Objective To investigate the pollution situation of ventilation systems of centralized air-conditioners in public areas and to present the data for hygiene management. Methods 20 ventilating systems of air-conditioners from six 3-star or above hotels in Nanning were selected randomly and the hygienic inspection on these samples was performed including the indexes of PM10, aerobic bacterial count, aerobic molds count, dust capacity of inner-wind duct surface and microbial as well as the legionella in cooling tower water. Results The total count of aerobic bacterial in breeze of air-conditioner was rather serious, the over-standard rate was 66.7%. The over-standard rate of PM10 was 16.7%. Dust content of inner-wind duct surface was rather high with the average value of 46.33 g/m2 and the over-standard rate was 83.3%, the over-standard rate of total count of aerobic molds in it was 100%, the highest value was 145.3 times of the standard limit. The over-standard rate of total bacterial count in inner-wind duct surface was 16.7%. The legionella pneumophila was detected in one of the six samples. Conclusion The cleaning and disinfection of ventilation system of centralized air-conditioners in star grade hotels is not thorough in Nanning and the pollution of microbial is rather serious. so the hygienic management must be strengthened.

Objective Serological characteristic analysis for patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA)who has cold and warm auto‐antibody when undergoing blood type and cross‐matching .Methods Choosed 3 donors of red blood cells of group O to absorb autoantibodies of the patient′s serum(by using the methods of cold absorption) and used 2‐mercaptoethanol(2‐Me) to de‐stroyed the IgM antibody .Results The patient of AIHA blood type was B+ .There was cold and warm auto‐antibody in the pa‐tient′s serum ,and the result of cross‐matching is incompatible .Conclusion The patient′s serum contains cold and warm auto‐anti‐body which interferes blood type and cross‐matching .In emergency ,considering the patients condition ,blood transfusion combined with the drug treatment could achieve good effects .

Objective To survey the current dose level for adults undergoing posteroanterior (PA) chest X-ray photography in Shanghai,and to analyze the main factors affecting the dose level.Methods The thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were deployed to measure entrance surface dose (ESD) in the center of radiated fields.According to the numbers of three types of X-ray equipment and their distribution among different grade hospitals in Shanghai,the ESDs were surveyed for 1032 adults undergoing examination of PA chest X-ray photography from 2008 to 2010,and the relevant information was also recorded.The differences of the mean ESDs among different grade hospitals,equipment types and photographic parameters were statistically analyzed.Results The arithmetic mean of the ESDs for adults undergoing examination of PA chest X-ray photography in Shanghai was 0.23 mGy,and the 75th percentile value was 0.29 mGy,which were all below the current China diagnostic reference level (0.40 mGy).The averaged ESDs were significantly correlated with the grade of hospital,the equipment types and the photographic parameters.Conclusions Compared with the value in the last century,the ESD for adults undergoing PA chest X-ray photography in Shanghai obviously decreases,and there are the potentials for further reduction.

BACKGROUND:Restoring the stability of the spine has become the consensus of spinal surgery. The canaloplasty technology has been continuously improved, but how can we get the good clinical effect of the canaloplasty, and the price affordable, many domestic scholars have to try al kinds of the improved operation methods. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical application value of cannulated screws fixation in canaloplasty. METHODS:From February 2011 to February 2013, total y 24 patients with spinal disease treated by canaloplasty using cannulated screw were retrospectively analyzed, of which 12 cases of cervical stenosis, 2 cases of intraspinal tumor in thoracic and 10 cases of intraspinal tumor in lumbar. Al patients were fol owed up after treatment. Postoperative CT and MRI were done in al patients. Clinical symptoms and radiographic changes were observed after treatment. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and the spinal canal cross-sectional area measurement were conducted in the patients with cervical stenosis between the preoperation and postoperation. Visual analog scale score was evaluated in patients who have the tumor in the thoracolumbar spine between the preoperation and postoperation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients had no complications such as nerve or blood vessel damage. Al patients were fol owed up 12 to 24 months. Imaging evaluation showed that internal fixator was stable without the hol ow screw loss or displacement. The bone grafting in groove reached bone fusion. There was no occurrence of lamina col apse or“re-close of door”. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and spinal canal cross-sectional area of patients with cervical stenosis during the fol ow-up after 12 months of treatment were significantly superior to those in preoperation (P<0.01). After 12 months of treatment, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores showed that the excel ent rate of classification assessment was 92%. During the fol ow-up after 12 months of treatment, the visual analog scale of patients with thoracolumbar tumor improved from (8.2±1.6) points before treatment to (2.3±1.3) points at the first year after discharge (P=0.004 2). These results suggest that the application of cannulated screws in the canaloplasty can not only enhance the stability of the rear pil ar, and can improve the healing rate of osteotomy, and has the characteristics of inexpensive, easy to operate, and repair effect is good.

Objective To investigate the effects of vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy and McKenzie therapy on lumbar disc herniation in aged patients.Methods 70 aged patients with lumbar disc herniation are randomly divided into two groups,experiment group and control group.Each contained 35 patients.Both are treated 15 min daily with the SD5101 therapeutic.For the experiment group,McKenzie therapy is employed 3～4 times per day additionally.They were evaluated with Graded Efficacy For Relieving Lumbar Pain before and after treatment.Follow-up observation lasted for 10 months to record the time of treatment and recurrence rate of both groups.Results For short-term curative effect,no statistical differences were observed between these two groups(P>0.05).For the curative effects on single-segment or multi-segment lumber disc herniation,statistical differences were observed before and after treatment in each group(P<0.05),but were not between them(P>0.05).The curative effects are negatively correlated with the course of treatment(For experiment group:r=-0.72;For control group:r=-0.64).No statistical differences were observed between these two groups in terms of the total correlation coefficient(P>0.05).The time of treatment in experiment group is shorter than that in control group(P<0.05).The recurrence rate in experiment group is lower than in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Vacuum suction stereo-dynamic interferential electrotherapy combining with McKenzie therapy is an efficient method in treating aged patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Objective To assess the value of selective renal arteriography and embolization in the therapy of nephrorrhagia diseases.Methods Fifteen patients of renal hemorrhages including 10 iatrogenic renal trauma,3 renal harmatoma and 2 renal closed injury with ineffective medical treatment underwent selective renal artery embolization.Results Renal artery an-giographies confirmed renal segmental arteries and/or their branches injuries.Gelatin sponge,PVA or steel coil were used for embolization.During 1-3 months fllowing-up,renal abscess was found in 2 patients without superselective embolization,while haematuria occurred in one case after embolization with gelatin sponge but stopped after medical treatment.The renal function of all patients were normal after embolization.Conclusion Superselective renal artery embolization has reliable effect and slight complication in the treatment of nephrorrhagia,especially suitable for patients after surgery and renal inadequacy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG ) for PC12 cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium ( MPP+ ) and activating nuclear factor-related factor 2 ( NRF2 ).Methods Well differentiated PC12 cells treated with MPP+ were used as the in vitro cell models,and PC12 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of EGCG.MTT assay was used to investigate the cell viability.Western blot was used to observe the expression of NRF2 in cells and distribution in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.Real-time PCR was used to observe the antioxidant enzymes,HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression.Results Pretreatment of PC12 cells with different concentrations of EG CG for an hour could restore cell viability.Western blot showed that expression of NRF2 in cells treated with MPP+ for 24 hours was increased 148％ +5％ compared with the control group (t =6.102,P ＜0.01 ).The level of NRF2 in EGCG pretreated group was 188％ + 6％ compared with the control group(t =11.172,P ＜0.01 ).Moreover the NRF2 protein level in the nuclear was also increased.Western blot showed that the NRF2 protein level in the nuclear was 258％ +2％ compared with the control group (t =21.995,P ＜ 0.01 ).Further research found U 120,an inhibitor of ERK,could inhibit the effect of EGCG.The levels of NRF2 in both samples were 148％ ± 15％ and 158％ ± 1％ compared with their respective control groups(t =6.118,8.058,both P ＜0.01 ).In accordance with the NRF2 data,real-time PCR indicated that the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression increased obviously in the group pretreated with EGCG.Likewise,U120 could also inhibit HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression induced by EGCG.Conclusions EGCG can repair oxidative damage to PC12 cells induced by MPP+.The protective effect may be related through the ways to activate ERK-NRF2 and induce downstream of antioxidant enzyme expression,such as HO-1 and NQO1.