Objective:To research the effects of entrainer on extracting astragaloside from astragalus by supercritical CO2 . Meth-ods:The optimum extraction technology conditions were investigated by an L9 (34 ) orthogonal experiment with the extraction rate of as-tragaloside as the evaluation index and the addition way, variety, amount and flow rate of the entrainers as the investigation factors. The content of astragaloside was determined by HPLC. Results:The addition way of entrainer was the presoak treatment combined with the dynamic extraction mode, and the entrainer was 95 % alcohol with 300 ml of infusing volume and 10 ml·min-1 flowing volume. The best factors of supercritical fluid extraction were as follows:the extraction pressure was 35 MPa, the extraction temperature was 45℃, the outlet temperature was 55℃, the extracts were collected with 95% alcohol, and dynamic extraction time was 2 h. Under the above process conditions, the extraction rate of astragaloside was 0. 040 7%. Conclusion:The extraction of astragaloside from astragalus by supercritical CO2 extraction with the optimized process is significantly improved.

Objective:To investigate the stability of Guhong injection in infusions commonly used in clinics. Methods:The chan-ges in pH value, appearance and insoluble particles were observed, and the contents of aceglutamide, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, lilac glycosides, hydroxyl safflower yellow prime A and anhydrosafflor yellow B in Guhong injection were determined by HPLC-DAD in 8 h after the compatibility respectively at 5, 25 and 35℃ under the condition of avoiding light, indoor illumination and ultraviolet irra-diation, respectively. The contents of the related substances of acetyl glutamine were detected by HPLC. Results:In 8 h, the appear-ance, pH and insoluble particles of all compatibility solution had no significant changes. The content of aceglutamide in compatibility solution was decreased under the condition of ultraviolet irradiation (35 ℃), and the content of compositions in the other compatibility solution showed no significant changes. Under the condition of avoiding light and indoor illumination, the content of relative substances showed no significant changes before and after the compatibility, and met the relevant provisions. But under ultraviolet light, with tem-perature increasing and time prolonging, the content of the related substances was increased significantly. Conclusion: Guhong injec-tion is stable in 5 % glucose injection, 10 % glucose injection and sodium chloride injection in 4 hours, while the mixtures should a-void sunlight during the use.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the quality control of Jiuwei Qianghuo granules by establishing an HPLC char-acteristic fingerprint. Methods:The HPLC analysis was performed on a Sunfire C18 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) , and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The de-tection wavelength was 270 nm and the temperature of column was 30℃. Results:The common pattern of HPLC characteristic chroma-tographic profile was established. There were 15 common peaks,and four of which were identified in the pattern. The similarities of 12 batches of Jiuwei Qianghuo granules was evaluated,and all of them were greater than 0. 90. Conclusion:The analysis method of HPLC characteristic chromatographic fingerprint is simple and reproducible, which can provide scientific basis for the identification and quali-ty evaluation of Jiuwei Qianghuo granules.

Objective To study the age-related changes of rat bone histomorphometry and its correlation to other parameters of bone metabolism. Methods Ten female SD rats at the age of 3 months old,9 months old and 15 months old were labeled with tetracycline(30 mg/kg) via abdomen on fourteen and four days before executing. Histomorphometry were performed on L4 and right tibiae. Physical density of left femur and L2 were measured. Anti-compression property of L3 was assayed. Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus and 1,25(OH)_ 2 D_ 3 were determined. Results Compared with the 3-month-old rats,the trabecular bone volume(TBV) of L4 and right tibiae decreased 43.3%( P

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stromal stem cels have a strong osteogenic potential, which are currently the most ideal seed cels for tissue engineering. However, there is no clinical report on the treatment of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions using bone marrow stromal stem cel transplantation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate thein vivo perfusion method of inducing bone marrow stromal stem cels, and the clinical effects of bone marrow stromal stem cels on benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.
METHODS: Sixty-five cases of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions were divided into three groups according to the different treatments: bone graft group (n=30) and bone marrow stromal stem cels group (n=35). In the bone graft group, alogeneic bone was soaked in normal saline for 30 minutes, and then implanted into the bone defect site. In the bone marrow stromal stem cels group, 20-40 mL of bone marrow from each patient was extracted to isolate, purify and culture bone marrow stromal stem cels that were then perfused into the bone defect site.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the inverted phase contrast microscope, the perfused cels appeared as a spherical shape, with different sizes. Initialy, there were more hematopoietic cels in the perfusion cel culture. With the extension of the culture time, adherent spindle cels and suspended red blood cels appeared, which were mostly round and triangular. Al the patients were folowed up for 1-12 months and healed wel after surgery. Compared with the bone graft group, infection rate and healing time were both lower in the bone marrow stromal cel group. To conclude, in vivo perfusion of bone marrow stromal stem cels used for construction of tissue-engineered bone promotes blood supply reconstruction and bone healing in patients with benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions, which is of high clinical values.

TWO average expense control(TAEC) is the method that the hospital want to control the increasing breadth of medicine expense by limiting the total expense which include both clinic expense and hospitalize expense.TAEC will fake great help to improve the relationship of docfor and patient and to promote the hospital work.But the method of TAEC will also to be optimize further.

The putative allergens,clinical manilestations and patch tests of traditional Chinese medicinal materials (CMM) which cause contact dermatitis (CD) are studied in this paper. 14 patients with CMM CD and 351 controls were patch tested with the standard series of allergen produced by the Beijing Medical University and the suspected drugs been tised. It was found that most CMM CD were caused by the CMM frequently used topically for "analgesic and antiphlogistic". All the patients patch tested with suspected drugs gave positive results. Some patients also reacted to fragrance mix, colophony, rubber mix and ammoniated mercury. The positive rates of fragrance mix and colophony in CMM CD patients were significantly higher than controls while rubber mix and ammoniated mercury were not. The results indicated that the topical analgesic and antiphlogistic CMM especially those containing fragrance may be liable to cause sensitization. CMM CD can be diagnosed by patch testing the putative drugs.

Objective To discuss the value of preoperative digital design of struetund bone graft for acetabular wall defects. Methods The . dieom data from spiral CT scans were imported into Mimics 10.0 to build the 3D solid model of the pelvis of an old female patient with left acetabular wall defects. The 3D solid model of the defect area was built by Mirror and 3D mask editing. A simulated bone graft was conducted on the 3D model by segmentation and trimming according to the data measured on the reconstructed model. Results The reconstructed 3D model of the patient's pelvis could be presented in different colors, transparenees, or combinations of interested tissues. The acetabular wall defects could be visualized very clearly at different angles. The geometric data of the bone graft could be measured to ensure the bone graft would fit the defects accurately. Conclusion Preoperative digital design based on 3D com-puterized reconstruction of acetabular wall defects may provide a valuable aid to clinical treatment, because it is a simple, rapid, and accurate method of increasing the fitness of bone graft and the defects,

Objective To compare the values of the mangled extremity syndrome index (MESI), the mangled extremity severity score (MESS) and the limb salvage index (LSI) in deciding amputation or salvage in the management of the mangled extremity syndrome (MES). Methods Clinical data of 353 MES patients including 95 with amputation and 258 with salvage admitted in recent eight years were retrospectively evaluated by using MESI, MESS and LSI, the value of which in deciding amputation or salvage was assessed with receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ). Results There was statistical difference in aspect of mean scores of three grading systems between patients with amputation or salvage (P＜0. 01). For MESI, MESS and LSI, the sensitivities was 89.47%, 85.26% and 83.15% respectively, the specificities was 100%, 96.89% and 96.12% respectively, the coincidence was 97.16%,93.76% and 92.63% respectively, the areas under ROC curves was 0. 924, 0905 and 0. 861 respectively and the cut-off points were equal or over 20, 7 and 6 respectively. Conclusions Three scoring systems are all highly capable of predicting early amputation or not in MES management. The MESI is recommended as a quantitative criterion for determining amputation or salvage.

BACKGROUND:Restoring the stability of the spine has become the consensus of spinal surgery. The canaloplasty technology has been continuously improved, but how can we get the good clinical effect of the canaloplasty, and the price affordable, many domestic scholars have to try al kinds of the improved operation methods. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical application value of cannulated screws fixation in canaloplasty. METHODS:From February 2011 to February 2013, total y 24 patients with spinal disease treated by canaloplasty using cannulated screw were retrospectively analyzed, of which 12 cases of cervical stenosis, 2 cases of intraspinal tumor in thoracic and 10 cases of intraspinal tumor in lumbar. Al patients were fol owed up after treatment. Postoperative CT and MRI were done in al patients. Clinical symptoms and radiographic changes were observed after treatment. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and the spinal canal cross-sectional area measurement were conducted in the patients with cervical stenosis between the preoperation and postoperation. Visual analog scale score was evaluated in patients who have the tumor in the thoracolumbar spine between the preoperation and postoperation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients had no complications such as nerve or blood vessel damage. Al patients were fol owed up 12 to 24 months. Imaging evaluation showed that internal fixator was stable without the hol ow screw loss or displacement. The bone grafting in groove reached bone fusion. There was no occurrence of lamina col apse or“re-close of door”. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and spinal canal cross-sectional area of patients with cervical stenosis during the fol ow-up after 12 months of treatment were significantly superior to those in preoperation (P<0.01). After 12 months of treatment, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores showed that the excel ent rate of classification assessment was 92%. During the fol ow-up after 12 months of treatment, the visual analog scale of patients with thoracolumbar tumor improved from (8.2±1.6) points before treatment to (2.3±1.3) points at the first year after discharge (P=0.004 2). These results suggest that the application of cannulated screws in the canaloplasty can not only enhance the stability of the rear pil ar, and can improve the healing rate of osteotomy, and has the characteristics of inexpensive, easy to operate, and repair effect is good.