Histologic and histochemical studies were made upon the collagen and ground substance of the callus and diaphyseal bone at the fracture site in the tibia of rabbits. The main findings were as follows: 1. It was found that the acid mucopolysaccharides were most abundant in the cartilagenous callus, moderate in the newly formed bone trabeculae (fiber bone) and very scanty in the diaphyseal bone and the compact bone after remodelling of the fiber bone, being found only in the wall of lacunae, around the Haversian canals and at the cement lines. 2. In the ground substance of newly formed bone callus and cartilagenous callus, a PAS positive substance was found. The PAS reaction did not run parallelly with the positive reactions for acid mucopolysaccharides in these calluses. It was assumed that there was another mucopolysaccharide present, probably a neutral mucopolysaccharide. 3. During the process of remodelling of fiber bone callus into compact bone, the collagen, acid mucopolysaccharides and PAS positive substance were closely bound together, as evidenced by the disappearance of the positive staining reactions previously found in these components. 4. The matrix of the necrotic ends of the bone fragments and pieces of necrotic bone between the fracture ends were often enveloped and actually invaded by the newly formed bone. Beside osteoclastic activity, this may be a was one way of removal of the necrotic bone. The mechanism needs further clarification.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis(PGD) is a pre-gestational diagnostic technique used to identify genetic defects in embryos created through in vitro fertilization prior to transfer into the uterus.It is currently the only option available to avoid the dilemma of a pregnancy termination due to unfavorable prenatal diagnosis of high risk genetic diseases,however,the limitation of this technique could result in uncertain results.To avoid ethics disputes,patients must undergo a medical informed consent process to fully understand the risks prior to undergoing PGD.This process is often hampered by the patients' restricted recognition ability.Here we discuss possible strategies to help patients completely comprehend the critical issues relating to PGD,including comprehensiveness of PGD related information,and all possible benefits and risks of currently available operational and detection techniques.Based on this, It is necessary to sign a detailed medical informed consent according to different inherited disease.

[Objective] To confirm the effects of Neiguan massaged to prevent ache nausea and vomit after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).[Methods] 400 patients were randomly divide into 2 groups;the group 1 were treated by Neiguan massage during the LC,the group 2 nothing during the operation.[Results]Group 1 suffered the same ache in the 1st hour as group 2,but less in the last 24h,and less nausea and vomit too.[Conclusions ]Neiguan massage could obviously prevent ache nausea and vomit after LC.

In an effort to search for more potent antibacterial drugs, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fifteen fosfomycin derivatives at 35℃ for 24h against S. aureus, Enterococcus, P.aeruginosa and Eschericha coli were determined, respectively. Preliminary antibacterial results showed that five derivatives of them were more potent than reference substance (Ⅳa) against some bacteria. Take compound Ⅳg for example, its antibacterial activity was three times as potent as that of compound Ⅳa against S.aureus. The structure-activity relationship of fosfomycin derivatives was investigated according to the mechanism of fosfomycin antibacterial action at molecular level which was pointed by Smeyers et al.

In order to investigate the effects of simvastatin on secretion and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production and mRNA expression of IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that simvastatin could significantly suppress LPS-induced IL-6 production and mRNA expression in adipocytes (P<0.05), but increase the LPS-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). It was suggested that simvastatin could exert beneficial effects on prevention of obesity-induced metabolic changes in adipocytes.

With polyethylene glycol vitamin E succinate (TPGS) as the carrier materials, and berberine hydrochloride ( BER) as model drug, we formed berberine hydrochloride (BER) -loaded TPGS nanomicells (BER-PMs) using filming-rehydration method to improve its solubility and in vitro anti-tumor effect. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the particle appearance; particle detector was used to detect the diameter and Zeta potential; and ultracentrifugation was utilized to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug-loading (DD); dynamic dialysis method was used to study the in vitro release behavior of BER-PMs, and the anti-tumor activity against MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT method. Results showed that the average particle size of BER-PMs was (12.45 ± 1.46) nm; particle size was uniform and spherical; drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were (5.7 ± 0.22)% and (95.67 ± 5.35)%, respectively. Zeta potential was (-1.12 ± 0.23) mV; release rate within 24 h was 37.20% and 41.14% respectively in pH 7.4 and pH 6.5 phosphate buffer in vitro; compared with BER, BER-PMs can significantly inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (P < 0.05), promote cell apoptosis and improve the anti-tumor activity of BER in vitro. Therefore, the formed berberine hydrochloride micelle can more effectively promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cell, and improve the drug's in vitro anti-tumor effect.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Berberine ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Particle Size ; Polymers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Solubility

Adult ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology

AIM: To investigate the effect of ecdysterone (EDS) on H9c2 cardiomyocytes after oxidative stress.METHODS:H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, high dose (2 μmol/L) of EDS group, middle dose (1.5 μmol/L) of EDS group, low dose (1 μmol/L) of EDS group, and H2O2 group.H9c2 cardio-myocytes in H 2 O2 group and high , middle and low doses of EDS groups were exposed to H 2 O2 for 6 h to establish the model of oxidative stress.The viability of the H9c2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis of H9c2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.The levels of lactate dehydogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the culture medium, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the H9c2 cells were measured by colorime-try.The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated by flow cy-tometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy .The protein levels of Bax , Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the H9c2 cells were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Ecdysterone at the selected concentrations had no effect on the viability of H9c2 cells.Compared with control group, the levels of LDH, CK-MB, ROS and MDA, and the apoptotic rates of the H9c2 cells were significantly increased after treated with H 2 O2 , but were decreased by EDS treatment in a dose-dependent man-ner.The levels of SOD and mitochondrial membrane potential of the H 9c2 cells in H2 O2 group were reduced significantly compared with control group , but high, middle and low doses of EDS treatments up-regulated the levels of SOD and mito-chondrial membrane potential in H 2 O2-treated H9c2 cells.The protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the H9c2 cells in H2 O2 group showed significant elevation in comparison with control group , and the protein expression of Bcl-2 de-clined in H2 O2 group compared with control group , but high, middle and low doses of ecdysterone treatments down-regula-ted the protein levels of Bax , cleaved caspase-3 and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in H2 O2-treated H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION:Ecdysterone attenuates the effect of H 2O2-induced oxidative stress on H9c2 cardiomyocytes.The mecha-nism may be involved in scavenging oxidative stress products , increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and improving mito-chondrial function .

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with sufentanil on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Fifty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 60 mg/kg.Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.The rats were then randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R,dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (group DP),sufentanil pretreatment group (group SP),and dexmedetomidine + sufentanil pretreatment group (group DS).In group S the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated.Dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg and sufentanil 0.1μg/kg were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia in groups DP and SP,respectively.Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg and sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg were injected intraperitoneally 30 min bbefore ischemia in group DS.Arterial blood samples were collected at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)concentrations.The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion and hearts were removed for microscopic examination.Myocardial infarct size was calculated.The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in myocardial tissues were measured.Results Compared with group S,the serum CK and LDH concentrations were significantly increased,the myocardial infarct size was enlarged,and SOD activity was decreased in the other groups,MDA content was significantly increased in groups I/R,DP and SP (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group I/R,the serum CK and LDH concentrations,MDA content and myocardial infarct size were significantly decreased,and SOD activity was increased in groups DP,SP and DS (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group DS,the serum CK concentration was significantly increased,the myocardial infarct size was enlarged,and MDA content was increased in groups DP and SP,and LDH concentration was significantly increased and SOD activity was decreased in group DP (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes were significantly attenuated in groups DP and SP compared with group DS.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can reduce myocardial I/ R injury in rats,dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil pretreatment provides better efficacy than either alone,and inhibition of lipid peroxidation is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To study the possible role of cytokines interleukin-1beta(IL-1?),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?)and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Methods The serum levels of IL-?,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-?,and GM-CSF were measured in50patients with vitiligo and20healthy volunteers with radioimmunoassay.Results The serum level of IL-6and GM-CSF in focal type and generalized type of vitiligo,and the serum level of IL-1?in generalized type were significantly higher than those in normal controls.In segmental type of vitiligo,the serum levels of all the cytokines tested were not significantly different from those in normal controls.The GM-CSF levels in focal type and generalized type,and the IL-6level in generalized type of the progressive stage were significantly higher than those in the stable stage.Conclusion IL-6and GM-CSF may be involved in the autoimmune mechanism of non-segmental type of vitiligo.