Objective To investigate the current status and requirement of hospital and community nurse in urban district of Fujian Province, and to provide the basis for schools to cultivate needed person.Methods By stratified random sampling, 58 hospitals and 71 community health service centers or stations' directors or vice directors in urban of Fujian were investigated by questionnaires.Results The ratio of hospital doctors to nurses was 1:1.9, and the ratio of hospital sickbeds to nurses was 1:0.55, and the ratio of community doctors to nurses was 1:0.94.The academic degrees makeup of the hospital and community nurse was on the low side, and the technical secondary school's degrees took the largest proportion (54.89% ).The academic degree makeup among community nurses was lower than that among hospital nurses (P <0.01).The hospitals and communities need junior college graduates mostly (43.04% ) , and the hospitals' demanding quantity of high degree graduates was more than communities' (P <0.01).Anticipated demanding quantity of junior college graduates would take the largest proportion (50.32% ) and anticipated hospitals' demanding quantity of high degree graduates would be larger than communities' (P < 0.01 ).90% of the questioned hospitals and communities demand their paramedic persons with good capabilities of professional ethics, working attitude, theoretic knowledge, operation skill, language performance, interpersonal communication, harmonious cooperation, health education etc.Conclusions The quantity of the hospitals and communities nurses will be increased properly.The nurse of the academic and higher degrees needs to be improved.We should speed up to cultivate the person with specialty of nursing capabilities, further the reform of courses, and bring up the highly qualified and skillful paramedic persons to meet the urgent needs of the community, and to fulfill the demands of hospitals and communities sanitation service.

In order to examine the effect of IGF-1 on neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in young and olderrats.IGF-1 was applied by transventricular injection one day before operation of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Incontrast,the control groups were treated with vehicle. Methods: Bromodeoxyuridin (BrdU) was used as a marker of the proliferating cells,and PSA-NCAM as a marker of neural precursor cells,BrdU-labeled cells immunoreacted With MAP2 as a marker of differentiated neural precursor cells 28d after MCAO.Rats were administered With BrdU 6 days after MCAO.Immunohistochemistry was used to de-tect the expression of BrdU and PSA-NCAM immtmoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus 7 days and 28 days after MCAO.double im-munohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MAP2 of BrdU.labeled cells 28d after MCAO.Results:The number of BrdU-labeled cells and PSA-NCAM positive cells increased 5.1 fold and 3.2 7d after 1GF-1 infusion in older rats.and 5.5 fold and 3.2 fold in young r ts.compared with vehicle.treated group(p>0.05).The residual rate of BrdU.labeled cells were 79.2%and 75.1% respectively inyoungandolderrats (p>0.05),incontraryt 077.1% and 52.3%(p<0.05)invehicle.treatedgroups 28d after MCAO.BrdU/MAP2 positive cells increased after IGF.1 infusion with more clear effect in young group(p<0.05),compared with vehicle.treated group.Conclu-sion:Our results indicated that IGF-1 pretreatment induced the neurogenesis,ameliorated the survival of post-proliferation cells in MCAO rats and induced neural precursor cells to differentiate into neuron.Our finding will be helpful to developing therapeutic applica-t-ion of IGF.1 after brain injury in older patients.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in infants. Methods From December 2005 to July 2013, 25 cases TCS were confirmed by surgery in Shenzhen children's hospital. The ultrasonogram and MRI of 25 infants were analysed retrospectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ultra-sound and its clinical significance were evaluated. Results In 25 cases of TCS confirmed by surgery, the coincidence rate of conus level detected by ultrasound [96%(23/24)] was lower than that by MRI (100%(25/25)). Ultrasound showed reduced spinal cord vibration in 4 cases, disappeared spinal cord vibration in 21 cases. Two cases of reduced spinal cord vibration detected by ultrasound were confirmed as disappeared spinal cord vibration by surgery. The coincidence rate of disappeared spinal cord vibration detected by ultrasound was 91%(21/23). The sacral spinal seg-ments form showed by ultrasound were entirely consistent with those of MRI, including 4 cases of enlarged spinal cord, 13 cases of spinal cord without enlargement and 8 cases of spinal cord ended with rat caudate. Twenty-five cases of TCS had malformations:7 cases meningocele (3 cases combined lipoma), 14 cases myelomeningocele (5 cases combined lipoma, 1 case combined hydromyelia), 3 cases spinal canal-epidermis fistula (all combined lipoma) and 1 case solitary lipoma. Compared with the operation findings, ultrasound misdiagnosed 2 cases of myelomeningo-cele as meningocele, missed 1 of case lipoma which combined with meningocele. MRI missed two cases of spinal canal-epidermis fistula. Conclusions Infantile spinal ultrasound examination can accurately locate the position of conus, accurately display the spinal cord. Compared with MRI, ultrasound examination can real-time visually display spinal cord vibration and help to diagnose tethered cord. Ultrasound examination are convenient, repeatable opera-tion with low cost, therefore it can be used as the preferred screening method to diagnose of tethered spinal cord.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of curcumin (CUR) on cycteinyl aspirate specific protease-12 (Caspase-12) and pneumocyte apoptosis in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury mice.

METHODSThe in vivo unilateral in situ pulmonary I/R injury mouse model was established in C57BL/6J mice. Sixty experimental mice were randomly divided into six groups by random digit table, i. e., the sham-operation group (Sham), the I/R group, the I/R + dimethyl sulfoxide group (I/R + DMSO), the I/R + low dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-100), the I/R + middle dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-150), the I/R + high dose CUR pre-treated group (I/R + CUR-200), 10 in each group. Mice were euthanized and their left lungs were excised. Wet lung weight to dry lung weight (W/D) and the total lung water content (TLW) were tested. The morphological changes of the lung tissue were observed and index of quantitative evaluation for alveolar damage (IQA) detected under light microscope. The ultra-microstructure of the lung tissue was observed under electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-12 and glucose regulated protein (GRP78) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Apoptosis index (AI) of the lung tissue was determined by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.

RESULTSCompared with the Sham group, expression levels of Caspase-12, GRP78 mRNA and protein all significantly increased in the I/R group (P < 0.05); W/D, TLW, IQA, and AI were all notably higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the morphological and ultrastructural injury of the lung tissue were notably observed in I/R group. Compared with the I/R + DMSO group, expression levels of GRP78 mRNA and protein were increasingly higher in the I/R + CUR-100 group, the I/R + CUR-150 group, and the I/R +CUR-200 group (P < 0.05), expression levels of Caspase-12 mRNA and protein were lower (P < 0.05); W/D, TLW, IQA, and AI also decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the morphological and ultrastructural injury of the lung tissue were gradually alleviated in the I/R + CUR groups.

CONCLUSIONCUR had better effect on the lung protection against I/R injury, which might be related to inhibition for pneumocyte apoptosis associated with Caspase-12 in excessive unfolded protein response (UPR).

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Lung ; blood supply ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo provide DNA molecular marker for identification of Nelumbo nucifera by exploring the differences of nrDNA-ITS sequence of N. nucifera originated from different habitats.

METHODTo compare nrDNA-ITS base sequence using specific PCR-ITS.

RESULTThe completed sequence of ITS and 5.8 S rDNA, and the partial sequences of 18S rDNA and 26S rDNA, totally 750 bp, from N. nucifera were obtained. The differences among N. nucifera from different habitats and from different cultivars were found.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to identify N. nucifera among different species and to distinguish their fakes. It provided the basis for identifying N. nucifera from different geographical regions by comparison of their ITS sequences.

Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; classification ; genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; metabolism ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Geography ; Nelumbo ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

To study the role of long-term depression (LTD) in the mechanisms of learning and memory in hippocampus of rat, recordings were taken from freely moving animals that had undergone chronic implantation of a recording electrode in the hippocampus CA1 region and a bipolar stimulating electrode in the ipsilateral Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway. The recording electrode was inserted 3.8 mm posterior to bregma and 2.8 mm right of the midline, and the stimulating electrode was inserted 4.8 mm posterior to bregma and 3.8 mm right of the midline via holes drilled through the skull. The entire assembly was connected with a rubber socket on the animal's head and then stabilized with dental cement. The correct placement of the electrodes into the hippocampal CA1 area was confirmed via electrophysiological criteria and postmortem histological analysis. After 2 weeks of surgery recovery, the rats were placed in the familiar recording chamber for 3 days. The field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were evoked by stimulating with a square wave constant current pulse of 0.2 ms duration, at a frequency of 0.033 Hz and at a stimulation intensity adjusted to given an fEPSP amplitude of 50% of the maximum, and the baseline of fEPSPs were recorded for 3 days in the familiar recording environment at the same time each day. A novelty environment that was made of clear Perspex (40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm) was prepared and we examined whether exposure to a novelty spatial environment facilitated the expression of activity-dependent persistent decrease in synaptic transmission (namely LTD) at CA1 synapses in the rat hippocampus. The results showed that brief exposure to a novelty environment for 10 min facilitated the expression of LTD in the hippocampal CA1 area under no other exogenous high- or low-frequency stimulation protocol. This facilitatory effect was dependent on the activation of D1/D5 receptors: the D1/D5 receptors antagonist SCH23390 prevented the decrease of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during the novelty exploration. These data provided important evidence that LTD may underlie certain forms of learning and memory and that dopamine participates in the synaptic plasticity in the process of hippocampal spatial information storage.
Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; physiology ; Dopamine ; physiology ; Electrodes ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Exploratory Behavior ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and main influences on sleep disorder among Chinese children aged 0 to 23 months, as to providing scientific interventions for infant sleep disorder.

METHODSAll 7601 children under two years old were selected by stratifying samples from twelve cities in China. The objects' parents were surveyed with questionnaire. All data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software.

RESULTSThe total incidence of sleep disorders at 0 to 23 months was 21.94%. The main problems were difficulty falling asleep, nighttime waking and snoring. Feeding manner, sleep environment, sleep-associated habits and medical conditions were all influences on infant's sleep disorder.

CONCLUSIONSEnhancing sleep health education to change parents' nurturing modes should be an important role in preventing infant sleep disorders.

China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the clinical value of coronary artery Z-scores on echocardiography in diagnosing coronary artery abnormalities. Methods The echocardiography results of 612 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) at the acute and recovery phase were retrospectively studied. Coronary artery luminal diameters were converted to body-surface-area-adjusted Z-scores. According to coronary Z-scores classiifcation, all the subjects were divided to four groups:415 cases with no dilation (ND), 133 cases with small coronary artery abnormalities (SCAAs), 47 cases with large coronary artery abnormalities (LCAAs), and 17 cases with giant coronary artery abnormalities (GCAAs). Clinical features (gender, age, typical clinical manifestations, fever duration) and laboratory results (CRP, ESR, WBC, PLT) were compared among all the four groups. Coronary artery diameters and the Z-scores were compared between acute and convalescence phase. Results Along with the increase of coronary Z-score, fever duration was prolonged [ND group:(7.75±3.12) d, SCAAs group (8.50±4.12) d, LCAAs group: (8.57±3.58) d, GCAAs group: (11.88±4.33) d, F=22.375, P<0.05]. With coronary Z-score increasing, PLT also increased (F=22.029, P=0.000), and the highest PLT was observed in GCAAs group. There were no significant differences in the CRP, ESR and WBC among all the four groups (F=0.236, 1.116, 0.121, all P>0.05). No significant different coronary diameters were found in ND cases between recovery and acute phase [(2.24±0.34) mm vs (2.33±0.36) mm, t=1.926, P > 0.05]. But there were significant difference in the coronary Z-scores of ND patients between recovery and acute phase (0.41±0.82 vs 1.17±0.75, t=8.332, P < 0.05). The coronary Z-scores in SCAAs group (1.32±0.89 vs 3.40±0.62, t=11.073, P < 0.05), LCAAs group (3.12±2.27 vs 6.20±1.28, t=4.579, P<0.05) and GCAAs group (11.88±6.77 vs 20.4±9.70, t=3.480, P<0.05) at recovery phase were smaller than values at acute phase. Conclusions The KD coronary Z-scores are the body-surface-area-adjusted standard value, and not subject to the influence of children growth and development. Therefore, it may accurately evaluate the severity of coronary artery abnormalities and its recovery process. Accurate quantitative of the coronary artery luminal dimensions is important in KD clinical management and prognosis prediction.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the therapeutic effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy between the combined therapy of electroacupuncture and acupoint injection and the simple acupoint injection.

METHODSUnder the satisfactory control of blood glucose, 60 cases of diabetic peripheral neuropathy were divided randomly into two groups, 30 cases in each one. In electroacupuncture plus acupoint injection group (group A), electroacupuncture and acupoint injection with Methylcobalamin were administered. Penetrating acupuncture was applied from Gongsun (SP 4) to Quanzhong (Extra) and from Yongquan (KI 1) to Taichong (LR 3) mainly. Acupoint injection was administered on Sanyinjiao (SP 6). In acupoint injection group (group B), only acupoint injection with Methylcobalamin was provided on Sanyinjiao (SP 6). After 2 sessions of treatment, the conduction velocity of ulnar nerve and tibial nerve was measured. The scores of Chinese medicine syndrome and diabetic peripheral neuropathy were recorded before and after treatment in two groups.

RESULTSThe effective rates were 90.0% (27/30) and 63.3% (19/30) in group A and group B respectively, presenting significant statistical difference (P < 0.05). After treatment, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) of ulnar nerve and tibial nerve in group A were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After treatment, the score of Chinese medicine syndrome in group A was lower than that in group B (14.36 +/- 1.88 vs 26.58 +/- 3.52, P < 0.01), the score of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in group A was lower than that in group B (12.86 +/- 4.28 vs 17.89 +/- 4.35, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture and acupoint injection with Methylcobalamin achieve a significant clinical efficacy on diabetic neuropathy and its efficacy is superior to that of simple acupoint injection with Methylcobalamin. This therapy can effectively increase nerve conduction velocity, control and relieve the symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Nerve ; physiopathology ; Vitamin B 12 ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives

OBJECTIVETo compare the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LN) between laparoscopic resection and conventional open resection for early distal gastric cancer with meta-analysis.

METHODSOriginal articles published from January 2000 to December 2008 were searched in the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. According to the criterion, 14 articles were identified which compared the number of retrieved lymph nodes between laparoscopic resection and conventional open resection for early distal gastric cancer. Data were extracted from these trials by 3 reviewers independently and analyzed by Rev Man 5.0 software.

RESULTSA total of 1454 patients with early gastric cancer were enrolled, including 815 patients in the laparoscopic group and 630 patients in the conventional group. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes per patient was 3.26 less in the laparoscopic group as compared to the conventional group (WMD -3.26,95% CI -6.24~-0.27,P=0.03). The differences were not statistically significant in the articles published during 2005-2008 years (WMD -2.84, 95% CI -6.79~1.11, P=0.16), in D(1)(+)alpha/beta lymph node dissection (WMD -2.80, 95% CI -7.57~1.97, P=0.25), and in retrospective non-randomized trials (WMD -2.89, 95% CI -6.48~0.70,P=0.11).

CONCLUSIONWith the improvement in surgical skills, laparoscopic surgery and open surgery do not differ significantly in the number of retrieved lymph nodes for early distal gastric cancer with D(1)(+)alpha/beta lymph node dissection.

Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery