AIM:To study the chemical constituents of Lysimachia clethroide Duby. METHODS:Chromatographic techniques,including MS and NMR,were used to isolate and purify the constituents based on column chromatography separation on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and Semipreparative RP-HPLC. RESULTS:Eleven flavonoids were obtained and elucidated as: kaempferol (1),kaempferol 3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (2),kaempferol 3-O-?-D-galactoside (3),kaempferol 3-O-?-D-(6″-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (4),quercetin (5),Isorhamnetin (6) ,quercetin 3-O-?-D-galactoside (7),quercetin 3′-methoxy-3-O-?-D-galactoside (8),quercetin 3-O-?-D-(6″-p-coumaroyl)-galactoside (9),4′-methoxy-5,6-dihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (10),7-O-glucosyl liquiritigenin (11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 3,6 were isolated from this plant and compounds 8-11 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Gelsemium elegans,the evergreen woody vine of the genus Gelsemium of the Loganiaceae family in China,is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. It is spicy,bitter,warm,highly toxic and commonly used for dispelling wind-evil,attacking poison,reducing swelling and relieving pain. In this article, the researches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of G. elegans in recent years were retrieved,reviewed and summarized. So far,alkaloids,iridoids,triterpenes,phenolic acids,steroids,coumarins,lignans,megastigmane glycosides and other ingredients have been separated from G. elegans. Alkaloids, mostly of indole alkaloids,are the main active ingredients there of which can significantly inhibit central nervous activity. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that alkaloids have a variety of pharmacological activities,which can achieve the purpose of anti-tumor by regulating cell cycle; enhance macrophage phagocytosis,protect white blood cells,and promote immune regulation;relieve cancer pain and long-term pain;reduce the myocardial contractility,get vasodilation to achieve antihypertensive effect;and also play an important role in the treatment of anxiety disorder and dermatosis. In the future research on G. elegans,it is still necessary to further study the chemical constituents,develop promising lead compounds,conduct in-depth research on its toxicology and clinical pharmacology,and clarify its mechanism of action,make it used more fully and reasonably,and lay the foundation for the application and safe use of G. elegans.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents of Pierre. Methods The chemical compositions were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC,Sephadex LH-20, and MPLC packed with MCI gel, and their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence (NMR and MS) . Results Eight compounds were obtained and determined as fibraurin (1),makisterone A (2),cycloartenol (3),feruloylphenethylamine (4),trans- -feruloyltyramine(5),β-sitosterol(6),1-monopalmitin(7),1-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(8). Conclusion Compounds 2-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness eye caring theme based intervention model in the improvement of students’ vision, and to provide a systematic method for pupils’ visual intervention. Methods: A total of 965 students in the same grade of the three schools were divided into intervention group(482) and control group(483) at a 1∶1 ratio match. The intervention group received a one year intervention through the design of the series of eye caring theme activities, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: The mean values of visual related knowledge literacy improvement in the intervention group and the control group were 7.08 and 2.18, respectively, with a significant difference( t =92.18, P <0.05); The mean values of improvement of vision related belief literacy in the intervention group and the control group were 7.88 and 4.57, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( t =45.57, P <0.05); The mean values of visual related behavior literacy improvement in the intervention group and the control group were 17.41 and 2.21. The differences were statistically significant( t =117.37, P <0.05); The mean values of total vision improvement in the intervention group and the control group were 10.80 and 2.99, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant( t =87.74, P <0.05); The mean values of the parents’ improvement in children’s vision health care in the intervention group and the control group were 13.33 and 0.80, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant( t =128.76, P <0.05); The mean values of visual acuity reduction in the intervention group and the control group were 0.07 and 0.71, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant( t =128.00, P <0.05). Conclusion Theme based intervention can improve students’ visual literacy, especially visual behavior literacy, and can effectively slow down the deterioration of students’ vision.

Objective : To construct a visual literacy evaluation system for pupils by Delphi expert consultation method（Delphi method）. Methods : The visual literacy evaluation indices for pupils were preliminarily constructed through literature review. Twenty experts in relevant fields were invited and the visual literacy evaluation system for pupils was established by two rounds of expert consultation based on Delphi method. Results : The average age of 20 experts was（48.35±5.79）years old,of which 19 experts had senior titles,and 17 experts had master's degree or above. The enthusiasm of the experts in two rounds of consulting was both 100.00%. The average authoritative coefficient（W）of the experts was 0.88. For the first consulting round,the W of importance scores from experts was 0.91（P<0.01）;the W of operability scores from experts was 0.89（P<0.01）,which indicated satisfactory consistency. For the second consulting round,the W of importance scores from experts was 0.79（P<0.01）;the W of operability scores from experts was 0.77（P<0.01）,which also indicated satisfactory consistency. The finalized visual literacy evaluation system for pupils after two rounds of expert consultation included three primary indices（eye care knowledge literacy,eye care attitude literacy and eye care behavior literacy）,six secondary indices（basic knowledge,eye care behavior,eye care attitude,eye care willingness,bad eye care behavior and eye protection）and 40 tertiary indices（≥5.0 of eyesight among normal people,always wearing glasses due to poor eyesight and so on）. Conclusion The experts who participated in the construction of visual literacy evaluation system for pupils had strong professional representativeness,high enthusiasm,high authority and good coordination,and the evaluation system can be used for evaluating pupils visual literacy.

Argonaute 1 (AGO1) is a core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) which plays a crucial role in small RNA-mediated gene silencing. AGO1 gene has been characterized in various plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice. However, there is no information about AGO1 in the medicinal plant species, Panax ginseng. Using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology (RACE), we cloned full-length PgAGO1 cDNA from Panax ginseng. It is 3 776 bp in length, including 204 bp of 5' UTR, 254 bp of 3' UTR, and 3 318 bp of ORF encoding 1106 amino acids. The molecular weight (MW) and theroretical isoelectric point (pI) of the deduced PgAGO1 protein is 122.22 kDa and 9.71, respectively. PgAGO1 shares 91.72% similarity with Arabidopsis AtAGO1 and contains three consered domains, including DUF1785, PAZ and Piwi, suggesting it is an authentic AGO. PgAGO1 was expressed in all of the tissues analyzed with the highest level in flowers and the lowest level in roots. The results provide useful information for further elucidating the function of AGO1 in Panax ginseng.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Argonaute Proteins ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Genes, Plant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Panax ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

OBJECTIVETo explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure.

METHODSThe birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china. The population of Shanyin County served as the common people and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 for windows.

RESULTSThe neonates surveyed were 2467 cases. There were 49 neonates deformity found in this investigation, giving a neonate deformity rate of 198.62 per 10,000 cases, which was shown significantly higher in water arsenic exposure areas than in the normal (U = 3.23, P < 0.01), with types of nervous system deformity, limbs deformity and congenital heart disease as in system classification. There was no significant difference of deformity rate in different sex neonates (chi2 = 0.32, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe drinking high-arsenic water over a long period of time should be a risk factor of neonate deformity. Prevention and treatment of endemic arsenic exposure should be urgently needed.

Arsenic ; analysis ; Arsenic Poisoning ; complications ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Water ; analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis ; Water Supply ; analysis

Objective: To develop a comprehensive health economics evaluation model for HIV blood screening using Markov modeling, so as to evaluate the quality-of-life adjustment years (QALYs) gained by transfusion recipients after implementation of blood HIV screening. Methods: Shenzhen Blood Center was selected as the validation case for model development. Based on historical HIV screening data of Shenzhen Blood Center and published literature, the health economics evaluation of donor HIV screening was performed using cost-utility analysis. The single factor sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters in the model. Results: 3.09 QALYs were gained for each transfusion recipient prevented from HIV infection. During 2020-2023, donor HIV screening at Shenzhen Blood Center saved 506.76 QALYs, and each QALY saved 182 900 yuan. Conclusion: From the perspective of long-term benefit of transfusion recipients, HIV screening of blood donors demonstrates high health and economic value.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive health economics evaluation model for HIV blood screening using Markov modeling, so as to evaluate the quality-of-life adjustment years (QALYs) gained by transfusion recipients after implementation of blood HIV screening. Methods: Shenzhen Blood Center was selected as the validation case for model development. Based on historical HIV screening data of Shenzhen Blood Center and published literature, the health economics evaluation of donor HIV screening was performed using cost-utility analysis. The single factor sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters in the model. Results: 3.09 QALYs were gained for each transfusion recipient prevented from HIV infection. During 2020-2023, donor HIV screening at Shenzhen Blood Center saved 506.76 QALYs, and each QALY saved 182 900 yuan. Conclusion: From the perspective of long-term benefit of transfusion recipients, HIV screening of blood donors demonstrates high health and economic value.

OBJECTIVE To compare the similarities and differences of the two methods in analyzing the use of opioids in third grade class A medical institutions and provide a reference for the management of opioids in medical institutions. METHODS Two methods， Defined Daily Dose （DDD） and Oral Morphine Equivalent （OME）， were used to count the opioid prescription data of five comprehensive medical institutions of third grade class A （named H1-H5） in Shanxi province in 2020， calculate consumption sum of opioid， annual per capita consumption sum， patient cost burden and drug consumption sum ratio， compare the index results presented by the two analysis methods， and explore the application scenarios of the advantages of each of the two evaluation methods. RESULTS The ranking of consumption sum of opioid and patient cost burden calculated by the two methods was the same in the five sample medical institutions， but the ranking of per capita consumption sum was different. Taking the 5 medical institutions as a whole， the top 4 rankings of consumption sum ratio for each species of opioid compared by both methods were the same， i. e. remifentanil＞sufentanil＞oxycodone＞morphine. The ratio of remifentanil was close to 50%. When comparing the ranking of consumption sum ratio in each medical institution， the ranking calculated by the two methods was different for those medical institutions except for H1 medical institutions. The consumption sum ratio of fentanyl calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that of OME method； whereas consumption sum ratio of remifentanil calculated by OME method was significantly higher than that of DDD method. Perioperative patients had the highest consumption sum ratio， about 50%. The consumption sum ratio of critically ill patients in H3 jwsydey@163.com medical institutions and inpatient patients with cancer pain and other patients in H5 medical institutions calculated by DDD method was significantly higher than that by OME method. There were differences in the order of cost burden of different types of patients calculated by two methods. CONCLUSIONS DDD method can accurately reflect the dosage of opioid drugs and facilitate the monitoring and management of the dosage； OME method can more reflect the analgesic effect and compare the cost burden of patients.