Objective: To investigate the mortality and life loss of malignant tumors among residents in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy for malignant tumors. Methods: Data pertaining to dead cases of malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021 were collected from Beijing Integrated and Analysis Platform for Health and Disease Prevention Monitoring Information Resources. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of potential life lost (YPLL), years of potential life lost rate (YPLLR), rate of standardized years of potential life lost (SYPLLR), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of malignant tumors were measured to analyze the trends in mortality of malignant tumors and life loss. Results: A total of 23 202 residents died from malignant tumors in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and the crude and standardized mortality rates of malignant tumors were 198.09/105 and 101.46/105, respectively. The standardized mortality of malignant tumors was 117.36/105 among men and 85.97/105 among women. The standard mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among all cases (APC=-1.515%, t=-4.289, P=0.005) and women (APC=-1.629%, t=-3.046, P=0.023), and the crude mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend=49.324, P<0.001). The five most deadly malignant tumors included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the three malignant tumors with the three highest life loss, with YPLL of 18 054 person-years, 9 446 person-years and 8 179 person-years, respectively. Leukemia had the highest AYLL (15.95 years per person). Conclusions The standardized mortality of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents in Xicheng District from 2014 to 2021, and men and the elderly people were at high risk of malignant tumors. Lung cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer were leading causes of death, leukemia was the major cause of life loss.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in the microglial cells and the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in the striatum of rats with methamphetamine (METH) treatment.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into two groups for injections with METH or saline. Specific antibody against OX-42 was used to detect the changes in the morphology and the number of microglia, and the activities of NOS, iNOS and cNOS were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe microglial cells were activated and their number significantly increased in the striatum of rats with METH treatment as compared with those in the saline group. The activated microglial cells showed bushy and amoeboid morphologies in the METH group. METH also significantly enhanced the activities of NOS, iNOS and cNOS in the striatum (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMicroglial activation and increased NOS activity may participate in METH-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum.

Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; enzymology ; Male ; Methamphetamine ; pharmacology ; Microglia ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

To investigate the presence of integrated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) ge-nome and analyze the integration information in the genome of NKTCL cell lines. Methods: PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect EBV infection in five EBV (+) NK/T samples and four EBV (-) NK/T samples provided by the biobanks of the First Affiliated Hospi-tal of Zhengzhou University. Whole-genome DNA of the samples was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Whole-ge-nome sequence alignment was used to identify the EBV integration sequence. BLAST analysis was used to compare EBV fasta files of the samples and EBV fasta library. CREST software was used to extract softclip reads, filter all paired reads, and enumerate their distri-bution on chromosomes. The integrated genomics viewer (IGV) was used to compare the distribution of reads in partial regions of chromosome. PCR was used to amplify the high-frequency integration region of the EBV DNA. The amplified fragments were sanger se-quenced. Results: EBV DNA and EBER expression were detected in five EBV (+) NK/T samples but not in the four EBV (-) NK/T samples. Sequencing depth, coverage depth, proportion of coverage, and proportion of alignment all met the requirements for subsequent re-search. Sequence alignment revealed that the captured sequences were viral sequences. Filtered reads were most numerous in EBV (+) NKTCL cell line SNK, YTS, and EBV (+) nasal NKTCL tissue. The reads were non-randomly enriched in chromosome 2. EBV DNA inte-gration in the 400 bp region of chr2:30234084-30234483 caused insertion or deletion in the chr2p23.1 site. Conclusions: EBV DNA is highly integrated in the chr2p23.1 site of EBV (+) NKTCL cells and may affect the expression of related genes.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), and their receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in EBV-positive T/NK lymphoproliferative disease [Epstein-Barr virus-positive T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disease, EBV(+)-T/NK-LPD]. Methods: The pathological paraffin-embedded tissues of 17 patients with EBV(+)-T/NK-LPD from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to December 2017 were collected. These patients include 12 males and 5 females, aged 10-82 years old, the average age being 29 years, 4 people in gradeⅠ, 7 in gradeⅡ, 3 in gradeⅢ, and 3 people with hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorders. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in human EBV(+)-T/NK-LPD tissues. The relationship between PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 expression, and clinicopathological parameters, pathological grades and prognosis were analyzed by Fisher's exact probabilities and Spearman rank correlation. Result: After statistical analysis, the results showed that in 17 cases of tissue samples, there were 12 cases with positive PD-1 expression, 6 cases with positive PD-L1 expression and 5 cases with positive PD-L2 expression. There was no significant correlation between PD-1 and PD-L2 expression and prognosis (P>0.05). PD-L1 expression showed a positive correlation with prognosis (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 with age, sex, as well as LDH and Ki-67 levels (P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant correlation of PD-1 and PD-L2 expression with pathological grade (r=0.141, r=-0.149, both P>0.05). However, there was a negative correlation between the PD-L1 expression and pathological grade (r=-0.563), and the correlation between the PD-L1 ex-pression and pathological grade was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 are abnormally expressed in the pathological tissues of EBV(+)-T/NK-LPD. Although there was no significant correlation between the expression of PD-1 and prognosis or pathological grade, it was significantly higher in EBV+T/NK-LPD. PD-1/PD-Ls associated signaling pathway is expected to be a potential new target for EBV(+)-T/NK-LPD immunotherapy.

Objective: To study the use of a three dimensional (3D) visualization operative planning system in Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (US-PMWA) for large hepatic hemangiomas (LHHs). Methods: A total of 50 patients with LHHs from January 2011 to August 2018 were included in Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, including 12 males and 38 females (age from 28.0~60.0, mean age was 43.0). Fifty patients with LHHs were divided into the 3D and 2D groups (25 cases in each group). The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by contrast-enhanced imagings on follow-up. Hepatic and renal functions were studied. The complete ablation, tumor volume shrinkage and complication rates were analyzed. Results: The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine after ablation in the 3D group were significantly lower than the 2D group [(126.7±56.4)U/L vs. (204.7±76.5)U/L; (141.0±60.8)U/L vs. (206.6±77.4)U/L; (57.3±17.6)U/L vs. (86.2±46.1)U/L; (66.6±16.6)mmol/L vs. (86.8±42.8)mmol/L, P<0.05, respectively]. Compared with the 2D group, the ablation energy, ablation time and proportion of hemoglobinuria in the 3D group were all significantly less, while the complete ablation rate was significantly higher [(93.7±3.3)% vs. (97.7±2.4)%](all P<0.05). Conclusion The 3D visualization operative planning system provided a scientific, quantifiable, and individualized therapy for LHHs using US-PMWA.

Despite being a common therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), insufficient thermal ablation can leave behind tumor residues that can cause recurrence. This is believed to augment M2 inflammatory macrophages that usually play a pro-tumorigenic role. To address this problem, we designed d-mannose-chelated iron oxide nanoparticles (man-IONPs) to polarize M2-like macrophages into the antitumor M1 phenotype. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that man-IONPs specifically targeted M2-like macrophages and accumulated in peri-ablation zones after macrophage infiltration was augmented under insufficient microwave ablation (MWA). The nanoparticles simultaneously induced polarization of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages into antitumor M1 phenotypes, enabling the transformation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into an immunoactivating one. Post-MWA macrophage polarization exerted robust inhibitory effects on HCC progression in a well-established orthotopic liver cancer mouse model. Thus, combining thermal ablation with man-IONPs can salvage residual tumors after insufficient MWA. These results have strong potential for clinical translation.