Objective To establish a method for determining cinnamaldehyde in Zegui Longshuang Capsules. Methods A C18 column was used with Acetonitrile-Water (30∶70) as the mobile phase,and the detection wavelength was at 290 nm. Results The calibration curve of cinnamaldehyde was linear from 0.010 ?g to 0.507 ?g,and r=0.999 9. The average recovery was 98.55 %with RSD being 2.06 %. Conclusion This method is proved to be accurate and reliable,and can be used to control the quality of Zegui Longshuang Capsules.

Objective To analyze the infection among nursing staff after occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and status of HIV-infected nursing staff,provide basis for prevention of HIV infection among nursing staff.Methods Nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure in a hospital between January 2004 and June 2015,nurses with positive anti-HIV and admitted to this hospital,consulted in outpatient department,as well as consulted outside this hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were and analyzed,HIV infection status among nurse's mate was also analyzed.Results 76 nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure didn't infect with HIV after received standard treatment and follow-up.Among 13 nurses infected with HIV,3 might be with occupational exposure infection previously,5 were with blood transfusion-related infection in the 1990s,4 were with sexually transmitted infection(including 2 male nurses who had sex with man,MSM),1 case with infection of unknown transmission route;secondary transmission occurred in 2 cases;9 nurses are still alive.The infected nurses have received effective antiretroviral treatment and then work at the logistic or administrative department.Conclusion Nurses often suffer from occupational exposure to HIV,occupational exposure infection may occur in the absence of the implementation of standardized management,implementation of standardized management is essential to avoid the occupational exposure of HIV.Sexual transmission(including MSM)has become an important transmission route for HIV infection among nurses.

10.3969/j.issn.1008-9691.2013.03.004

Microbial metabolomics is a subject that chiefly studying all the low molecular weight metabolites in an organism or cells during their growing process. The progress of analytical technology promotes microbial metabolomics to make advancement. In this paper, the commonly used analytical technology, sample preparation and its application were discussed and the prospects of the analytical methods were also discussed.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide insights into influenza prevention and control. Methods: Data pertaining to influenza outbreaks reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from National Influenza Surveillance System in China, including time, region, cases and pathogen types of influenza outbreaks. The temporal, spatial and pathogen distribution of influenza outbreaks were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 577 influenza outbreaks involving 448 698 individuals were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and the overall attack rate was 5.34% (23 974 cases), with no death reported. The lowest attack rate of influenza was 0.26%, and the highest was 80.00%, with a median attack rate of 10.89% (interquartile range, 24.26%). The outbreak had the shortest duration of 1.00 day, and the longest duration of 59.00 days, with a median duration of 9.00 (interquartile range, 11.00) days. There were 387 influenza outbreaks that occurred between November and January of the following year (67.07%), and the three highest numbers of outbreaks were reported in Hangzhou City (310 outbreaks), Wenzhou City (51 outbreaks) and Jinhua City (46 outbreaks). There were 395 outbreaks reported in urban regions (68.46%), 93 in counties and townships (16.12%) and 89 in rural regions (15.42%), and influenza outbreaks predominantly occurred in primary schools (487 outbreaks, 84.40%). In addition, the types of pathogens were alternately prevalent, with influenza B virus (241 outbreaks, 41.77%) and A/H3N2 virus (232 outbreaks, 40.21%) as predominant subtypes. Conclusions Influenza outbreaks mainly occurred in winter in Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022, and primary schools were main places of influenza outbreaks, while influenza B virus and A/H3N2 virus were predominant subtypes. It is necessary to reinforce the surveillance and report of influenza-like illness in schools and improve the coverage of influenza vaccination to prevent influenza outbreaks.

Objective To evaluate the stability and biodistribution of a novel SPECT-MRI bi-functional agem 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG in tumor-bearing nude mice. Methods DTPA-DG was synthesized and then conjugated with Gd2O3 to generate Gd-DTPA-DG. The tumor-bearing nude mice were scanned by MRI to evaluate the tumor targeting ability of Gd-DTPA-DG. The orthogonal experiment was applied to optimize pH value of reaction medium and reaction temperature. The radiolabeling efficiency was measured by thin layer chromatography. The distribution of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG in nude mice was evaluated by scintigrapy in vivo. The % ID/g was measured at different time after intravenous injection of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPA-DG. Results The tumor was significantly enhanced by Gd-DTPA-DG with MRI. The radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-Gd-DTPADG was about 98.5% and remained 96.2% at room temperature for 6 h. The tumor was well visualized by 99TcmGd-DTPA-DG SPECT at 2 h after injection. The tumor uptake was (1.48 ±0.12) %ID/g, and the rumor to muscle radioactivity ratio was 2.91. Conclusions MRI contrast of Gd-DTPA-DG may enhance tumor detection. 99Tcm-labeled Gd-DTPA-DG may be useful for tumor imaging and might have a potential role as a SPECT-MRI bi-functional agent.

Objective To explore effects of Naikan cognitive therapy on improving clinical symptoms in patients with convalescent schizophrenia. Methods The 69 convalescent schizophrenic patients with convalescent clinical state were consecutively recruited. All the patients were divided into Naikan cognitive therapy ( NCT) group an control group at random and were pretreated with antipsychotic agent therapy. In NCT group,the patients received NCT for successive 7 days. In control group,the patients only received antipsychotic agent therapy. Pre-and post-treatment positive and negative syndrome scale( PANSS) , Nurses'observation scale for inpatient evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to all subjects. Results ① A significant decrease occurred in PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, general psychopathology score, reaction retardation score and paranoid score in NCT group ( t = 2. 672～7. 370, P < 0. 05). In the post-treatment, PANSS total score, negative symptom score, positive symptom score, compound scale score, reaction retardation score and thought disorder score were significantly lower in NCT group than those in control group ( t ' = 2. 696, P = 0. 009; t = 5. 186, P=0.000; t = 3.757, P = 0.001; t = 2.634,P = 0.011; t ' =2.376, P = 0.021). ②A significant decrease occurred in NOSIE total negative score( 10.43 ± 9. 24 vs 13. 87 ± 8. 03, t = 3. 463 , P = 0. 002) , irritation score(3. 13 ±0.43 vs8.53 ±4.98, t = 6. 139, P=0.000) and retardation score(1.07 ± 1.64 vs 2. 20 ±2.85, t = 2.067, P = 0.048) in NCT group. Conclusion NCT can possibly improve part clinical symptoms of patients with convalescent schizophrenia to a certain extent,especially negative symptom,but need to further prove the effect of NaiKan cognitive therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and distribution of different rotational displacements on the sagittal plane in unstable pelvic fractures radiologically.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients with unilateral pelvic fracture who had been treated at our department from June 2005 to June 2015.They were 48 men and 34 women,with an average age of 43 ± 18 years.By Tile classification,there were 48 cases of type B and 34 cases of type C.Their rotational displacements on the sagittal plane of the pelvic ring were determined on the anteroposterior X-ray films of the pelvis by measuring the changed distances from the top of iliac crest to the lowest point of ischial tuberosity and to the pubic tubercle.The data were recorded for analysis of different displacements and their clinical significance.Results Of all the 82 patients,based on the preoperative radiographic evidence,36 (43.9％) showed sagittal plane rotational displacement.Of them,28 (77.8％) showed supination displacement and 8 (22.2％) pronation displacement.The preoperative CT three-dimensional reconstruction confirmed the findings from the X-ray films.Twenty-one of the 48 cases of Tile type B (43.8％) and 15 of the 34 cases of Tile type C (44.1％) showed sagittal plane rotational displacement.The success rate of closed reduction was,respectively,66.7％ (24/36) in the 36 cases with sagittal plane rotational displacement,62.5％ (5/8) in those with pronation displacement and 67.9％ (19/28) in those with supination displacement,all significantly lower than the total success rate of closed reduction in this cohort(84.1％).Conclusions The sagittal plane rotational (pronation and supination) displacement of pelvic fracture can be determined by measuring special points and lines on the anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis.The supination displacement on the sagittal plane is more common.The unstable pelvic fracture with sagittal plane rotational displacement is more difficult to reduce.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of alcohol on the synthesis of testosterone and the expression of androgen binding protein(ABP)mRNA in rat testis.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(10 rats each group)and received either distilled water(control group)or alcohol(alcohol-fed groups)for 5 months.Alcohol was administered by garage with a single daily dose : 5 g/kg(large dose group),2.5 g/kg(middle dose group)and 0.5 g/kg(small dose group).Testosterone content was measured by ELISA.mRNA levels of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors(PBR),PPARct and ABP were assayed by RT-PCR.Results Compared with control group:(1)ethanol feeding with daily doses of 5 g/kg,2.5 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg significantly decreased testosterone levels by 31.13%(P0.05)respectively,indicating that ethanol might impair testosterone synthesis;(2) mRNA levels of PBR were decreased in all three ethanol-treated groups(all P