The abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in liver is the main feature of hepatic fibrosis,and collagen is the most important component in ECM.Collagen plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.Therefore,to find traditional Chinese medicine with significant effect on collagen metabolism has become a critical approach for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.This review summarized the role of collagen metabolism in liver fibrosis,and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicines with anti-hepatic fibrosis effect by regulating collagen metabolism was explored as well.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting rational use of vancomycin in the clinic. METHODS:Referring to vancomycin instruction,Guiding Principles for Clinical Use of Antibacterials (2015 edition) and Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Use of Vancomycin (2011 edition),720 inpatient medical records of vancomycin were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2013-Dec. 2014,and then drug use of those inpatients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Among 720 cases,male (428 cases)was more than female(292 cases),and most of them aged 41-65(45.83%). There were 50 cases of prophylactic drug use(6.94%)and 670 cases of therapeutic drug use(93.06%). The patients came from 36 departments. Among 720 cases,the dose of 19 cases were higher than 2 g/d,and there were 13 ADR cases(1.81%). Among 670 cases of therapeutic drug use,587 cases of microbiological samples (87.61%) were detected,and other antibacterials were used in 522 cases additionally (77.91%). DUI of vancomycin was equal to 0.96 in 549 cases no younger than 18 years old of herapeutic drug use. There were 240 cases of unsuit-able drug use (33.33%) in total,including 192 cases of unsuitable solvent (26.67%),28 cases of unsuitable usage and dosage (3.89%)and 20 cases of unsuitable drug combination(2.78%). CONCLUSIONS:The use of vancomycin in our hospital is basi-cally rational;vancomycin is widely used in departments;drug combination is a common phenomenon;the inspection rate of mi-crobiological samples is qualified;no drug abuse is found. However,there still is inappropriate use in the clinic. It is recommended to strengthen special evaluation and training about rational use of vancomycin,and further standardize monitoring for vancomycin use so as to guarantee the safety of drug use.

Objective To explore the expert survey of the weight and the current common weight of the similarities and differences in the quantitative analysis of the symptoms in syndrome evaluation. Methods Through the expert questionnaire survey, the data of the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. For the question of whether the weight of each symptom was the same, the frequency of the experts who gave yes and no was calculated. For the weight of the specific number of such openness, the weight given by the experts was listed firstly, and then the weight of frequency of each expert was calculated, and the frequency of the largest weight was selected as the weight of the symptoms to determine the weight of the syndrome quantification assignment in the evaluation of the efficacy of the syndrome, and to compare the obtained weight with the current weight. Results The weight of the two methods is very close in the weight of the primary symptom and the weight of secondary symptom. But as for whether the weight of the primary symptom and secondary symptom is the same, the majority of the experts think that it should be different, and the current usual practice is to give the same weight. Conclusion During the weight determination, not every primary symptom or secondary symptom is the same important. Therefore, the practice of giving the same weight to evry primary symptom and secondary symptom is questionable.

Objective To observe whether the increase of oxidative stress in PC12 cells could influence the levels of protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine and alter the cytoskeleton and cell morphology under clinostat condition,and whether the increase of content of nitrate/nitrite in cell culture medium could influence the cell proliferation and differentiation.Method Cell morphology,carbonylated actin and nitrotyrosinated tubulin,and mRNA and protein express of nNOS and iNOS were observed and determined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR technology in clinostat rotated and control static groups.At the same time,cell density was measured and cell cycles were detected with flow cytometry.The relationship between all these changes and NOS were also analyzed.Result The levels of carbonylated and nitrotyrosinated cytoskeleton protein were altered,no obvious changes in cell morphology but neurite outgrowth after on a clinostat rotation.Cell density also increased significantly,DNA synthesis in cell cycles was shortened.Conclusion All of these results indicate that simulated weightlessness do not alter cell morphology and is beneficial to the growth of PC12 cells.The mechanism involved may be associated with the increase of NOS activity.

Objective To investigate the status quo of psychological pressure in female infertility patients so as to provide the basis for carrying out the psychological counseling aiming at these patients .Methods The random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 760 female infertility patients .Results The patients with psychological pressure accounted for 84 .43% of the investigated patients .The cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with in‐vitro‐fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF‐ET) treatment was significantly more than that in the patients with pregnancy‐guiding and artificial insemina‐tion (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with higher educational degree was more than that in the patients with lower educational degree (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in technicians ,teachers ,staffs ,cadres and civil servants was more than that in the workers ,farmers ,merchants and the people with the other occupations (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with 2-5 year infertility was more than that in the patients with the other infertility years (P<0 .01);the cases number of psychological pressure in the patients with visiting doctors for twice or over was more than that in the patients with visiting doctors for the first time (P< 0 .01) .Conclusion The female infertility patients in Chongqing have large psychological pressure .The doctor should actively communicate with patients ,answer the patient doubt ,ease the patient emotion ,mobilize the patients′family and society to care the patients .

with PsA in Chinese Han population from Shandong Province.

Objective: To study the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on brain development, learning and memory ability in young rats. Methods: A model of VAD in female rats and the offsprings were established. The growth and development, learning and memory ability, protein content, cell proliferative cycle of cortex and hippocampus, and hippocampus cell ultrastructure changes under electron microscopy of young rats were detected. Results: (1) The weights gain in VAD rats were decreased compared with the control. (2) The learning and memory scores in VAD rats was significantly lower than those of the control. (3) The protein content of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly lower than those of the control. (4) The cell proliferative index (PI) of cortex and hippocampus in VAD rats were higher than those of the control. (5) The synapses between hippocampus pyramidal cells and the small bubbles in synapses in VAD rats were significantly decreased compared with the control. The astrocytes of hippocampus in VAD rats were significantly increased. Degeneration was observed in many astrocytes in VAD rats. Conclusion: VAD can affect the brain development and the ability of learning and memory in young rats.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effect of Silybum marianum preparation in the prophylactic treatment of antitubercular agent-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI), since there have always been controversies over the development of Silybum marianum preparation for the prophylactic treatment of ATB-DILI. MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Silybum marianum preparation versus placebo in preventing ATB-DILI published up to November 30, 2018. STATA 12.0 software was used for statistical analyses. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the effect of Silybum marianum preparation. The Cochrane handbook was used to assess the quality of RCTs, and funnel plots and Egger’s tests were used to evaluate publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of each RCT on overall effect. ResultsA total of five RCTs with 1198 patients were included, and among these patients, 585 received Silybum marianum preparation and 613 received placebo. Silybum marianum preparation significantly reduced the risk of the onset of ATB-DILI at week 4 (RR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.15-0.75, P=0.008). In addition, Silybum marianum preparation had a protective effect on liver function in patients receiving antitubercular agents (alanine aminotransferase: SMD=-0.15, 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.07, P＜0.001; aspartate aminotransferase: SMD=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.23 to -0.06, P=0.001; alkaline phosphatase: SMD=-0.12, 95%CI: -0.20 to-0.03, P=0.008). Silybum marianum preparation had a similar risk of adverse events as placebo (RR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.86-1.39, P=0.47). ConclusionIn patients with tuberculosis, prophylactic treatment with Silybum marianum preparation can significantly reduce the risk of the onset of ATB-DILI after 4 weeks of treatment. In addition, Silybum marianum preparation can also improve the liver function of patients treated with antitubercular agents.

Objective To observe the different characteristics of spontaneous activitiy after simulated weightlessness 21 days in rats , aimed to provide a evaluation method for space weightlessness induced function change in human beings and to provide a reference for researches on the astronauts protective measures .Methods 30 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups , the control group , the sham tail-suspended hindlimb unloading group ( the sham group ) , the tail-suspended hindlimb unloading group ( the suspending group ) , ten animals in each group .All animals were placed in the simulated space flight environmental equipment which has a real -time monitor system for 21 days.During the 21 days, the intake of water , food and the body weight were measured every week .Meanwhile, five independent activity data were collect every day , for example, morning(8:00am~12:00am), afternoon(2:00pm~6:00pm), daytime(8:00am~8:00pm),night(8:00pm~8:00am),and whole day (8:00am ~8:00am).Results The spontaneous activity of normal rats in the control group between morning and afternoon had no significant difference , but it is significantly between night and daytime .The movement time and distance in night are 2 -3 times than that of the daytime.After 10 days of tail suspending , the circadian rhythm was disordered , and the spontaneous activity in day and night become more similar in rats of the suspending group .Because of the individual difference , the spontaneous activity is not stable at the first 10 days in rats of the sham group , but after 10 days, it become close to the control group .Conclusion Rat is nocturnal animal and sleeps in the daytime , the spontaneous activity in night is 2 -3 times as compared with the daytime.The sham tail-suspended hindlimb unloading 21 days can not influence the circadian rhythm in rats .Tail suspending 21 days will caused to the disappearance in the circadian rhythm in rats .

Objective To investigate the effect of tail-suspension,noise stress and combination of them on immune function in rats.Methods The rats were divided into four different groups,A: control;B: noise stress(2 h);C: tail-suspension(30?,21 d);D: tail-suspension added noise stress.The body weight,thymus weight and spleen weight,circulating leukocytes and its distribution,T lymphocyte subpopulations(with flow cytometry) and NO level in serum(with Griess method) of rats were determined after exposed to 21 d tail-suspension,2 h noise stress and combination of them.Results Compared with group A,the body weight were significantly decreased(P