Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology

Objective To understand the prevalence,drug resistance and clinical features of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRI) caused by escherichia coli.Methods From Oct. 2005 to Oct. 2006,659 patients with ALRI who were admitted to hospital were chosen and their nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained and cultured.K-B disc diffusion for antibiotic susceptibility were performed for these clinical isolates.Results Among 659 patients,118 cases were isolated escherichia coli,the rate was 17.99% which had 90 boys and 28 girls.Eighty-seven of 118 E.coli strains were with extended-spectrum ?-lactamase(ESBLs),the rate was 73.73%.All of strains were sensitive to imipenem.For ESBLs-producing strains,the ratio of resistance tocefotaxime,ceftriaxone,cefuroxime,ampicillin,piperacillin were 78.81%,73.73%,73.73%,76.27%,78.81%,respectively.Conclusions The positive rate of ESBLs producing E coli in Kunming area is high and drug resistance is severe gradually.Imipenem can be the first selection for treatment on these infections.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with Gitelman syndrome,and to identify the associated SLC12A3 gene mutations.Methods A suspected case of teenager-onset Gitelman syndrome was observed in our hospital.It was further confirmed by clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination.In addition,direct sequencing for the exons of SLC12A3 gene and CLCNKB gene region was conducted to identify the probable disease-associated mutations.Results The case showed characteristics of hypokalemia,hypomagnesemia,and low level of urinary calcium and onset by age of 18.By excluding the possibilities of long-term use of thiazide diuretics,laxatives,chronic vomiting and diarrhea,he was finally diagnosed as a case of Gitelman syndrome.Furthermore,by Sanger direct sequencing,2 coding variations were identified in SLC12A3 gene region,including T304M and L488P.L488P was a new heterozygous mutation.Conclusion Detection of SLC12A3 gene mutation could facilitate the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome and improve prognosis.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

Abstract： Objective　To analyze the value and influencing factors of cross-primer isothermal amplification technology(CPA) in clinical screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Methods　We collected 543 inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, including 179 patients with tuberculosis, 187 patients with pneumonia and 177 patients with other diseases. The patients' sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, pleural effusion and midstream urine were detected by CPA, smear microscopy, culture method and gene detection. The value of CPA detection in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and its influencing factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results　The total positive rate of CPA was 14.4% (78/543), and the positive rate of sputum samples accounted for 29.1% (39/134). Among the 78 cases of CPA positive patients, the tuberculosis group accounted for 69.2% (54/78), followed by pneumonia group 21.8% (17/78), and other diseases group accounted for 9.0% (7/78). Taking CPA test as the reference method, the "sensitivity" of smear microscopy was lower than that of genetic testing and culture, while the "specificity" was higher than that of culture and gene testing, and the "missed diagnosis rate" of smear microscopy was higher than that of genetic testing and culture. CPA test positive was related to gender, ESR and pneumonia. There is a good agreement between CPA test and culture method and gene test (Kappa>0.9), and a moderate agreement between CPA test and smear microscopy (Kappa=0.616). Conclusions　Sputum specimen is the best choice for CPA detection, while the value of pleural effusion detection is relatively limited. Sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and midcourse urine can be used as clinical specimens for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and other disease group", while sputum can be used for screening and diagnosis of "tuberculosis group and pneumonia group". Gender, ESR and pneumonia are the influencing factors of CPA positive patients. Therefore, CPA testing is worthy of clinical promotion, but more clinical research data are needed.

BACKGROUNDThe down-regulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are associated with the allergen-provocated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). This study aimed to determine whether their alteration also plays an important role in the AHR induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

METHODSHartley male guinea pigs, weighing between 250 g and 350 g, were injected with LPS at a dose of 1 mg/kg every 24 hours for three days. A non-selective NOS inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or a selective inducible NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), were used thirty minutes before each injection of LPS. Airway reactions, nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammatory changes were detected 24 hours after the last dose of LPS.

RESULTSAG significantly decreased the NO production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sharply reduced the intensity of bronchoconstriction to histamine challenge. L-NAME also significantly decreased the NO production in the BALF, but had no effect on airway reactions or, perhaps, a tendency to enhance the intensity of AHR.

CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that inducible NOS contributes to the AHR induced by repetitive intraperitoneal LPS, and constitutive NOS was also involved.

Airway Resistance ; drug effects ; Animals ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; chemically induced ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Guanidines ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

Objective To learn the immunity levels of pertussis and diphtheria among healthy people in Wenzhou City,and to provide scientific evidence for the effective control of the two diseases.Methods Stratified sampling method was applied in this investigation and 1 350 healthy people were investigated and provided serum samples.Vaccine immunization of pertussis and diphtheria and demographic characteristics were also collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was conducted to detect pertussis and diphtheria antibodies.Those with more than 1 00 IU/ml aged more than 3 years were also investigated the disease history.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was based on the test results.The attenuation trend of pertussis and diphtheria immunity levels after vaccination was analyzed contrastively.Results The antibody positive rate to pertussis was 36. 52%,and the median of antibody concentration was 1 9. 45 IU/m1 .The antibody positive rate and concentration was highest among 36 -60 years old people (64. 29%,36. 39 IU/ml ).The vaccination rate of population with more than 3 doses of DPT (Diphtheria Toxoid -Pertussis Vaccine-Tetanus Toxoid)was 95. 80%,and the corresponding positive rate was 24. 36%.The positive rate was 28. 57% in 0-3 month and 1 0. 71% in 1 0 -1 2 month after vaccination.The antibody concentration to pertussis had a negative correlation with days after vaccination(r=-0. 22,P<0. 05).The proportion of subjects with more than 1 00 IU/ml in population aged more than 3 years was 7. 91%.The estimated infection rate of pertussis for population aged more than 3 years was 49. 27%.The antibody positive rate to diphtheria was 96. 00%,and the median of antibody concentration was 0. 1 3 IU/m1 . The positive rate was highest (1 00%) among 1 -2 years old people and lowest (82. 5%) among newborns.Antibody positive rate (protective rate)and antibody concentration to diphtheria of population which had more doses of DPT or had vaccinated with DT were higher than those had not (P<0. 05 ).The sustainability of vaccine to diphtheria was higher than pertussis after vaccination of DPT.Conclusion Residents in Wenzhou are generally vulnerable to pertussis.Natural infection is considered to be an important influencing factor for the level of pertussis.The level of diphtheria antibodies in Wenzhou is high.The vaccine containing diphtheria is considered useful for children.However,it is suggested to conduct diphtheria booster immunization in older age group.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (Bzb), on osteoblast in pathologic status of myeloma bone disease. The myeloma bone disease was modeled by co-culture of mouse myeloma cell RPMI8226 with osteoblast line MC-3T3E1 from mouse calvaria, and intervenient culture of supernatant. The inhibitory effect of Bzb on proliferation of MC-3T3E1 assayed by modified MTT method, the apoptosis of MC-3T3E1 cells was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining, the expressions of osteoblast markers, Runx2/cbfa1, osteocalcin (OCN) and osterix (OSX) in MC-3T3E1 treated with Bzb were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Experiments were divided into 3 group: single cultured, co-cultured and supernatant-interveniently cultured groups. The results showed the Bzb in higher concentration inhibited proliferation of MC-3T3E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC(50) of 38.1 nmol/L for 48 hours, the Bzb in low concentration (5 nmol/L) did not show the inhibitory effect on proliferation of MC-3T3E1 in single cultured group (p>0.10), but could decrease apoptotic rate of MC-3T3E1 by 32.5% and 24.6% respectively in cocultured and supernatant-interveniently cultured groups, moreover increased the expression of osteoblast-related gene OSX, OCN mRNA and protein (p<0.05), while no obvious change of Runx2/cbfa1 expression was observed (p>0.05). It is concluded that the proteasome inhibitor, Bzb, in low concentration promotes the activity of osteoblast internal mechanisms, and prevents the apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by myeloma cells. In addition, it can up-regulate transcription and expression of osteoblast markers related to Runx2/cbfa1 path way, thus may protect osteoblasts in myeloma bone disease.
3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and investigate the influencing factors of the interferon (IFN) retreatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C relapsed after a previous IFN treatment.

METHODSA retrospective study was designed to analyze the retreatment with IFN of 60 relapsed chronic hepatitis C patients. All patients were from a randomized, opened and multi-center clinical trial about the efficacy and security of PEG-IFNalpha-2a compared to CIFNalpha-2a in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in China. There were 35 patients treated with PEG-IFNalpha-2a and 25 with CIFNalpha-2a. The main parameter to evaluate the efficacy was sustained viral response (SVR) rate. The influence of viral concentration in serum, genotype and drug categories on the responses to IFN were analyzed.

RESULTSFor all the patients, the end of treatment virus response (ETVR) and SVR rates were 55.00% and 35.00% respectively. ETVR rate of PEG-IFNalpha-2a was significantly higher than that of CIFNalpha-2a (74.29% and 28.00% respectively, P < 0.01). SVR rate of PEG-IFNalpha-2a was also markedly higher than that of CIFNalpha-2a (45.71% and 20.00% respectively, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the high and low viral load groups. Among the patients with genotype 1, ETVR and SVR rates of PEG-IFNalpha-2a (75.00%, 45.83%) were significantly higher than those of CIFNalpha-2a (22.22%, 11.11%), (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively), but in patients with genotype non-1, there were no such differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSome relapsed patients were not responsive to the IFN retreatment. The efficacy of PEG-IFNalpha-2a was superior to CIFNalpha-2a. The conventional IFN was not suggested to be used in the relapsed cases with genotype 1. The viral load was not associated with the efficacy of IFN retreatment.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies