Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine on rats with acute renal failure(ARF) resulting from ischemia-reperfusion(IR).Methods The model of renal IR injury rats was induced by nipping bilateral renal pedicels of rats with non-traumatic forceps for 40 minutes.The first adenosine group was given adenosine 10 mg/kg intraabdominally at 2 hours before IR.The second adenosine group was given the same adenosine at 40 minutes after IR.Serum creatinine(Scr) levels,the proportion of apoptosis of renal tubular cells(RTCs) and the pathological changes of renal tissue were observed separately in every group at 2,6,12 hours after IR.Results 1.At 12 hours after IR,in IR group Scr levels and apoptosis of RTCs count were(198.56?13.35) ?mol/L and 26.50?2.07,which were increased significantly compared with sham group.In the first and second adenosine groups,they were(113.85?(12.90) ?mol/L),14.67?3.44 and(218.79?37.65) ?mol/L,20.83?5.27,respectively,and all of them were higher than those in sham group(all P0.05).Conclusions Adenosine which is given to rats with IR before IR may be an effective pharmacological agent for prevention and treatment of renal IR injury.The mechanism may be relevant to saving energy and reducing cellular apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo study CT features of acute intracranial trauma and changes of hematoma in acute stage. MethodsCT findings of acute intracranial trauma of 152 cases were analyzed. ResultsIn 100 cases with intracranial hematoma, the hematoma enlarged obviously within 5-72 h after trauma in 25 cases; the hematoma enlarged markedly within 72 h-7d after trauma in 3 cases. In 76 cases of cerebral contusion, counter point trauma was found in 17 cases. In 61 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, high density in cerebral sulcus was shown in 49 cases. Skull fracture was found in 75 cases. Conclusions Intracranial hematoma may enlarge gradually within 7d after trauma. Cerebral contusion was partially due to counter point trauma. Hemorrhage in cerebral sulcus was demonstrated on CT as increased density in the cerebral sulcus, which is the most important sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hemorrhage in interhemispheric fissure was demonstrated on CT as centipede-line increased density, which is an important sign for differentiating from subdural hematoma. Skull fracture was closely related with lntracranial trauma, which was complicated with adjacent extradural hematoma frequently.

Objective To investigate the quality of life in young patients with hemodialysis and influencing factors .Methods Totally 128 young patients aged 18-44 years old with maintenance hemodialysis were performed the questionnaire investigation by using the self‐designed demographic information questionnaire ,Medical Outcomes Study Health Status Short Form (SF‐36) , Herth Hope Index(HHI)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) .Results The mean total score of physical health in the hemodial‐ysis young patients was (202 .49 ± 53 .94) points and the mean total score of mental health was (190 .85 ± 77 .81) points .In the va‐rious dimensional scores of living quality ,the scores of physical functioning and bodily pain were highest ,while the scores of physi‐cal function and emotional function were lowest ,moreover the scores of various dimensions were lower the the national norm (P<0 .01) .The multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of life was significantly correlated with hope level ,social support and economic condition ,which could explained 62 .8% of living quality variation amount .Conclusion The quality of life in hemodi‐alysis young patients needs to be improved .The medical care workers formulate the intervention measures ,meanwhile should pay attention to enchance patients′hope leve and social support .At the same time it is appealed that the government helps to solve the patients′economic problem in order to better improve their living quality and promote them return to society .

Acute Disease ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Theophylline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated apoptosis on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Methods Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats undergoing UUO were sacrificed at 3,7,14 days after operation. Additional seven rats underwent sham operation. Histological changes were observed by HE and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed on renal tissue for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Chromatometry was used to detect the content of hydroxyproline. Apoptosis cells were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the electrophoresis analysis of genome DNA. The mRNA expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which are important markers of ERS, were detected by RT-PCR. Western blotting was used to assess the protein level of GRP78 and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3). Results Compared with sham operation group, the degree of renal interstitial and the level of hydroxyproline content of UUO group increased significantly (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that a-SMA extensively expressed in renal tubular and interstitial cells. The apoptotic cells in the renal tubular and interstitium were continuously increased from day 3 to the end of experiment of UUO group. As early as 3 days after surgery, the mRNA level of GRP78 in UUO group increased compared with sham operation group (P<0.01), while the protein expression increased on day 7 after surgery (P<0.01). Prolonged ERS triggered apoptosis, the protein expression of caspase-3 increased significantly on day 3 after surgery (P< 0.05), and the expression sustained high level during the experiment afterwards. There was a positive correlation between GRP78 protein expression and hydroxyproline content (r =0.657, P< 0.01) as well as caspase-3 protein expression (r=0.714, P<0.01). Conclusions UUO induces a significant up-regulation in endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones at early stage, indicating that ERS response is activated in the rat kidney. Prolonged ERS can lead to renal tubular and interstitial cell apoptosis, and caspase-3-mediated ERS associated apoptosis may contribute to the fibrosis.

Objective To observe the expressions of antimicrobial peptides LL-37,human beta defensin2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 in the lesions of lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis,and to speculate the pathogenesis of cutaneous tuberculosis.Methods Tissue specimens were collected from the lesions of 18 patients with lupus vulgaris or tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and 15 patients with psoriasis,as well as from the normal skin of 10 healthy controls.The specimens were embedded by paraffin and subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis for the detection of antimicrobial peptides LL-37,HBD-2 and HBD-3.Statistical analysis was performed by using the SPSS 13.0 software package,and t test was carried out to compare the expressions of LL-37,HBD-2 and HBD-3 between these groups.Results LL-37 and HBD-2 were observed mainly in the upper and middle layer of the epidermis,appendages and vascular endothelial cells in cutaneous tuberculosis lesions.The expression levels of LL-37 and HBD-2 were significantly higher in tuberculosis lesions than in the normal skin (t =2.632,2.399,both P ＜ 0.05).Psoriatic and tuberculosis lesions shared a similar expression pattern for LL-37 and HBD-2.HBD-3 was absent in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis,but present in both psoriatic lesions and normal skin.Conclusions Both LL-37 and HBD-2 may participate in the immune response in cutaneous tuberculosis,while the absence of HBD-3 may contribute to the pathogenesis of cutaneous tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND:Col agen type II and proteoglycan loss are two most obvious manifestations of cartilage damage in the onset of osteoarthritis. Changes in col agen type II and proteoglycan as the main components of cartilage matrix directly lead to cartilage degeneration and subsequently result in osteoarthritis. How to reverse or prevent the development of this process becomes the focus of medical research. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe on the expression of col agen type II and proteoglycan in the articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis rabbits as wel as to further explore the mechanism underlying chondrocyte protection. METHODS:Ninety-six New Zealand rabbits, aged 9 months old, male and female, were selected to prepare osteoarthritis models in extension position using cast immobilization method, and were randomly divided into four groups:blank group (untreated), model group (simple modeling), Chinese medicine group (intragastric administration of extracts of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe, 24 mL/kg/d) and western medicine group (intragastric administration of glucosamine hydrochloride, 24 mL/kg/d). Intragastric administration was done once a day for 6 weeks. RT-PCR technology was used to observe the effect of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe on the expression of col agen type II and proteoglycans in the articular cartilage, and pathological examination was also done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cartilage surface was smooth in the blank group and Chinese medicine group, with uniform toluidine blue staining, but in the model group and western medicine group, the cartilage surface was rough and the toluidine blue staining was extremely uneven with obvious loss of surface and middle layer dying. The expressions of cartilage proteoglycan and col agen type II in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group (P<0.01) as wel as in the Chinese medicine group and western medicine group (P<0.05). In addition, the expressions of cartilage proteoglycan and col agen type II in the Chinese medicine group were higher than those in the western medicine group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the recipe of warming yang and benefiting marrow can enhance the expressions of col agen type II and proteoglycan, which can maintain the normal col agen phenotype and protect the articular cartilage.

Objective To investigate the influence of the different degree of internal carotid stenosis on the white matter lesion and cognition of Binswanger disease.Methods A total of 108 elderly patients with Binswanger disease from Department of Geriatric Neurology of Qilu Hospital were recruited during December 2013 and June 2014.At the end of follow-up,6 cases showed acute eerebrovaseular disease,39 (＜ 10 ％) had no internal carotid stenosis,31 (10 ％-49 ％) had mild internal carotid stenosis,32 (50％-70％)had moderate internal carotid stenosis through B ultrasound examination and MRI and MRA examination on internal carotid artery and brain.The B ultrasound examination of internal carotid artery included intima-media thickness (IMT),plaque index and the peak systolic velocity (PSV).Cognitive function of Binswagner disease was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).The white matter lesion was assessed by reformed visual Scheltens scale.The relationship among IMT,plaque index,PSV,white matter lesion,and cognitive function was investigated.The variation of cognition was observed after 1 year.Results There were statistically significant differences in IMT,PSV,plaque index,reformed Scheltens scale scores between groups of non,mild,moderate internal carotid stenosis (all P ＜0.05).The IMT was thicker in moderate internal carotid stenosis group than in mild internal carotid stenosis group (P＜0.05).The differences in PSV,plaque index,and reformed Scheltens scale scores between mild and moderate internal carotid stenosis groups were not significant (P＞0.05).There were positive correlation between PSV and reformed Scheltens scale scores (r=0.630,P =0.020).There were negative correlation between PSV and MMSE scores (r=-0.970,P=0.040).The scores of MMSE and MOCA both were declined after 1 year in three groups (0.61 ± 0.60,0.68 ± 0.81),(0.70±0.60,0.93±0.69),(1.06±0.68,1.13±0.76).The declination of MMSE and MOCA of BD patients was higher in moderate internal carotid stenosis group than in non internal carotid stenosis group (P＜0.05).The differences in the declination of MMSE and MOCA between moderate and mild internal carotid stenosis groups were not significant (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Internal carotid stenosis is one of risk factors for the cognitive impairment of BD,the abnormal IMT and PSV are both correlated with white matter lesion and cognitive impairment in BD.Early standardized therapy can postpone the rate of cognitive impairment in BD.

Objective To explore the risk factors and protective factors for stomach cancer in Ganyu county.Methods Data of 319 pairs of new stomach cancer cases and health controls(1:1 matched)were studied by conditional Logistic regression method on the influential factors.Results The main risk factors for stomach cancer were the habits of eating hot foods(OR= 2.21,95%CI:1.57～3.12),the history of upper gastrointestinal inflammation(4.26,2.59～7.03),family history of cancer(2.29, 1.37～3.82);The main protective factors were often eating raw garlic(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.42～0.96),regular drinking tea(0.37, 0.25～0.54).Conclusion Unhealthy dietary habits,the history of upper gastrointestinal inflammation and family history of cancer are related to stomach cancer,while eating raw garlic and regular drinking tea may be effective in preventing the occurrence of stomach cancer.The results could be applied in stomach cancer prevention activities in Ganyu county.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between aberrant crypt foci(ACF) and colon cancer by observing the sequential development of ACF in cancer models of rats. Methods The colon cancer models in 60 Wistar rats were established by subcutaneously injection of dimethylhydrasine (DMH) once a week for 18 weeks. The rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues stained by methylene blue were observed with a stereomicroscope. Results There were two types of ACF, named cACF and dACF. The microscopic findings in dACF were similar with that in early colon cancer, while those in cACF were not. The expression of β-catenin in cACF and dACF were 4. 84% and 100% (P =0. 000) , respectively, and the expression of MMP-7 were 7. 87% and 81.82% (P =0. 000), respectively. There was no significant difference in expression of β-catenin and MMP-7 between dACF and colon cancer ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The microscopic and molecular changes in dACF is similar with that in colon cancer, and dACF may progress to cancer through Wnt pathway.