Nowadays, AIDS becomes the serious public health and social pr ob lem. Discovering new anti-HIV active natural products from natural resources i s an important approach for new drug research and development. The paper review s the anti-HIV active natural products derived from marine microorganisms and m arine algae,and the anti-HIV active natural products' screening methods and ac tive targets.

Background:Myopathy due to smooth muscle cells( SMC)abnormalities is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis(DGP),however,the relationship between myopathy and advanced glycation end products(AGEs)is not fully clarified. Aims:To investigate the ultrastructural changes of gastric SMC in patients with diabetes mellitus( DM)and the relationship between expressions of contractile proteins and AGEs. Methods:Full-thickness gastric specimens from 30 gastric neoplasm patients undergoing gastrectomy from July 2012 to December 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University were collected. Of them 15 patients had DM( DM group)and the other 15 patients without ( control group). Ultrastructure of SMC was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of three contractile proteins[ myosin heavy chains( MHC),α-actin and calponin]and Nε-carboxymethyllysine( CML),the key component of AGEs in gastric muscular layer were determined by Western blotting,and expressions of MHC,α-actin and calponin mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. Correlations of mRNA expressions of three contractile proteins with protein expression of CML were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results:In DM group,significant ultrastructural changes were found in gastric SMC,including disruption of gap junction,swelling of mitochondria,occurring of lipofuscin in cytoplasm,increase in cell membrane alveolae,and thickening of basal lamina. Protein and mRNA expressions of muscular MHC,α-actin and calponin were significantly lower in DM group than in control group(P all ﹤0. 01),while protein expression of CML was significantly higher in DM group(P ﹤0. 01). In gastric muscular layer of DM group, negative correlations were found between expressions of MHC,calponin mRNA and CML protein(r= -0. 59,P=0. 02;r= -0. 63,P=0. 01),but no correlation was seen between α-actin mRNA and CML protein(r= -0. 49,P=0. 06). Conclusions:Disruption of SMC ultrastructure,decrease in contractile proteins and increase in AGEs are existed in gastric muscular layer of DM patients,and there is a negative correlation between contractile proteins and AGEs. These changes may cause impaired contractility of SMC,and subsequently lead to gastric motility disorders in diabetic patients.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease( GERD)is caused by dysfunction of lower esophageal sphincter( LES), which allows the contents of stomach and duodenum to reflux into esophagus. Currently,medical and surgical therapies are the main treatment for GERD,but patients need to take life-long acid suppression and the surgical treatment has the risks of potential side effects. Endolumenal therapy as a minimally invasive approach to GERD can safely and effectively relieve the symptoms of GERD,especially Stretta radiofrequency procedure,transoral noninvasive fundoplication( TIF ) and LinX reflux management system. This article reviewed the advances in study on endolumenal therapy for GERD.

Objective To establish content determination of hydroxyl safflower yellow A in Biyangqing.Methods Hhgh-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used in the determination.A C18 column was used for the separation flow rate Was set at 1.0mL/min,the temperature of the column was set at 30℃,and wavelength of diction was set at 403 nm.with 100.08%average recovery and 0.98%RSD.Conclusion This detrmination method is specific and reproducible and can be used to control the quality of Biyangqing.

Objective:To study the clinical curative effect and nursing interventions of CBP used in critically ill patients. Methods:critically ill patients were enrolled and given CBP treatment, then randomly divided into given nursing intervention and control group were given usual care. Cardiac function, renal function and treatment related complications were observed. Results:after the treatment, E/A, LVEF, LVEDD, Ccr were higher than that before treatment;Scr, BUN levels were lower than that before treatment;cases of arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypotension, cardiac packing, hypoxemia and puncture point infection, hematoma of observation group were less than control group. Conclusion:CBP therapy can improve heart function and renal function in critically ill patients and the nursing intervention measures can reduce the occurrence of complications in treatment.

Objective To study the significance of the expressions of HIF-1? and E-cadherin in cervical carcinoma. Methods The expressions of HIF-1? and E-cadherin (E-cad) were determined in the clinical specimens of 109 cases of cervical carcinoma, 16 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and 10 cases of normal cervical tissue with immunohistochemical assay. Results There was nearly no expression of HIF-1? in the normal cervical tissue. The positive expression of HIF-1? and E-cad were 81.4% (70/86) and 28.6% (25/86) respectively in the tissue of invasive cervical carcinoma. The rate of positive expression of HIF-1? was significantly higher in invasive cervical carcinoma than in normal cervical tissue and cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (P

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on myocardial tissue pathology,oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat fed a high-fat diet,and to explore the possible mechanism of CIH induced cardiomyocyte injury.Methods A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each).The control group was fed common rat forage,the high-fat group was fed high-fat forage,and the high-fat plus intermittent hypoxia group was fed high-fat forage combined with a 7h/d intermittent hypoxia treatment.The changes of myocardial tissue pathology and ultrastructure of cardiomyocyte,and the activities of apoptosis regulating factor cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases-3 (caspase-3) and oxidative stress marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were observed in the 3 groups after 4 weeks of treatment.Results There were significant differences in the activities of caspase-3 and MPO among the three group (F=89.94,71.24,both P＝0.001).The activities of caspase-3 and MPO were lower in the control group than in the high-fat group and in high fat plus intermittent hypoxia group [(0.21±0.06) vs.(0.80±0.11),(1.15±0.21),(3.20±0.58) vs.(10.87±1.96),(13.17±2.22),P＜0.01].The activities of caspase-3 and MPO were higher in the high-fat plus intermittent hypoxia group than in the high fat group[(1.15±0.21) vs.(0.80±0.11),(13.17±2.22) vs.(10.87±1.96),P＜0.01].No abnormal findings in the structure of cardiomyocyte were observed in the control group,while multiple pathologic damages in cardiomyocyte were detected in the high-fat group,and more obvious injuries in the high-fat plus intermittent hypoxia group.Conclusions The pathologic damages to cardiomyocyte are more serious in high fat and intermittent hypoxia group than in the high-fat group.Apoptosis induced by oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these injuries.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome treated with acupuncture at selective time and explore the effect mechanism.

METHODSEighty patients were randomized into a selective-time-acupuncture group and an acupuncture group, 40 cases in each one. Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected in the two groups. In the selective-time-acupuncture group, acupuncture was used at 9:00am to 11:00am. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was used at any time except in the range from 9:00am to 11:00am. No any manipulation was applied after the arrival of needling sensation. The treatment was given once every day, 10 day treatment made one session and two sessions of treatment were required. The fatigue scale was adopted to evaluate the efficacy before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The ratios among CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood were detected before ad b a after treatment.

RESULTSIn the acupuncture group, the total score of fatigue and the score of physical fatigue were reduced after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.05). In the selective-time -acupuncture group, the total score of fatigue, the s core of physical fatigue and the score of mental fatigue after treatment were reduced obviously as compared with those hefore treatment (all P<0. 01). The improvements in the scores of the selective-time-acupuncture group were superior to the acupuncture group (all P<0. 05). The ratio of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells was increased obviously after treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 05) and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was reduced obviously in the selective-time-acupuncture group (P<0. 05), which was better than that in the acupuncture group (all P<0.05). The total effective rate was 95.0% (38/40) in the selective-time-acupuncture group, which was better than 80.0% (32/40) in the acupuncture group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture therapy at selective time is effective in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome, which is especially better at relieving mental fatigue. The effect of this therapy is achieved probably by improving the immune function via the regulation of the ratios among CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; immunology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Qi ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult