Objective: To study the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on brain development, learning and memory ability in young rats. Methods: A model of VAD in female rats and the offsprings were established. The growth and development, learning and memory ability, protein content, cell proliferative cycle of cortex and hippocampus, and hippocampus cell ultrastructure changes under electron microscopy of young rats were detected. Results: (1) The weights gain in VAD rats were decreased compared with the control. (2) The learning and memory scores in VAD rats was significantly lower than those of the control. (3) The protein content of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly lower than those of the control. (4) The cell proliferative index (PI) of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were higher than those of the control. (5) The synapses between hippocampus pyramidal cells and the small bubbles in synapses in VAD rats were significantly decreased compared with the control. The astrocytes of hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly increased. Degeneration was observed in many astrocytes in VAD rats. Conclusion: VAD can affect the brain development and the ability of learning and memory in young rats.

The abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in liver is the main feature of hepatic fibrosis,and collagen is the most important component in ECM.Collagen plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.Therefore,to find traditional Chinese medicine with significant effect on collagen metabolism has become a critical approach for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.This review summarized the role of collagen metabolism in liver fibrosis,and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicines with anti-hepatic fibrosis effect by regulating collagen metabolism was explored as well.

Objective To explore the expert survey of the weight and the current common weight of the similarities and differences in the quantitative analysis of the symptoms in syndrome evaluation. Methods Through the expert questionnaire survey, the data of the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. For the question of whether the weight of each symptom was the same, the frequency of the experts who gave yes and no was calculated. For the weight of the specific number of such openness, the weight given by the experts was listed firstly, and then the weight of frequency of each expert was calculated, and the frequency of the largest weight was selected as the weight of the symptoms to determine the weight of the syndrome quantification assignment in the evaluation of the efficacy of the syndrome, and to compare the obtained weight with the current weight. Results The weight of the two methods is very close in the weight of the primary symptom and the weight of secondary symptom. But as for whether the weight of the primary symptom and secondary symptom is the same, the majority of the experts think that it should be different, and the current usual practice is to give the same weight. Conclusion During the weight determination, not every primary symptom or secondary symptom is the same important. Therefore, the practice of giving the same weight to evry primary symptom and secondary symptom is questionable.

Objective To investigate the status quo of psychological pressure in female infertility patients so as to provide the basis for carrying out the psychological counseling aiming at these patients .Methods The random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 760 female infertility patients .Results The patients with psychological pressure accounted for 84 .43% of the investigated patients .The cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with in‐vitro‐fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF‐ET) treatment was significantly more than that in the patients with pregnancy‐guiding and artificial insemina‐tion (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with higher educational degree was more than that in the patients with lower educational degree (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in technicians ,teachers ,staffs ,cadres and civil servants was more than that in the workers ,farmers ,merchants and the people with the other occupations (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with 2-5 year infertility was more than that in the patients with the other infertility years (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with visiting doctors for twice or over was more than that in the patients with visiting doctors for the first time (P< 0 .01) .Conclusion The female infertility patients in Chongqing have large psychological pressure .The doctor should actively communicate with patients ,answer the patient doubt ,ease the patient emotion ,mobilize the patients′family and society to care the patients .

with PsA in Chinese Han population from Shandong Province.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting rational use of vancomycin in the clinic. METHODS:Referring to vancomycin instruction,Guiding Principles for Clinical Use of Antibacterials (2015 edition) and Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Use of Vancomycin (2011 edition),720 inpatient medical records of vancomycin were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2013-Dec. 2014,and then drug use of those inpatients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Among 720 cases,male (428 cases)was more than female(292 cases),and most of them aged 41-65(45.83%). There were 50 cases of prophylactic drug use(6.94%)and 670 cases of therapeutic drug use(93.06%). The patients came from 36 departments. Among 720 cases,the dose of 19 cases were higher than 2 g/d,and there were 13 ADR cases(1.81%). Among 670 cases of therapeutic drug use,587 cases of microbiological samples (87.61%) were detected,and other antibacterials were used in 522 cases additionally (77.91%). DUI of vancomycin was equal to 0.96 in 549 cases no younger than 18 years old of herapeutic drug use. There were 240 cases of unsuit-able drug use (33.33%) in total,including 192 cases of unsuitable solvent (26.67%),28 cases of unsuitable usage and dosage (3.89%)and 20 cases of unsuitable drug combination(2.78%). CONCLUSIONS:The use of vancomycin in our hospital is basi-cally rational;vancomycin is widely used in departments;drug combination is a common phenomenon;the inspection rate of mi-crobiological samples is qualified;no drug abuse is found. However,there still is inappropriate use in the clinic. It is recommended to strengthen special evaluation and training about rational use of vancomycin,and further standardize monitoring for vancomycin use so as to guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective To observe whether the increase of oxidative stress in PC12 cells could influence the levels of protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine and alter the cytoskeleton and cell morphology under clinostat condition,and whether the increase of content of nitrate/nitrite in cell culture medium could influence the cell proliferation and differentiation.Method Cell morphology,carbonylated actin and nitrotyrosinated tubulin,and mRNA and protein express of nNOS and iNOS were observed and determined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR technology in clinostat rotated and control static groups.At the same time,cell density was measured and cell cycles were detected with flow cytometry.The relationship between all these changes and NOS were also analyzed.Result The levels of carbonylated and nitrotyrosinated cytoskeleton protein were altered,no obvious changes in cell morphology but neurite outgrowth after on a clinostat rotation.Cell density also increased significantly,DNA synthesis in cell cycles was shortened.Conclusion All of these results indicate that simulated weightlessness do not alter cell morphology and is beneficial to the growth of PC12 cells.The mechanism involved may be associated with the increase of NOS activity.

Objective To investigate the clinical and radiological features of psoriatic arthritis,and to offer a basis to the formulation of diagnostic and classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis with high sensitivity and specificity.Methods A cross-sectionaI and retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical and radiological features of 61 patients with confirmed diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis,along with the clinical onset features and evolution rules of the disease.These features were compared with the traditional criteria for psoriatic arthritis.Results These patients exhibited divelse clinical and radiological features.Of the five types of arthritis involved in the traditional criteria,distal interphalangeal arthritis was diagnosed in 38 patients,asymmetric pauciarthritis in 5 padents,symmetric polyarthritis in 33 patients,arthritis mutilans in 4 patients,ankylosing spondylitis in 12 patients,and they symptomatically overlapped each other.Other types of arthropathy,which were not included in the traditional criteria,were also observed in these patients.For example,undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy was diagnosed in 17(28%)patients,peripheral enthesitis in 19(31%)patients,and arthritis in privileged sites in 6(10%)patients(5 in temporomandibular joint and 1 in sternoclavicular joint).In the case of radiological profiles in the traditional criteria,pen cap-like abnormality due to bone absorption was noticed in 6 cases,sharpening of finger tips in 6 cases,bamboo-like syndesmophyte in 5 cases,sacroiliitis grade 3-4 in 8 cases.Other radiological manifestations which were beyond the traditional criteria but found in the patients included fluffy periostitis(n=19),hyperostosis with ill-defined edge(n=12),bone erosion(n=25),local and assymmetry syndesmophyte(n=8),sacroiliitis grade 2-3(n=8),etc.The clinical findings hinted that psoriatic arthritis had diverse onset features,and took on a progressive course.Conclusions Psoriatic arthritis displays a diverse clinical,radiological and onset feature as well as a complicated evolution.The traditional criteria only cover partial characters,and could not satisfy the need for early diagnosis and accurate classification of psoriatic arthritis,and there is an urgent demand for the formulation of a new diagnostic and classification criteria for this disease.

Objective To study the effects of dammarane sapogenins ( DS-1226 ) on sleep interruption-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods 130 SPF healthy 5 -6-week old male ICR mice were randomly divided into control, model, DS-1226 low dose, DS-1226 medium dose and DS-1226 high dose groups.The behavioral alterations in open field (OF), Morris water maze (MWM) and step-through (ST) tests were detected at 15 days after rotating drum-induced sleep interruption ( SI) .Results The total distance, movement speed, total duration of movement were increased in OF test ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) after treatment.The latency of place navigation was increased from day 5 in the MWM test after 15 d sleep interruption, and the number of crossing in the target quadrant and the percent distance in target quadrant were decreased after 15 d sleep interruption ( P <0.05, vs.the control group), while the latency of place navigation was decreased, and the percent distance in target quadrant and percent time in target quadrant after high dose DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) were increased.Error times, distance in dark chamber, time in dark chamber and immobility time in dark chamber were increased in training of step through test ( P<0.05, vs.the control group);while these indexes were decreased after DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) .But there was no significant difference in the step through testing course.Conclusions The results show that orally administrated DS-1226 can ameliorate SI-induced learning and memory impairment, and there is a significant dosage-effect relationship.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of SAPHO syndrome.Methods Clinical data of 22 cases of SAPHO syndrome were analysed.Results There were 7 males and 15 females among the 22 patients.The average age at onset of cutaneous and osteoarticular lesions was 45 years and 44 years, respectively.Of the 22 patients,21 had palmoplantar pustulosis and 1 had acne fulminans.Anterior chest wall (ACW) was involved in 19 patients,peripheral joints in 4 patients and sacroiliac joints in 2 patients.Osteoarticular manifestations occurred prior to the onset of skin lesions in 10 cases.after that in 9 cases,and simultaneously in 3 cases.The mean interval between the onset of cntaneous and osteoarticular lesions was 2.7 years and the longest interval was 20 years.Conclusions Middle-aged females predominate in patients with SAPHO syndrome seen in dermatological clinics.Palmoplantar pustulosis and ACW involvement are the most common clinical manifestations of SAPHO syndrome.