Objective To explore the effects of the neonatal handling and enriched environmental stimulation on brain damage in neonatal rats with hypoglycemia.Methods Thirty-six neonatal rats were randomly divided into the normal group,hypoglycemia intervention group and the hypoglycemia non-intervention group.Those rats in hypoglycemia intervention and hypoglycemia non-intervention groups were weaned for 12 h,then the blood sugar of both groups were monitored.After neonatal rat models with hyperglycemia were prepared,the rats in hypoglycemia intervention group received the neonatal handling for 14 d and then were kept in an enriched stimulation environment for another 14 d.Rats in normal group and hypoglycemia non-intervention group were fed in the routine way.Neonatal handling was done when the rats were born for 24 h.The rat was rubbed with the brush from head to tail softly.Rats in the hypoglycemia non-intervention group was not handled.The enriched environment stimulation was used after 15 d when the rats were born.Rats in the hypoglycemia intervention group was put into the enriched environment for 1 h per day until 28 d when the rats were born,and rats in the hypoglycemia non-intervention group was put into the normal environment.Then the body weight was scaled at 0 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d when the rats were born.Space learning and memory were tested with Morris earter at their third month's age.After that,changes of pathology was observed in their occipital cortex.Results The weight increase,the ability of space learning,memory and the number of survival pyramid neurons of occipital cortex in normal group were better than those in hypoglycemia intervention and hypoglycemia non-intervention group(Pa

Objective To observe the changes of the intercellular spaces of squamous epithelium of lower esophagus in gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods Eleven outpatients with GERD symptoms more than 3 months [6 with nonerosive reflex disease(NERD)and 5 with erosive esophagitis(EE)]and 5 healthy volunteers were recruited.All of them underwent endoscopy and 24-hr ambulatory pH monitoring.Biopsies were taken in lower esophagus(2 cm above Z-line)for electron microscope examination.Results Intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelial cell in volun teers,NERD patients and EE patients were (0.374?0.073)?m,(1.308?0.079)?m and (1.332?0.144)?m respectively,with significant differences between the control group and the NERD or EE group.There was no difference between NERD group and EE group.Conclusions Dilated intercellular spaces were seen in both NERD and EE cases,which was significantly different from the control cases.

Objective To investigate the distribution pattern of genome?wide CpG methylation in the animal model of APP/PS1 transgenic mice with Alzheimer′s disease(AD). Methods This study investigated the genome?wide DNA methylation profiles in the cortex tissues using methylat?ed DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)combined with high?throughput sequencing. Results The analysis revealed 2 346 CpG sites existed only in AD mice,representing 485 unique genes as potentially associated with AD and these methylated DNA fragments distributed in different chromo?somes. Some hyper?methylated genes displayed familial aggregation. Conclusion There is significant difference in DNA methylation sites between APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice and corresponding wild mice,suggesting that DNA methylation may be involved in onset and development of AD.

This study was aimed to establish the TLC identification method of Radix Mirab ilis himalaic a. The β-sitosterol and daucosterol were used as the reference substances. The single-factor test was used. A variety of factors which affected TLC were systematically investigated to filter out the best TLC conditions for identification of different batches of medicines. The results showed that the best TLC conditions were as follows: silica gel G plates, extraction solvent (methanol), reagent (5% sulfuric acid in ethanol), extraction method (ultrasonic extraction with methanol), ex-tracted time (30 min), the agent (petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-acetone (5:2:1)) and sample volume (6 μL). It was concluded that the method, which had high separation degree, was reproducible and simple. It can be used as the quality control of Radix Mirab ilis himalaic a.

Objective To compare differences and similarities of the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. Methods An HPLC method was established to determine the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis. ZORBAX XDB-CN column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03%acetic acid (85∶15), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength of 265 nm, determination wavelength of 360 nm, and column temperature of 30 ℃. Results Regression calculation was made on peak area with the reference solution concentration, and then got the regression equation A=23.409C-26.398, r=0.999 8. Trigonelline showed good linear relation with peak area among the range of 2.004-200.400 μg/mL. The average recovery of trigonelline was 99.57%, RSD=1.11%. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the content of trigonelline of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. This study laid the foundation of application of the cultivated Himalaica mirabilis.

Objective To investigate the effect of norcantharidin on growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis of human rectal cancer Colo 320 cells. Methods Norcantharidin (NCTD) in different concentrations were added to rectal cancer Colo 320 cells. Morphological characteristics of apoptosis were observed using the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The expressions of Bag-1 and Bcl-2 proteins were tested by Western blotting. The growth inhibition of Colo 320 cells on the cell cycle was observed by flow cytometry. Results The apoptosis morphological changes of Colo 320 cells were observed by the light microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell count of G2/M phase in experimental group was higher than that in control group ( <0.05) but the cell counts of G0/G1 and S phases have decreased in experimental group after treatment with NCTD at the concentrations of 5μg/mL, 10μg/mL and 20 μg/mL, and presented dosage dependence relations. The expressions of Bag-1 and Bcl-2 proteins have decreased. Conclusion Norcantharidin has inhibitory effect on rectal cancer Colo 320 cells, and the effect may be related to the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and discuss four methods of calculating likelihood ratio of DNA mixture. METHODS: In the case with CNAS-T0757 proficiency testing in 2013, the likelihood ratios were calculated and compared among four methods, including unrestricted combinatorial method, Clayton's method, p2 principle method, and recommendations from ISFG. RESULTS: The likelihood ratios were maximum by Clayton's method and recommendations from ISFO, followed by result of the unrestricted combinational method. The minimum likelihood ratio was obtained by p2 principle. CONCLUSION The unrestricted combinational method could give fUrthest consideration to both information preservation and appraiser protection.
DNA/genetics* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions

Phospholipase D(PLD) is ubiquitous in bacteria,fungi,and mammal.In pathogenic microorganisms,PLD can be pathogenic determinant and play a role in spore generation.In mammalian cells,PLD functions in several signal transduction pathways,such as membrane transportation,mitosis regulation,and actin cytoskeleton regulation.In the process of pathogens invasion host cells,both of the pathogen and host cells’ PLD will be activated and a series of cascade reaction will be generated.During this process,pathogen’s PLD can regulate the polymerization and reorganization of its own actin filaments and induce the polymerization or reorganization of the host cell actin filaments near the foci,thus to promote the phagocytosis of the pathogen by host cell.Investigating the role of PLD activation in the infection will be significance for further understanding the molecular mechanism of pathogen-host cell interaction.

Objective To explore the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)on testicular germ cell apoptosis of experimental unilateral cryptorchidism in rats.Methods Forty immature male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into unilateral cryptorchi-dism group(n=20) and sham operation group(n=20).The 2 groups were divided into group treated with HCG and group without HCG.At age 21 days,unilateral cryptorchidism was produced.Half of the rats were injected with 20 U HCG from day 22 to 34 every other day.At age of 35 d and 60 d,rats were sacrificed for detection germ cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results Apoptosis index(AI) of cryptorchidism testis were higher compared with the scrotal testis in sham operation group(P0.05).AI of the scrotal testis of sham operation group and unilateral cryptorchidism group with HCG was higher compared with the correspond groups without HCG,and there were significant difference of AI between sham operation group and the correspond group without HCG at age 35 days(P0.05).Conclusions AI of testicular is increased both in cryptorchidism testis and scrotal testis in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism;HCG adds the number of apoptotic germ cells,and histology damage of testis is not completely recovery after stop using HCG.So clinical application of HCG must be cautious and operation ought to be done as early as possible in cryptorchidism.

Objective To observe the changes in cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables of children with frequent premature ventricular contraction (PVC)before and after creatine phosphate treatment,to examine the difference of CPET results between PVC patients and healthy children,and to evaluate the effect of frequent PVC on the cardiac reserve function in children.Methods One hundred and nine frequent PVC children and 98 healthy children underwent treadmill exercise test and CPET respectively,the changes of CPET variables were observed among patients before and after treatment as well as among the healthy children.CPET variables include maximal oxygen consumption/kg (VO2max/kg),maximal oxygen consumption/heart rate( VO2max/HR),HR( at different time point),anaerobic threshold ( AT),and AT/VO2 maximum prediction (AT/VO2max pred).Results Before creatine phosphate treatment,VO2max/kg,VO2max/HR and AT/VO2max in frequent PVC children were ( 22.9±7.4 ) ml/( kg·min),( 9.3 ± 1.5 ) ml,( 15.5 ±2.7 ) ml/( kg· min).After creatine phosphate treatment,VO2 max/kg,VO2 max/HR and AT/VO2 max were (26.4 ± 6.0) ml/( kg· min),( 11.4 ± 3.3 ) ml,and ( 17.4 ± 3.8 ) ml/( kg· min).These CPET variables after creatine phosphate treatment in frequent PVC children were obviously higher than those before treatment and there was a significant difference [ VO2 max/kg ( t =2.11,P ＜ 0.001 ),VO2 max/HR ( t =4.02,P ＜ 0.001 ),AT( t =10.2,P ＜ 0.001 )].Control group of 98 healthy children had negative CPET results.Conclusion Cardiac reserve function decreases in frequent PVC children.After treatment,the exercise capacity and cardiac reserve function can be improved.CPET can reflect cardiac functional reserve changes in PVC children.