OBJECTIVE:To study the incidence of hypoglycemia adverse drug reaction(ADR)induced by non-antigyperglyce-mic drugs and provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:The original literatures of ADR induced by non-antigyperglycemic drugs during 1994-2014 were summarized and analyzed,which were from CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP database with the combi-nation keywords ofhypoglycemiaandabnormal glucose. RESULTS:In total of 98 cases of hypoglycemia ADR,mainly included gatifloxacin,L-asparaginase and naproxen,etc,respectively accounting for 23,6,6 cases;70 cases were administrated viaintrave-nous infusin;the main primary diseases were arthritis,acute pancreatitis and hyperthyroidism except infection. CONCLUSIONS:Med-ical staff should pay more attention to hypoglycemia ADR induced by non-antigyperglycemic drugs,especially the patients with glu-cose metabolism.

Objective To establish the retrovirus expression vector containing glucose transporter-2 ( GLUT-2) gene and its stable virus producing cell line,for the construction of new "artificial islet beta cells". Methods Plasmid pCB7 /GLUT2 was digested by EcoRⅠ/BamHⅠ and cloned to retroviral vector PLXSN for the construction of recombinant plasmid pL-GLUT2-SN,which was identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing,and then transfected to packaging cell line PA317. Titer of the recombinant virus was detected. Cell lines with a high titer were cloned and identified by PCR and RT-PCR. Results The retrovirus expression vector pL-GLUT2-SN was established,in which the insertion site and reading frame of target gene were confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. The highest titer of virus producing cell line PA317 /GLUT2 was 7. 1 ? 105 CFU/mL. PCR and RT-PCR showed that the GLUT-2 gene was integrated into PA317 /GLUT2 and stably expressed. Conclusion A retrovirus expression vector containing GLUT-2 gene and its stable virus producing cell line PA317 /GLUT2 are successfully constructed,thus laying a foundation for the construction of "artificial islet beta cells".

BACKGROUND:The methods to remove the smear layer mainly include mechanical, Carisolv chemomechanical, laser, ozone methods and so on. But studies after caries removal are limited. At present, there is no research for the observation of the smear layer after caries removal using Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional dental turbine.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphologic changes of the dentin smear layer after treated with the three methods of Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional high speed dental turbine under a scanning electron microscope.
METHODS:Thirty newly removed premolars or molars with moderate caries were divided into three groups, 10 teeth in each group. The bottom surface of the tooth cavity was observed with the naked eyes after caries removal with Er:YAG laser, Carisolv chemomechanical and traditional dental turbine, respectively. Then, the surface was observed using the scanning electron microscope (magnification ×1 000 and ×2 000).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The texture of the tooth cavity was hard in the three groups. After caries removal, the dentin surface of Er:YAG laser group was rough and uneven, and showed a peak-like shape;The dentin surface of Carisolv chemomechanical group was dark and the bottom was flat;The dentin surface of traditional dental turbine group was smooth and bright, and there was an obvious cutting trace. It was found that the surface of Er:YAG laser group did not have the smear layer, and the dentinal tubule was clearly visible. The most dentinal tubules were visible in the Carisolv chemomechanical group, and the surface was covered with a less smear layer. The surface of the traditional dental turbine group was covered with a thick smear layer, and the dentinal tubule was unseen. The differences in dentin smear layer cleanliness were significant between the three groups. These result indicate that Er:YAG laser can effectively remove the smear layer, which is better than Carisolv chemomechanical method and traditional dental turbine. Traditional dental turbine group is the worst among the three methods.

BACKGROUND: At present, more and more people pay attention to the protection of sub-hypothermia on cerebral ischemic tissue and the effect of sub-hypothermia treatment on inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sub-hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine in cerebral ischemic area of rats and protection on cerebral reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study on the basis of animals.SETTLNG: People's Hospital of Hubei Province.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at Laboratory Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 2004 to February 2005. Totally 50 healthy SD rats of clean grade were selected in this study.METHODS: Ten SD rats were divided randomly into normal group and sham operation group with 5 in each group. Other 40 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature cerebral ischemia group and sub-hypothermia cerebral ischemia group with 20 in each group. Rats except 5 in normal group were used to establish reversible ligation model of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) with Longa ligation method. Rats in sham operation group and normal temperature group were put in 20 ℃ room, and anus temperature was maintained at 37 ℃; rats in sub-hypothermia group were put in 4 ℃ room and anus temperature was maintained at (33.0±1.0) ℃.Rats in sub-hypothermia group were treated with sub-hypothermia on whole body, after ischemia, temperature was changed normally, and reperfusion was started 3 hours after cerebral ischemia. All modeling rats were scored with neurological defect: 0 point: none of neurological defect; 1 point: unable to unfold bilateral anterior claws; 2 points: cycling to hemiplegia side during walking; 3 points: falling to hemiplegia side; 4 points: unable to self-walk and with unconsciousness.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) andinterleukin-1 in cerebral tissue of ischemic rats, percentage of volume of cerebral infarction,and neurological functional scores.RESULTS: Fifteen rats were excluded because of intracranial hemorrhage,anesthetic accident and unqualified neurological functional scores. Other 15 rats with successful modeling were supplied randomly, and totally 50rats entered the final analysis. ① Number of TNF positive cell in immunohistochemical staining: There were no significant differences between normal group and sham operation group [(3.54±1.24, 3.71±1.50) /sight]; but numbers in sub-hypothermia group were lower than those in normal temperature group [(31.94±7.23, 69.20±9.43)/sight, F=179.16, P ＜ 0.001]. ②Numbers of interleukin-1 positive cells in immunohistochemical staining:There were not significant differences between normal group and sham operation group [(3.20±1.34, 3.89±2.08) /sight]; but numbers in sub-hypothermia group were lower than those in normal temperature group [(28.95±4.97, 55.79±7.93)/sight, F=174.95, P ＜ 0.001]. ③ Volume percentage of infarct focus: Percentage in sub-hypothermia group was lower than that in normal temperature group [(21.06±2.42)%, 30.32±2.71], F =374.87, P ＜ 0.001]. ④ Neurological functional scores: Percentage in subhypothermia group was lower than that in normal temperature group [(1.35±0.27)%, (2.04±0.34)%, F=117.17, P ＜ 0.001].CONCLUSION: ① Volume of cerebral infarction focus is lower in subhypothermia group than that in normal temperature group, this suggests that sub-hypothermia can protect ischemic neurons. ② Positive expressions of TNF and interleukin-1 are observed rarely in normal group and sham operation group, but more expression of positive cells are observed in cerebral ischemic area with 24-hour reperfusion after ischemia, this suggests that cerebral ischemia starts expression of inflammatory cytokine, evoke inflammatory cascade reaction, deteriorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, inhibition of inflammatory cascade reaction is one of important mechanisms of protecting brain.

Cost of Illness ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Life Tables ; Pneumoconiosis ; economics

1. The nutritive and biological values of the dry heat-treated beef protein were estimated by the growth and the nitrogen balance methods, using weaning and young rats respectively.2. At a 10 per.cent level of protein intake in the diet, the digestibility and biological values of the beef protein dried at two different temperatures were respectively as follows: at 60℃, 94.1 and 85.5; at 140℃, 88.3 and 76.1.3. The protein efficiency of beef dried at 60℃, 80℃, 100℃ and 140℃ obtained at a 10 per cent level of protein intake during a period of 4 weeks were as follows: 60℃, 2.70 + 0.09 g; 80℃, 1.79?0.12g; 100℃, 1.78?0.13 g; and 140℃, 1.33?0.35g.4. The higher the temperature, the lower the nutritive and biological values of dried beef protein. This decrease appears to be the result of lowered digestibility of the dried beef protein due to a change in the peptide linkages which renders them less susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis.

OBJECTIVE: To study protective and therapeutic effects of metformin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in rats. METHODS:40 SD rats were randomized into control,model,nicotinic acid,metformin group(n=10). The control group were only fed with a standard diet and the other groups were fed with a standard diet and fat emulsion. At the same time,the control and model groups were fed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose,the other groups were fed with relative drug.The serum TG,TC,ALT,AST,FFA,TNF-? and liver tissue TG,TC,FFA were detected and with histologically. RESULTS :The model group developed NASH after 3 weeks. metformin significantly reduced TG,ALT,FFA,FBG,TNF-? of the serum and TG,FFA of the liver tissue,and ameliorated hepatocellular macrovesicular steatosis(P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of drug eruptions in the clinic. METHODS:A total of 102 drug eruption cases from 1998 to 2007 in our hospital were analyzed in respect of the allergizing drugs and the types and the clinical features of the drug eruptions. RESULTS: The drug eruptions were mostly induced by antimicrobials (45 cases),followed by antipyretic analgesics (15 cases) and Chinese medicines (15 cases). Erythema polymorphe (39 cases) was the most common clinical type,followed by urticaria (18 cases) and fixed erythema (15 cases). CONCLUSION: Clinician should attach great importance to patients' drug allergic history and medication history so as to reduce the incidence of drug eruption.

Burns, Inhalation ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Acid ; adverse effects ; Pulmonary Edema ; chemically induced ; therapy

Objective To investigate the association between promoter polymorphisms of interferon-alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR1) gene and the treatment response to interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods Sixty-one CHB patients who consented to receive IFN-a therapy were enrolled in this study. The subjects were treated with recombinant IFN-α2b 500 MU intramuscular injection qod for 48 weeks. The treatment responses were monitored.Meanwhile, the promoters of IFNAR1 gene in these patients were sequenced. Measurement data were analyzed by t test and enumeration data were analyzed by Chi square test. Results Twenty-two treated patients achieved complete response. Eight patients achieved partial response and 31 had no response. Polymorphisms were identified in the promoter of IFNAR1 gene, which included C/T substitution at locus -408, C/T substitution at locus-3 and GT microsatellite repeat sequence at locus-77 [-77(GT)n]. The three polymorphisms were in linkage and composed some haplotypes,such as - 408C/-77(GT)5/-3C. The response rate to IFN-α in CHB patients with genotypes -408C/-77(GT)5/-3C, -408C/-77(GT)5/-3C, and-408C/-77(GT)5/-3C, non -408C/ - 77(GT)5/-3C in IFNAR1 gene promoter was higher than that in patients with genotype non -408C/-77(GT)5/-3C, non-408C/- 77(GT)5/- 3C (61. 0% vs 25. 0%, x2=6. 961, P =0.008). Conclusions CHB patients with genotype-408C/ - 77(GT)5/ - 3C, -408C/-77(GT)5/-3C and -408C/ -77(GT)5/ -3C, non -408C/ -77(GT)5/-3C in the promoter of the IFNAR1 gene are prone to have better response to IFN-a treatment. Polymorphisms in the promoter of IFN-αgene are associated with the treatment response to IFN-α in CHB patients.