Objective To learn the clinical manifestations and pathogenic situation of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Changchun children's hospital from 2009 to 2010.Methods We collected the faeces specimen and oropharyngeal swabs of 1 862 children patients who consulted in Changchun children's hospital from May 2009 to Nov 2010.The enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) and Coxsackie virus A16 (CoxA16) of 1 514 faeces specimens were amplified with RT-PCR,and 530 oropharyngeal swabs' virus were isolated with rhabdomyosarcoma cell.Results The total HFMD patients were 1 175 in 2010,687 in 2009.The rate of serious patients was 6.26％ (43/687) in 2009,and 16.51％ ( 194/1 175 ) in 2010.The season of peak incidence in 2009 was June,and in 2010 were June,July and August.The gender distribution was 1 241 males and 621females.The average age of HFMD patients was ( 28.32 ± 15.22 ) months.And the distribution in city and countryside was 1:1.05.Total of 1 862 cases ( 100％ ) had rash,55.69％ ( 1 037/1 862) had fever,6.07％(113/1 862) had neurologic symptom and 1.41％ (26/1 862) had vomiting when the patients admitted in our hospital.And there were 547 cases ( 29.41％ ) emerging myocardium injury,548 cases (29.43％ ) emerging neurologic complications and 82 cases (4.39％ ) emerging respiratory complications during treatment.There were 166 positive with positive rate 31.32％ in virus isolation.The positive rate of EV71 and CoxA16 were 9.62％ and 10.57 in 2009,and 32.52％ and 39.53％ in 2010.Conclusion There were more HFMD patients in 2010 than 2009,and the proportion of serious patients was increased too.In summer and autumn,we should pay more attention to HFMD for fever children.HFMD could damage digestive system,respiratory system,circulatory system and nervous system.The nervous system of serious patients is more likely to be damaged.The pathogens of HFMD are diversity,but mainly are EV71 and CoxA16,and the pathogen of serious patients is mostly EV71.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between thromboelastography (TEG) parameters and bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and whether TEG can be used to predict the risk of spontaneous bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis, and to provide a basis for its preventive treatment. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 174 patients with liver cirrhosis who attended Huadu People’s Hospital from May 2018 to April 2020 and did not receive invasive procedure, and according to the condition of bleeding, they were divided into non-bleeding group(n=64), gastrointestinal bleeding group(n=61), and mucocutaneous/oronasal bleeding group(n=49). The medical record system and laboratory information system were used to collect related information and laboratory test results for statistical analysis. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; an analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups. MedCalc software was used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated for commonly used coagulation markers and TEG parameters in predicting the risk of bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were determined, and the Z test was used for comparison of indices in predicting mucocutaneous/oronasal bleeding. ResultsOf all 174 patients, 110 (63.2%) experienced spontaneous bleeding, among whom 61 (55.5%) had gastrointestinal bleeding and 49 (44.5%) had mucocutaneous/oronasal bleeding. There were significant differences in maximum amplitude (MA) and K between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group (t=2.241 and -2.605, both P＜0.05). There were significant differences between the mucocutaneous/oronasal bleeding group and the non-bleeding/gastrointestinal bleeding groups in platelet count (PLT) and the TEG parameters of clot formation time, a-angle, MA, and coagulation index (CI) (F=3.947, H=12.867, F=4.007, F=8.498, F=5.420, all P＜0.05). Among the TEG parameters, reaction time and Lys30 were generally within the normal range, while there was a prolonged kinetics (K) time and reductions in a-angle, MA, and CI. PLT ≤40×109/L, MA ≤357 mm, K time ＞4.2 minutes, a-angle ≤51.6, and CI ≤-5.9 could be used to predict spontaneous mucocutaneous/oronasal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis (all AUC ＞0.7), with positive predictive values of 82.4, 88.9, 81.0, 72.7, and 73.7, respectively, and negative predictive values of 68.3, 72.5, 73.0, 69.4, and 66.7, respectively. ConclusionPLT and the TEG parameters of K time, a-angle, MA, and CI can predict spontaneous bleeding caused by abnormal coagulation in liver cirrhosis, while conventional coagulation parameters prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time cannot predict such bleeding, which provides a basis for the treatment of coagulation disorder and transfusion of blood components for patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective To determine the scores of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury(DILI)using Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM),Maria&Victorino assessment scale,and Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method(RECAM),to compare the accuracy of the three scales in diagnosis,and to investigate their clinical significance in the diagnosis of DILI.Methods A total of 98 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DILI who were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to December 2022 were enrolled,with liver biopsy results supporting DILI and a clear history of medication.Clinical data were collected from all subjects,and the above causality assessment scales were used for scoring.The chi-square test was used to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the causality assessment scales,and the weighted kappa coefficient was used to analyze the consistency between the three scales.Results For all patients with DILI enrolled,RECAM had the highest accuracy,with a significant difference compared with RUCAM(χ2=5.667,P=0.017).RUCAM and RECAM had moderate consistency in diagnosis(κw=0.469),while RECAM and Maria&Victorino scale had poor consistency(κw=0.156).For the patients with acute DILI,RECAM,RUCAM,and Maria&Victorino scales had a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 3.7%,11.1%,and 42.6%,respectively;for the patients with hepatocellular type DILI,the three scales of a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 8.9%,21.4%,and 62.5%,respectively;for the patients with cholestasis type or mixed type DILI,the three scales of a diagnostic inconsistency rate of 10.0%,22.5%,and 47.5%,respectively.Conclusion The use of RECAM and RUCAM scales in acute DILI can improve diagnostic rate,and for hepatocellular type DILI and DILI with the clinical manifestation of cholestasis(cholestasis type DILI and mixed type DILI),the use of RECAM and RUCAM scales can also improve diagnostic rate.The selection of causality assessment scales with a relatively high accuracy based on the course and clinical classification of the disease may help to further improve clinical diagnostic rate.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of pre-treatment non-enhanced chest CT radiomics features and machine learning algorithm to predict the mutation status and subtype (19Del/21L858R) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 280 NSCLC patients from first and second affiliated hospital of University of South China who were confirmed by biopsy pathology, gene examination, and have pre-treatment non-enhanced CT scans. There are 136 patients were confirmed EGFR mutation. Primary lung gross tumor volume was contoured by two experienced radiologists and oncologists, and 851 radiomics features were subsequently extracted. Then, spearman correlation analysis and RELIEFF algorithm were used to screen predictive features. The two hospitals were training and validation cohort, respectively. Clinical-radiomics model was constructed using selected radiomics and clinical features, and compared with models built by radiomics features or clinical features respectively. In this study, machine learning models were established using support vector machine (SVM) and a sequential modeling procedure to predict the mutation status and subtype of EGFR. The area under receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) was employed to evaluate the performances of established models.Results:After feature selection, 21 radiomics features were found to be efffective in predicting EGFR mutation status and subtype and were used to establish radiomics models. Three types models were established, including clinical model, radiomics model, and clinical-radiomics model. The clinical-radiomics model showed the best predictive efficacy, AUCs of predicting EGFR mutation status for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.956 (95% CI: 0.952-1.000) and 0.961 (95% CI: 0.924-0.998), respectively. The AUCs of predicting 19Del/L858R mutation subtype for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.926 (95% CI: 0.893-0.959), 0.938 (95% CI: 0.876-1.000), respectively. Conclusions:The constructed sequential models based on integration of CT radiomics, clinical features and machine learning can accurately predict the mutation status and subtype of EGFR.

Objectives To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cancer metastases to the thyroid gland.Methods At Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital,from 1980 to 2016 30 patients were identified with a metastatic malignant tumor of the thyroid gland.Results Primary tumor sites were in the esophagus (26.7％),lung (16.7％),and kidney (13.3％).The median age at discovery of thyroid metastasis was 56 years old.The time lapse ranged from 0 to 108 months.There were 18 patients with metachronous metastasis with median survival of 36 months,12 patients were with synchronous metastasis,and the median survival was 8 months (P ＜ 0.01).20 patients were treated with thyroid surgery,and of which 15 patients were given post-op radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Patients who underwent thyroid resection had a median survival of 15 months,while that was 8 months in those without thyoid surgery (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Metastases to the thyroid gland is a rare clinical phenomenon,the prognosis of patients is mainly related to the biological behavior of primary tumors,but surgical resection and combined treatment can increase the survival rate.

Targeted delivery of antibody bound to antigen is a precise drug delivery mode. It is regarded as one of the ideal targeted drug delivery modes due to its high specificity and affinity, which opens up a new way to successfully solve the problem of poor selectivity of chemotherapy drugs in antitumor therapy. Currently, the research on antibody drug conjugates(ADCs) that bind monoclonal antibodies to target antigens has become a research hotspot of molecular targeted therapy. This paper reviews the mechanism of action, targeting strategies and progress in the targeted delivery of ADCs, in order to provide reference for the clinical development of new ADCs.

Objectives:To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma combined with papillary thyroid carcinoma (combined carcinoma).Methods:The clinical data of 24 patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from Nov 2012 to Dec 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment methods, pathological results, and prognosis of all patients were examined.Results:The results showed that combined carcinoma accounted for 10.0% (24/241) of all medullary thyroid carcinoma cases. In the combined cancer group, 45.8% (11/24) patients had lymph node metastasis, and the type of metastasis matched the largest lesion. There were no significant differences in gendex ratio ( χ2=0.164, P>0.05), age at onset ( t=1.381, P>0.05), maximum diameter of lesion ( Z=-1.733, P>0.05), multifocality ( χ2=2.695, P>0.05), and lymph node metastasis in the central ( χ2=1.625, P>0.05) and lateral neck regions ( χ2=1.537, P>0.05) between combined cancer patients and those with MTC alone. The median follow-up time for the 24 patients was 77.6 months. Local recurrence was observed in 2 cases, while no distant metastasis was found. There were no significant differences in disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival between combined cancer and pure MTC groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The pathological characteristics and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma combined with papillary thyroid carcinoma are similar to those of pure MTC. Therefore, clinical treatment decisions can be similar to pure MTC.

Objective:To evaluate postoperative calcitonin level as a prognostic marker in long-term follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC).Methods:Clinical data of 146 MTC cases treated at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The relationship between postoperative calcitonin and disease-free survival was analyzed. According to the level of calcitonin six months after operation, patients were divided into normal level group and elevated group.Results:The median tumor size in those 146 cases was (1.78±1.22)cm, and 81 cases had lymph node metastasis. After 6 months of follow-up, 89 cases had normal calcitonin, with median tumor size of (1.63±1.20)cm, and 35 cases had lymph node metastasis . After a median follow-up of 56 months, 78 patients had normal calcitonin, 11 patients had biochemical relapse, 3 patients had structural relapse, and no patients died. 57 cases had a higher calcitonin ,median tumor size (1.97±1.22)cm, 46 cases had lymph node metastasis, 5 cases had distant metastasis, 18 cases had structural recurrence, and 7 patients died. Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, preoperative calcitonin, lymph node dissection and postoperative calcitonin were correlated with long-term disease-free survival (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative calcitonin and TNM stage were an independent prognosis factor for disease-free survival in MTC patients (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Postoperative calcitonin is a independent prognostic marker for long-term disease-free survival in MTC patients.

As the most common endocrine malignant tumor,the incidence rate of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year.However,the vast majority of subtypes have a good prognosis after traditional surgery,TSH suppression therapy and 131I treatment.With the progressive development of modern medicine,for a few thyroid cancers with poor effects of traditional treatment,molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy have further enriched the therapeutic means of thyroid cancer,in which BRAF mutation is widely present in thyroid cancer,but it often shows primary resistance or poor response to 131I therapy.The factors leading to primary or secondary resistance to targeted drugs with BRAF mutation may include genomic instability,expansion of resistant clones,occurrence of intrinsic mutations,or novel genetic and epigenetic alterations.In this article,we will review the research progress in targeted therapy resistance in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer.

Objectives:To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic risk factors in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with lung metastasis.Methods:Patients of differentiated thyroid cancer with lung metastasis in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were enrolled from Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 65 DTC patients with lung metastasis were collected in this study, including 56 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and 9 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma; 23 patients died and 42 patients survived. Median follow-up time was 99.4 months. There were 18 males, 47 females. Age 14-73 years, median age 51.0 years. High incidence of DTC lung metastasis was 50-59 years for males and 40-49 years for females. Based on AJCC 8th edition TNM staging, there were 37 patients in stage Ⅱ (age <55 years) and 28 patients in stage Ⅳb (age ≥55 years). The number of 131Ⅰ treatments performed ranged from 1 to 13 times, with a mean of 3.9 times. Firty-five patients were with lung metastasis alone, and 10 patients with lung metastasis and distant metastasis in other organs. Eleven patients suffered from hypoparathyroidism after 131Ⅰ treatment. COX multifactorial regression analysis found that age was independent risk factor affecting prognosis, multiple organs distant metastasis and pathologic subtype were relative risk factors affecting prognosis. There was no correlation between gender, number of 131Ⅰ treatments and poor prognosis. Conclusions:DTC has a high survival even with the occurrence of lung metastasis, but the prognosis is poor when combined with multi-organ metastasis. Age and multiple organ distant metastatic are independent risk factors affecting prognosis.