Prader-Willi syndrome( PWS) is a type of genetic disease,which is associated with low mus-cle tone,growth and development,progressive fatal obesity and sleep related respiratory disorders(SRBD). Ob-structive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome( OSAHS) is the most common type of SRBD. The cause,influencing factors and treatment of OSAHS in patients with PWS are described in this paper. To understand the degree of OSAHS in children with PWS,the polysomnography is recommended.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of serum thrombospondin?1(TSP?1)with the micro?inflammation in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),and to explore its clinical prognosis value in the MHD patients. Methods A total of 84 MHD patients in our hospital were enrolled and prospectively followed for 2 years. The serum levels of TSP?1 and clinical inflammatory markers were detected. Patients were divided into groups according to different serum TSP?1 levels. The clinical inflammatory markers were detected by using ELISA analysis. Pearson simple correlation analysis method was applied to analyze the correlation between TSP?1 levels and inflammation related indicators. At the same time the prognosis and turnover of MHD patients was analyzed by using Kaplan Meier survival curve and survival rate was compared by Deleted:compared log?rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and Deleted:using 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The indexes of blood lipid and inflammatory factors in the TSP?1 high?level groups were higher than that in TSP?1 low?level groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum TSP?1 level was positively correlated with the serum lipid and inflammatory factors. Survival curve analysis showed that the mortality rate of TSP?1 high?level group was higher than that of TSP?1 low?level groups. Cox hazards analysis revealed that the patients with high?level TSP?1 had a higher risk for mortality than these TSP?1 low?level patients. This predictive value still existed after multivariate adjustment for age,blood lipid,serum albumin and other factors (P < 0.001). Conclusion The serum TSP?1 levels were associated with micro?inflammation and had a significant value in predicating the prognosis of MHD patients.

Objective: To observed the efects of estrogen and wall-shear stress alone or in combination on the proliferation and function of rat osteoblast in vitro. Methods: Isolated and purified osteoblast from the calvaria of newborn SD rats were cultured and passaged.The cells of passes three to four were treated with 0.1 nmol/L estrogen (goup E),wall-shear stress at 80 r/min (group WSS) or 0.1 nmol/L combined with wall-sher stress at 80 r/min (group EWSS) respectively.Cell proliferation was studied by MTT assay and alkline phosphatase (ALP ) by a ALP test kit. Results: Both the estrogen and wall-shear stress alone caused the increase of cells proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.But long period of wall-shear stress decreased the cell proliferation.Wall-shear stress increased ALP activity more quickly and more remarkably than the estrogen did.The combination of estrogen and wall-shear stress increased the cell proliferation and the ALP activity.In the early stage (6～24 h) of the cell proliferation, the combination functioned synergicly.The combination functioned antagonistically on ALP from 6 to 12 h while synergicly after 12 h. Conclusion: Estrogen and wall-shear stress can elevate the cell proliferation, ALP activity of osteoblasts in vitro.

Objective To learn about polysomnography (PSG) of the patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),and the improvement of the moderate-severe sleep disordered breathing(SDB) patients after non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment.Methods The PSG examination of 11 SMA patients in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics was performed.The PSG results and the levels of breathing disorder of these patients were collected.These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows.The mild group:apnea hypopnea index(AHI) was between 5 to 10 times/h,or average pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)>95%;the moderate-severe group:AHI>10 times/h,and average SpO2≤95%.The moderate-severe levels of the patients were treated with NIV.Then the improvement of PSG after the treatment was evaluated.Results Within the 2 cases of type 1 SMA,1 was moderate-severe,the other 1 was mild.There were 2 cases moderate-severer and 6 cases mild SDB cases of type 2 SMA.The only 1 case of type 3 was categorized as mild disorder.The average hypopnea index(6.3 times/h) was higher than apnea index(4.9 times/h).The indicators to distinguish the moderate-severe and mild groups were as follows:AHI,average SpO2,hypopnea index,and arousal index associated with respiratory case,and there were statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Significant improvement in PSG of the 3 NIV-treated patients was observed and it remained in normal range.The following indicators also remarkably improved after NIV treatment were hypopnea index [(1.5±0.1) times/h vs.(11.5±4.6) times/h,t=3.741,P<0.05],AHI [(2.4±1.1) times/h vs.(17.4±8.1) times/h,t=3.196,P<0.05],and average SpO2 [(96.7±0.6)% vs.(94.3±1.2)%,t=-3.130,P<0.05].Conclusions There are different levels of SDB within SMA patients.The major characteristic of SMA patients is hypopnea.There are more moderate-severer SDB in type 1 than those in type 2.The average SpO2,arousal index associated with respiratory incidents,AHI,and hypopnea index can reflect the levels of SDB of SMA patients.Besides,the results indicate NIV treatment can significantly improve SDB of SMA patients.

At present, electron microscopy has played a more and more important role in the field of medicine.It is often used in the ultrastructure observation of various systems, mechanism research and clinical diagnosis of diseases.The role of electron microscopy in the etiological diagnosis of respiratory tract infection cannot be ignored, but its related review is less.By using electron microscopy, the morphological characteristics of respiratory tract pathogens can be accurately observed and the new respiratory tract infection pathogens can be classified and screened.In addition, through the combination of samples with patients′ serum and observation of immuno-electron microscopy, the host response to pathogens can also be understood.However, due to the high equipment requirements, technical difficulties, complex operation and other factors, electron microscopy is rarely used in conventional etiological diagnosis, and more used in laboratory basic research.In this paper, the advantages, disadvantages and significance of electron microscopy in the etiological diagnosis of respiratory tract are reviewed.

0 05).③The level of the expression of AT 1a mRNA of the NO group rats was decreased significantly after hypertension of appeared and that of AT 1b mRNA of the LO group rats increased markedly after Losartan was administered. CONCLUSION Losartan has antihypertensive effects and can reverse myocardial hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension. Losartan regulates the mRNAs of the AT 1 receptor subtypes differently, which suggests it possibly has selectivity for AT 1a or AT 1b .

As an important member of the adisintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) superfamily,ADAM17 can mediate a variety of membrane molecular hydrolysis off,such as adhesion molecules,cytokines,growth factors,etc,and play an important role in regulating tumor cell adhesion,apoptosis,metastasis and proliferation through the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway,Notch signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.The research of ADAM17 targeted drugs provides a new direction for cancer therapy.

Background and purpose:Esophageal cancer is a serious disease threatening human health, and it is very difficult to understand the development mechanism and find the therapeutic methods for esophageal cancer. In recent years, B7-H3, as a new member of B7 immunoregulatory superfamily, overexpressed in multiple tumor types, is considered to be a new tumor marker and potential therapeutic target. This study aimed to detect the expression of B7-H3 in esophageal cancer cell lines TE-1, TE-13, Eca-109 and exploring the effect of B7-H3 siRNA on cell proliferation, migration and invasionin vitro in human esophageal cancer Eca-109 cell line. Methods:The expression of B7-H3 in esophageal cancer cell lines TE-1, TE-13 and Eca-109 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B7-H3 siRNA and control siRNA were transfectedin vitro into human esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells using LipofectamineTM 2000. The expressions of B7-H3 mRNA and protein in Eca-109 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of Eca-109 cells were measured by MTT assay, wound scrape assay and transwell invasion assayin vitro,respectively.Results:All tested cultured esophageal cancer cell lines constitutively expressed B7-H3 mRNA under normal conditions (TE-1 0.382±0.008, TE-13 0.399±0.008, Eca-109 0.428±0.012). After transfection, the expression of B7-H3 mRNA levels decreased in B7-H3 siRNA transfected group, compared with control siRNA transfected group (0.128 5±0.000 2vs 0.532 4±0.000 7,P<0.01) and untransfected group (0.128 5±0.000 2vs 0.540 3±0.001 3,P<0.01), while its protein expression levels were also signiifcantly lower than the control transfection group (0.421 4±0.004 8vs 0.500 6±0.012 9,P<0.05) and untransfected group (0.421 4±0.004 8vs 0.492 1±0.014 8, P<0.05). Compared with control transfected and untransfected cells, Eca-109 cell migration and invasion abilities decreased significantly (P<0.05) by siRNA interference, but no significant difference was observed between their proliferative capacity (P>0.05).Conclusion:All tested esophageal cancer cell lines constitutively express B7-H3 mRNA. B7-H3 siRNA interference inhibits Eca-109 cell migration and invasion abilities. B7-H3 may have a critical role in regulating Eca-109 cell progression.

The trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe) andCalcium, Magnesium in aged person's serum oflong-life area and control area were determined. Itwas found that the contents of Manganese, cop-per, and Calcium of aged person's serum in long-life area were significantly higher than those incontrol area (Manganese and Calcium are essentialelements for health and antiaging, Copper is an es-sential trace element to health). In the long-lifearea the contents of six kinds of elements (Mn,Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg)in the serum have no signifi-cant distinction between the male aged and thefamle aged. In the long-life area the contents of sixkinds of elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg )inaged (61～90) person's serum have no significantincrease or decrease with the increase of age.Judged from serum compositions, the agedperson's serum of the long-life area have a betterspectrum of elements. The relationship betweenthe elements in this experiment and antiaging effect was discussed.

51 cases of osteoporosis were put on clinical trial in our OPD and randomly assigned to TCM treatment group (N = 17), TCM control group and blank group. The total effective rate in the TCM treatment group obtained was 94. 1% and the significantly effective rate achieved 88. 2%. After the treatment, the density of the osseous tissue increased by 3-4%, main symptoms improved markedly, the serum calcium increased and the urine pyridine phenol decreased. All the findings were superior than that in the rest two groups. This composite is effective and safe (no side reactions) and worth put into large sale production.