile regions (FRAs) as well as in minimal regions of loss of heterozygosity, minimal regions of amplification, or common breakpoint regions in the genome, suggesting that miRNAs might be involved in tumorigenesis. Many miRNAs are up or down-regulated in cancers as potential oncogene or tumor suppressors. It has been considered that the mutation of a series of oncogene or anti-oncogene gradually causes tumorigenesis. The conventional points of view were changed with the finding of non-protein-coding RNAs. MiRNA as members of non-protein-coding RNAs may play an important role in regulating tumor formation. Recent studies have in-vestigated the relationship of miRNAs with neoplasia, development, treatment and prognosis. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths all over the world. Its etiology is primarily genetic and epigenetic damage caused by tobacco smoke. Systematic analysis of RNA and protein expression levels of thousands of genes has also contributed to defining the molecular net work of lung carcinogenesis. MiRNAs are closely related to lung cancer and play an important part in the diagnosis, therapy, surveillance and prognosis of lung cancer. We reviewed some miRNAs closely associated with lung cancer such as miRNA-126, miRNA-221, miRNA-222, has-mir-221, a polycistronic microRNA cluster miR-17-92, miRNA-128b, has-mir-137, has-mir-182, has-mir-372 and miRNA let-7. We summarized the roles of miRNAs in the genetic susceptibility, invasion or metastasis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of lung cancer.

0.05).DBP and DEHP obviously induced a decrease in organ body weight ratios of testis and epididymis and an increase in organ body weights ratios of liver.Obvious decrease in the sperm counts,spermatozoon survival rate and significant increase in the rate of the sperm deformation were observed.There was synergism between DBP and DEHP on the testis,epididymis and liver organ body weight ratio,as well as sperm counts,sperm survival and deformation rates.Pathological examination showed the seminiferous tubules were irregular shape,degenerative atrophy and interstitial substance broadening,and the seminiferous epithelium were degeneration.Epididymis epithelium was damaged and few of mature sperm was seen.Conclusion DBP combined with DEHP can cause obvious toxic effects on reproductive function in male rats.DBP and DEHP mixture can strongly affect the sperm quantity and quality.Also,some toxic effects to epididymis are observed.

Objective To study the combined toxic effects of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP)on sex hormone and lipid peroxidation in male rats.Methods According to 2?2 factorial analysis,thirty-two healthy and clean adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,including a control group(given coin oil) and three experimental groups:DBP(1/20 LD50,1.0 g/kg,dissolved in coin oil),DEHP(1/20 LD50,1.7 g/kg,dissolved in coin oil) and DBP+DEHP(1.0 g/kg + 1.7 g/kg,dissolved in coin oil),8 rats in each group,through gavage,once a day,for 8 consecutive weeks.The spectrophotometric method was used to measure the activity of lipid peroxidation SOD,GSH and GSH-Px level in testis homogenate.The activities of ACP,AKP and ?-GT were assessed in testis homogenate.Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the testosterone,LH and FSH levels in the serum.Results There was synergism between DBP and DEHP on the SOD activity in testicle and testosterone level in serum,and there was antagonism between DBP and DEHP on the ?-GT and ACP activity in testicle,as well as the FSH level in serum.Conclusion DBP combined with DEHP can cause obvious toxic effects on reproductive function in male rats.The change of testosterone biosynthetic enzymes and the levels of T in serum and disordered physiologic balances of hypothalamic-pituitarytestis axis may be key factors contributing to the decrease of testosterone,then the decrease of reproductive function in male rats.

Diphosphonates ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Osteonecrosis ; chemically induced

0.05), and the change of kidney tissue morphology of groups C, D, E was little. Conclusion Xiaojiyinzi, chief or adjuvant herbs in Xiaojiyinzi can reduce the nephrotoxicity of caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis.

Objective To investigate the role of prokinetic agent itopride in colonic preparation before colonoscopy examination in patients with constipation.Methods A total of 115 outpatients with history of chronic constipation who requested colonoscopy were collected.According to colonic preparation proposal,patients were divided into three groups.Group A (39 cases) took standard dosage of PEG-E solution six hours before colonoscopy examination.Group B (38 cases) took 150 mg itopride 30 minutes before administration of lavage solution.Group C (38 cases) took itopride 150 mg at 7 am,12 am and 8 pm the day before the examination and on the examination day took the same medicine as that of group B.The blood pressure,heart rate and blood electrolytes were monitored before and after taking medicine in the patients of three groups.Quality of colon cleansing of each group was observed and side effects were also observed.One-way analysis of variance (least significant difference,LSD) test was performed for pairwise comparisons among the three groups.Chi-square test was applied for count data.Results Both group A and group B excluded one patient because of malignant carcinoma with colon stricture under colonoscopy,and 113 patients completed the whole colon examination.There was no significant difference in the baseline patients' data of three groups.The colon cleaning score of group C (7.28±1.11) was higher than those of group A and B (6.55±1.18 and 6.51±1.16,LSD test,both P＜0.05).The frequency of bowel movements defecation of group C (8.31± 1.32) was more than those of group A and group B (7.11± 1.41 and 6.94± 1.51,LSD,test,both P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in terms of intestinal bubble scores,blood pressure,heart rate,blood electrolytes the uncomfortable degree of colonic preparation and rate of side effects of the three groups.Conclusion The colonic preparation can be safely and effectively improved by taking high dose of itopride one day before and on the day of colonoscopy examination.

Objective:To study expression of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 3 (CTRP‐3 ) in obese patients and its significance .Methods :A total of 402 obese patients were enrolled as obesity group and 405 normal people undergoing physical examination were regarded as normal control group . The correlation among CTRP‐3 level and related indexes were analyzed ,and multi-factor regression analysis was used to study independent risk factors for obesity .Results:Compared with normal control group ,there were significant rise in body mass index (BMI) ,homeostasis model -insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ,levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,total cholesterol (TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,triglyceride (TG) ,fasting blood glucose (FBG) ,insulin ,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) ,and significant reductions in levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,adiponectin (APN) ,leptin and CTRP‐3 in obesity group , P<0.05 or <0.01 . Spearman correlation analysis indicated that after age and gender correction ,CTRP‐3 level was significant inversely correlated with BMI (r= -0.221) ,SBP (r= -0.031) ,DBP (r= -0.043) ,TC (r= -0.147) , LDL‐C (r= -0.051) ,TG (r= -0.743) ,FBG (r= -0.238) ,insulin (r= -0.053) ,HOMA -IR (r= -0.281) , HbA1c (r= -0.741) and hsCRP levels (r= -0.216) ,P<0.05 or <0.01 ,and significant positively correlated with lev‐els of HDL‐C (r=0.351) ,APN (r= 0.852) and leptin (r=0.641) ,P<0.05 all .Multi-factor regression analysis indi‐cated that after correcting other influencing factors ,compared with high tertile CTRP‐3 group ,there were significant rise in OR value in middle tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=6.47 ,95% CI 3.58 -12.18) and low tertile CTRP‐3 group (OR=12.39 ,95% CI 3.58-29.15) , P<0.01 all .Conclusion:CTRP‐3 level is significantly correlated with obesity -related fac‐tors ,and it′s an independent risk factor for obesity .

Objective:To study expression of complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP-3)in patients with hypertension and its significance.Methods:A total of 562 patients with hypertension were enrolled as hypertension group,and 570 normal subjects undergoing physical examination were regarded as normal control group. General data,plasma levels of adiponectin (APN),leptin and CTRP-3 etc. were measured and compared be- tween two groups. Correlation among CTRP-3 level and related factors of hypertension were analyzed. Results:Compared with normal control group,there were significant reductions in plasma levels of APN [(12.1±0.4)μg/ml vs. (7.3±0.5)μg/ml],leptin [(10.1±0.4)ng/ml vs. (6.2±0.8)ng/ml]and CTRP-3 [(429±15)ng/ml vs. (314±13)ng/ml]in hypertension group,P<0.05 all. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that after correcting age and gender,plasma CTRP-3 level was significant inversely correlated with body mass index,systolic blood pres- sure,diastolic blood pressure,waist circumference,waist hip ratio,levels of total cholesterol,low density lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride,fasting blood glucose,insulin,homeostasis model-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),glycosylated hemoglobin,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)(r=-0.852~-0.011,P<0.05 or <0.01),and significant positively correlated with levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), APN and leptin (r=0.654~0.962,P<0.05 all). Multi-factor regression analysis indicated that compared with high tertile CTRP-3 group,the OR=14.17 (95%CI:3.62~28.34),P=0.001 in low tertile CTRP-3 group,sug- gesting that low plasma CTRP-3 level was independent risk factor for hypertension.Conclusion:Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 level significantly correlated with hypertension,and it's an independent risk factor for hypertension.

Objective:To coat sirolimus ( SRL) dropping pills with a membrane to enhance the ability of moisture proof. Meth-ods:Opadry was chosen as the coating material. The solvent, concentration and weight gain of the coating membrane were defined, and the coating parameters were screened. The critical relative humidity ( CRH%) of membrane-coating SRL dropping pills was detec-ted and compared with that of SRL dropping pills without coating. Results: The formula and coating parameters of membrane-coating SRL dropping pills were as follows:95% ethanol was used as the solvent, Opadry concentration was 6. 5%, the weigh gain was 4%, the inlet air temperature was (35 ± 2)℃, the inlet fluid rate was 12 ml·min-1 and the spraying pressure was 3. 0 MPa. The CRH%of memebrane-coating SRLs dropping pills was 63. 1%, which was much higher than that of uncoated SRL dropping pills (36. 1%). Conclusion:The membrane-coating can enhance the moisture proof of SRL dropping pills, which is beneficial to the stability.

Objective To study transmission characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )clone and clinical features of infected patients in a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU),so as to guide the effective pre-vention and control of A.baumannii transmission.Methods 40 A.baumannii strains isolated from RICU patients were performed homology analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and cluster analysis,relationship of strains was determined,antimicrobial resistance and clinical data were analyzed.Results 40 A.baumannii strains were divided into 11 genotypes(A-K),the main epidemic strains were type A,B and E.The resistant rate to imipen-em was the lowest(70.00%),the next was levofloxacin (77.50%).The average age of 40 infected patients was 67 years old,the average length of hospital stay was 41 days,12 patients died because of invalid treatment.There was overlapping hospitalization among patients infected with type A and E strains;among patients infected with type B strain,there was no overlapping hospitalization among the last 6 and first 6 infected patients.Conclusion The main epidemic strains of A.baumannii were type A,B and E,antimicrobial resistant rate is high;the infected patients are with high average age and long length of hospital stay.It is important to reduce the transmission of A.baumannii through rational use of antimicrobial agents,strict aseptic operation,and intensified disinfection and sterilization of hospital environment and medical devices.