In order to study the light propagation in biological tissue, we analyzed the divergent beam propagation in turbid medium. We set up a Monte Carlo simulation model for simulating the divergent beam propagation in a semi-infinite bio-tissue. Using this model, we studied the absorbed photon density with different tissue parameters in the case of a divergent beam injecting the tissue. The simulation results showed that the rules of optical propagation in the tissue were found and further the results also suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of the light could refer to the rules of optical propagation.
Computer Simulation ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Optics and Photonics ; Scattering, Radiation

AIM:To establish the quality standard for Siwei Jianghuangtang Powder(Rhizoma Curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli). METHODS: Rhizoma Curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli were identified by TLC,and the content of curcumin was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The TLC for the identification of Rhizoma curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli in the powder was accurate.While the content of curcumin was determined by HPLC,curcumin showed good linear relationship at a range of 0.022 4-0.179 ?g,r=0.999 7.The average recovery of curcumin was 99.4%(n=9) and RSD was 1.46% by HPLC. CONCLUSION: The method is specific,reliable and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Siwei Jianghuangtang Powder effectively.

According to that Y-chromosomal sequence in characterised by Y-specific repeat DNA family (DYZ1 ), which contain 800-5000 copies, a pair of primers Y3, Y4 is designed to amplify their 446bp long of specific DNA segment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), so as to detect male fetal cells in materal blood. In this paper male fetal cells in maternal blood can be detected by PCR amplification of unpurified DNA from maternal peripheral blood during various stages of gestation (early, middle, late). Compared with villi, ammotic fluid and deliverd neonate sex their coincident rate are 93%. 100%, 87. 5% respectively among three periods. It is revealed that noninvasive examining fetal cells from peripheral blood of pregnant women for diagnosis of sex-linked inherited diseases is significant valuable.

With the development of clinical education,Urology Department in Xiangya Hospital has identified teaching object and scheme,and improved the condition and modality of teaching and the level and development of clinical teaching.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Bronchi ; abnormalities ; Bronchography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tracheal Stenosis ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To design and implement a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor for multiple users. Methods Multilevel menu on liquid crystal displayer(LCD) for switching among users based on digital signal processor(DSP) was developed. Record header in ECG records for different users was appended, and communication protocol between monitor and hospital center was made. Results This monitor could record three users’s ECG signal and transmit the ECG records to remote hospital center via digital communication method. The hospital center could receive and file the ECG records of different users. Conclusion This monitor can be used for three users and is more efficient in the application of ECG monitoring.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in classification of fetal arrhythmias, and conclude characters of each type of arrhythmias by analyzing wave forms of TDI. Methods Fifty-five fetuses suffered arrhythmia were included in study group. By comparing the results with control standard(M and PW), the sensitivity, specificity and reliability of TDI in diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias was calculated. At last, the character of waves by TDI of each type of arrhythmia was concluded. Fetal kinetocardiogram was made to identify the origin of arrhythmias. All cases were asked to perform electrocardiography and echocardiography examination after birth. Results The sensitivity, specificity and reliability of TDI was 98%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The character of atrioventricular waves and kinetocardiogram of 8 types fetal arrhythmias were conclude. Conclusions TDI has great value in classification of fetal arrhythmias.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To evaluate the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism array ( SNP array) in prenatal diagnosis for screening the abnormality of women with Down’ s syndrome ( DS) .METHODS:The amniotic fluid samples ( n=312) collected by amniocentesis for the DS screening abnormality women were tested by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, respectively.The findings of karyotyping and SNP array analysis were compared.RESULTS:Two cases of trisomy 21 were identified by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, but SNP array analysis failed to identify 6 cases of chro-mosome balanced structural rearrangement.SNP detected 176 cases copy number variants ( CNVs) in 303 cases normal karyotype were detected by SNP, including 106 benign CNVs, 61 variants of unknown significance (VOUS), 9 de novo CNVs, and none of them was pathogenic.The distribution difference of CNVs in DS screening positive group and DS screening positive plus advanced maternal age group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) .Furthermore, we reported 14 kinds of CNVs for the first time in population.CONCLUSION:SNP array can further assure chromosome microdupli-cation/microdeletion.In normal karyotype fetus of prenatal diagnosis, SNP can detect some clinical significant CNVs.

Objective To express and purify recombinant Tp0136 epitope fragment, and study the immunity activity. Methods The Tp0136 selective fragment(Tp0136B) gene was devised by the surface property analysis, solvent-accessible suface calculateions, secondary structure function region analysis, and was inserted between the sites of Nde Ⅰ and Not Ⅰ in pET22b ( + ) . The recombinant plasmid was expressed in E. coli BI21. After nickel ion metal affinity chromatography, the antigenic and immune reactivity of rTp0136B was confirmed. Then indirect ELISA with the rTp0136B as coating antigen was performed to detect the anti-Tp0136 antibody in sera from 100 normal human controls and 131 primary syphilis patients. Results The rTp0136B was soluble expressed with a molecular weight of about 28 000 and was obtained with a purity of ＞98% by chromatography. Western blot proved that the rTp0136B could specifically react with anti-Tp0136 polyclonal antibody. Specific humoral response was elicited by the recombinant protein in Japan negative. The positive detection rate in sera from primary syphilis patients was 85.5%. Conclusion This result suggested that the recombinant Tp0136 epitope fragments have a satisfactory immunocompetence,which may have applications in the serodiagnosis of primary syphilis.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic responses to transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapy in terms of normalization of prolactin(PRL),mortality,morbidity and the cost-effectiveness of PRL normalization in order to establish an individualized therapeutic protocol for the patients with prolactinoma.Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive series of patients with prolactinoma who were followed for at least 1 year after transsphenoidal surgery or medical treatment.The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes(normalization of PRL,morbidity or mortality)were assessed.Utilizing the principle of medical economics and data from the two types of treatment,we worked out a Markov chain and calculated the lowest cost of two kinds of therapeutic protocols.Results(1)The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in microadenoma was 85%(22/26),and that of medical treatment was 95%(19/20).There was no statistical difference between the two therapies(P＞0.05).The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in macroadenoma was45%(19/42),and that of medical treatment was 5/5.There was a statistical difierence between the two therapies(P＜0.05).(2)According to the Markov model,it would cost a microprolactinoma patient 25 129.25 yuan to normalize serum PRL by surgical treatment.This is comparable to the cost of medical treatment which would be 24 943.99 yuan.Whereas for a macroprolactinoma patient surgery would cost 35 208.20 yuan and medical treatment would cost 25 344.38 yuan.Conclusions Medical therapy is superior to surgical treatment in regard to complication rate and cost-effectiveness for macro-and extra big prolactinomas.Transsphenoidal surgery remains an option for patients with microadenomas.Markov model is an effective way to predict the treatment cost for patients with hyperprolactinoma at different ages and with different canses