Objective To investigate expression of 4-1BB and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with acute infectious lymphocytosis. Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied to detect the expression of 4-1BB and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of 15 cases of acute infectious lymphocytosis and 20 cases of acute upper respiratory infection, and 20 healthy children. Results The expression of 4-1BB and CD3+, CD4+and CD8+lymphocytes were higher in acute infectious lymphocytosis group than those in acute upper respiratory infection group and healthy control group (P<0.05). There was no sig-niifcant difference of CD19+CD23+lymphocytes among three groups (P>0.05). A positive correlation was found between 4-1BB expression and CD3+ lymphocytes expression in acute infectious lymphocytosis group (r=0.73, P<0.05). Conclusions The abnormal expression of 4-1BB may play a pathological role in the development of acute infectious lymphocytosis. T cells in chil-dren with acute infectious lymphocytosis may not function to activate B cells.

Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) mRNA,p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) mRNA and cytokine in peripheral blood of children with measles and to study the effect and possible mechanism for TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway defects on immune suppression in the children with measles during acute phase.Methods Thirty children with measles hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases from June 2012 to July 2013 were enrolled into the measles group,and 30 healthy children were chosen as the healthy control group.The mRNA expressions of TLR and p38 MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β),interleukin (IL)-12,IL-6 and IL-10 in plasma were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and flow cytometry (FCM)was applied to detect the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation.The serum IgG,IgA and IgM levels were detected by velocity scatter turbidimetry.Results (1) The expressions of TLR2 mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA in the measles group were both significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with the healthy control group,the protein levels of IFN-γ,TNF-β and IL-12 in the plasma of the measles group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05).(3)Compared with the healthy control group,the percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio and the level of IgG and IgA in the measles group decreased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05),and the percentage of CD19 + increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no any significant change in the percentage of CD8 + and the level of IgM (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The mRNA expressions of TLR2 and p38 MAPK are low in PBMC in the measles children during acute phase.There are different degrees of suppression of cell immunity,humoral immune and cytokines disorder in children with measles.Defects of TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway may cause the formation of measles immune suppression.

Objective To explore the effects of seven-step complex decongestion therapy (CDT) on post-operative upper limb lymphede-ma of breast cancer. Methods From August, 2015 to September, 2016, 71 patients with upper limb lymphedema after breast cancer surgery accepted CDT for 20 days, including skin care, opening of lymphatic pathway, relief of scar tissue, manual lymphatic drainage, bandage compression, air pressure wave therapy and functional exercise. The circumference of eight sites of both limbs was measured and the differ-ences were calculated before treatment, and one, five, ten, fifteen and twenty days of the treatment. Results The differences of circumfer-ence increased one to 15 days of the treatment (Z>2.03, P<0.05), and decreased 20 days of the treatment (Z=3.01, P<0.01). Conclusion CDT is effective on lymphedema after breast cancer surgery for 20 days of a course, but may worsen in the first 15 days, which may be relat-ed to acute stress response or redistribution of lymph.

Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) on the infil-tration of macrophages and the expression of nuclear factor-κB in mice model of unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO).Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:injected intra-abdominally with saline-sham-operated group(saline-sham group,n =8),injection intra-abdominally with saline-UUO-operated group(saline-UUO group,n=8),injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-sham-operated group (anti-BMP4-sham group,n=8),and injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-UUO-operated group(anti-BMP4-UUO group,n=8).Either saline or anti-BMP4(group 200 μl/gram of body weight per day) were injected intra-abdominally for 7 days after surgery.Mice were sacrificed at 7th day to evaluate the expression of CD68 and p-P65 by immunohistochemical staining in each group.Besides,the p-P65 protein level was also analyzed by Western blotting in four groups.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expres-sions of CD68 and p-P65 were significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P<0.05,respectively).Similar to that,the p-P65 protein level was significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P < 0.05,respectively). Conclusion BMP4 participates in the process of renal interstitial inflammation in obstructive nephropathy, and may play a role through the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes and significance of costimulatory molecules CD40 and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG). Methods The CD40 expression and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in 15 children with EG (acute stage and remission stage) and 15 healthy controls. The level of serum interleukin (IL) -4 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The eosinophil (EOS) was count by blood cell analyzer. Results In acute stage, the children with EG had significantly higher expression of CD40, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD19+CD23+ in peripheral blood, higher serum IL-4 level, higher EOS count and lower CD8+ than in remission stage and control group (P all<0.05). There were no differences between remission stage and control group (P>0.05). In acute stage, the expression of CD40 in peripheral blood in children with EG was positively correlated with the expression of CD4+ and IL-4 (P all<0.05). Conclusions CD40 may be involved in the pathogenesis of EG. That the increase of IL-4 secreted by CD4+ T cells that were induced by CD40 results in abnormal increase of EOS may be one of mechanisms of the pathogenesis of EG.