Tet (ten-eleven translocation) proteins belong to α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG or 2-OG) and Fe2+ dependent dioxygenases. Tets are found to be involved in the unique mammalian DNA active demethylation process by specifically oxidizing the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in mammalian genome, and play critical roles in gene regulation in early embryonic development and stem cell differentiation via regulating the dynamic balance distribution of 5mC. Abnormal expression and function of Tets are closely associated with various hematological malignances, including myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as solid tumors. Hence, Tets and Tets-mediated DNA demethylation are novel anti-tumor drug targets. Investigation of biological function and catalytic mechanism of Tets is helpful for further understanding mechanisms of tumor incidence and development relevant to DNA demethylation pathway and can provide reference for developing new anti-tumor targeted drugs.

AIM:To investigate whether Notch1 changes stemness and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in human glioma U251 cells.METHODS: The lentiviral vectors, which expressed Notch1-shRNA or Notch1 intracellular domain ( NICD) , were transfected into U251 cells .Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were applied to monitor the va-lidity of the cells, down-regulation of Notch1 expression or over-expression of NICD.The proportion of CD133 +cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of nestin and GFAP was identified by immunofluorescence staining.The forma-tion rate of tumor cell spheres and the implanted tumor growth in SCID mice were observed.MTT assay was performed to e-valuate the chemotherapeutic sensitivity to VM-26 and BCNU of the cells with different treatments.RESULTS:Stemness was significantly enhanced in the cells over-expressing NICD.For example, the proportion of CD133 +cells was increased, the expression of nestin was up-regulated, the expression of GFAP was down-regulated, and the formation rate of tumor cell spheres and implanted tumor growth were increased.The chemotherapeutic sensitivity to VM-26 and BCNU of the cells was decreased.In the cells with Notch1 gene down-regulation by RNAi, the stemness was inhibited and chemotherapeutic sensi-tivity was increased.CONCLUSION:Notch1, which leads to the change of stemness and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in human glioma U251 cells, is likely to be a potential molecular target for treatment of glioma.

OBJECTIVETo enhance the knowledge and the effect of the diagnosis and treatment of primary epithelioid sarcoma of the penis.

METHODSOne rare case of primary epithelioid sarcoma of the penis was studied with regard to its primary clinical process and characteristics, differential diagnosis and method of treatment.

RESULTSAn operation was performed on the penis to treat the epithelioid sarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistological and pathological techniques. There was no evidence of relapse during the three-year follow-up after operation.

CONCLUSIONThe possibility of primary epithelioid sarcoma of the penis should be considered if a mass or induration of the proximal penis and the symptoms of urethremphraxis are found. Total phallectomy could be chosen as an appropriate method of treatment. Unless adenopathy is palpable, node dissections are not recommended.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

The study was aimed to isolate and establish mesenchymal stem cell line from adult murine bone marrow as well as to identify its biological characteristics and differentiation potential. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were collected by flushing the femurs and tibias of 4 - 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, and were inoculated at a concentration of 1 x 10(6)/cm(2). mMSCs were isolated, enriched and expanded by using bone marrow adherant culture and monoclonal culture. The characteristics of the cells, such as morphology, growth pattern, cell cycle, phenotype, karyotype and multipotent differentiation potential, cytogenetic stability and tumorigenesis were determined. The results indicated that the cell population consisted of spindle- and star-shaped cells, they were highly positive for CD29, CD44, Sca-1, MHC-I, moderate positive for CD13, CD90.2 and negative for CD117, CD45, Flk-1 and MHC-II. mMSCs could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblast cells and chondrocytes. It is concluded that mMSC can be isolted, expanded and enriched by using bone marrow adhcrent culture and monoclonal culture. No tumor formations are observed for 3 months in nude mice after subcutaneous injection. mMSCs retain their properties after at least 30 passages in culture as well as from frozen stocks.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Integrin beta1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude

Using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, macroporous adsorbent resin, and reversed-phase HPLC, 115 compounds including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, treterpenes, coumarins, lignans, fatty acid derivatives, and simple aromatic derivatives were isolated from an ethanol extract of branch of Fraxinus sieboldiana (Oleaceaue), and their structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1 D, 2D NMR and MS techniques. Among them, 41 compounds were new. In previous reports, we have been described the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivities of the 41 new compounds and 22 known orii including 8 coumarins, 4 phenolic and 12 phenylethanoidal glycosides. As a consequence, we herein reported the isolation and structure elucidation of the remaining 50 known compounds including 8- hydroxy-12-oxoabieta-9(11),13-dien-20-oic 8, 20-lactone(1), 6beta-hydroxyfcrruginol(2),(+)-pisiferic acid(3), (+)-pisiferal(4),(+)-7-dehydroabiet6none(5), 1-oxomiltirone(6), subdigitatone(7), linarionoside B(8), (9S)-linarionoside B(9), (3R,9R)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionol 9-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside(10), ursolic acid(11), betulinic acid(12), euscaphic acid(13), (+)-syringaresinol(14), (+)-fraxiresinol(15), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol(16), pinoresinol(17), medioresinol(18), 8-acetoxypinoresinol(19), epipinoresinol(20), (-)-olivil(21), (+)-cyclo-olivil(22), 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4',9-trihydroxy-7,9'-epoxylignan-7'-one(23),(+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (24), (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 4"-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(25),(+)-syringaresinol O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (26), liriodendrin (27), ehletianol D(28), icariside E5(29) (-)-(7R, 8R)-threo-1-C-syringylglycerol(30),(-)-(7R, 8S)-erythro-guaiacylglycerol (31),(-)-(7R, 8R)-threo-guaiacylglycerol(32), 3-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2E-propenol(33),2,3-dihydroxy-l-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(34), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (35), 3-hydroxy-l-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(36), omega-hydroxypropioguaiacone(37), sinapyladehyde(38), trans-p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde(39), syringic acid(40), vanilic acid(41), vanillin(42), 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (43), (24R)-24-ethyl-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5,6beta-triol(44), beta-sitosterol(45), daucosterol(46), 2,6-dimethoxy-I,4-benzoquinone(47), 2,6-dimethoxy-pyran-4-one(48), 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)uracil(49), and mannitol(50). Compouds 1-7,12,18,28-37,44 and 48 were obtained from the genus Fraxinus for the first time.
Fraxinus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between the deformation of penile artery and the primary artery erectile dysfunction, and to improve the treatment and diagnosis of primary artery erectile dysfunction.

METHODSOne case of primary artery erectile dysfunction was presented with its primary clinic data.

RESULTSThe dorsal artery of the penis was thin and the bilateral penile arteries were lacking by arteriography. The implantation of a penile prosthesis significantly improved the patient's erectile function.

CONCLUSIONThe primary artery erectile dysfunction is a relatively rare disease. The possibility of primary artery erectile dysfunction should be kept in mind. Penile prosthesis implantation is an effective means for the treatment of primary artery erectile dysfunction.

Adult ; Arteries ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Penile Implantation ; Penis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography

BACKGROUNDIt was believed that inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was blamed for complications after cardiac surgery. To improve the outcome, many pharmacological interventions have been applied to attenuate inflammatory response during CPB. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ulinastatin (urinary trypsin inhibitor [UTI]) on outcome after CPB surgery.

METHODSTotally, 208 patients undergoing elective valves replacement between November 2013 and September 2014 were divided into Group U (n = 70) and Group C (n = 138) based on they received UTI or not. Categorical variables were compared between groups using Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using unpaired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. One-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's or Tukey's tests were used to compare values at different time points within the same group. The risk of outcomes was estimated and adjusted by multivariable logistic regression, propensity scoring, and mixed-effect models for all measured variables.

RESULTSBoth the serious complications in total, including death, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, and the other complications, including hemodialysis, infection, re-incubation, and tracheotomy were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). After adjusted by multivariable logistic regression and the propensity score, UTI still cannot be found any benefit to improve any outcomes after cardiac surgery. Also, no statistical differences with regard to duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, the length of Intensive Care Unit and hospital stays (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUTI did not improve postoperative outcomes in our patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate image quality (IQ) and radiation exposure of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) with prospectively electrocardiographic (ECG) triggered high-pitch spiral acquisition using dual source CT.

METHODSTotally 75 consecutive patients with a stable heart rate (HR) ≤65 bpm underwent coronary CTA. patients were divided into two groups according to their HR (group A HR≤60 bpm, group B HR >60 bpm to≤65 bpm) . A dual-source CT scanner was used (0.6mm collimation, 0.28s rotation time, 80~100 kV, 370 mAs/rot) . Data acquisition was prospectively ECG-triggered at 60% of the R-R interval with a pitch of 3.4. Images were reconstructed with 75ms temporal resolution, 0.75mm slice thickness and 0.5mm increment. IQ was evaluated using a four-point scale (1=excellent, 4=unevaluable) .

RESULTSThe mean HR and scan time of all patients was (57.2 ± 4.8) bpm and (0.42 ± 0.02) s. Of 1103 coronary artery segments, 934 (84.7%) had an IQ score of 1, 135 (12.2%) score of 2, 18 (1.6%) score of 3,and 16 (1.5%) were rated as unevaluable. There was no significant difference between the two groups in IQ [mean score (1.19 ± 0.52 vs. 1.22 ± 0.55;Z=-1.107,P=0.268) . The rate of evaluable segments showed no significant difference between the two groups (98.5% vs. 98.6%;X2=0.000,P=1.000) . Mean dose-length product of all patients was (67.2 ± 30.4) mGy × cm, mean effective dose was (0.94 ± 0.43) mSv.

CONCLUSIONIn patients with a stable HR of 65 bpm or less, prospectively ECG-triggered high-pitch spiral CT acquisition provides high IQ at low radiation dose.

Aged ; Bradycardia ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality Control ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of compound Puerarin on collagen IV of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

METHODSDiabetic nephropathy rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were allocated randomly to control group (10), diabetes model group (10), Vitamin C group (10), Puerarin group (10), vitamin C plus Puerarin group (10). The study period lasted for 12 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum collagen IV, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour, and clearance rate of creatinine collagen IV protein were determined by immunohistochemistoche analysis as well as type the gene expression of collagen IV alpha 1 mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization analysis in the kidney tissue of different groups.

RESULTS(1) Diabetes mellitus and renal function lesion occurred in the four groups. (2) Vitamin C and Puerarin could improve the general conditions of diabetic Rats, decrease blood urea nitrogen [(8.68 +/- 0.43), (7.98 +/- 0.47) and (5.76 +/- 0.82) micromol/L, serum creatinine [(74.68 +/- 8.20), (75.52 +/- 7.98) and (58.66 +/- 6.65) mmol/L], and urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour [(18.40 +/- 0.37), (17.24 +/- 0.30) and (9.97 +/- 1.27) mg/24 h x 10(-3)]; increase clearance rate of creatinine [(0.59 +/- 0.21), (0.61 +/- 0.14) and (0.69 +/- 0.32) ml/min], the expression of collage IV absorbance [(111.56 +/- 14.61), (110.78 +/- 9.69) and (95.44 +/- 9.97) ] in the diabetic Rats were significantly inhibited at the same time.

CONCLUSIONThe compound Puerarin might have some functions on preventing ren by inhibiting expression of type IV collagen.

Animals ; Collagen Type IV ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo develop a method for assessing sperm function by measuring released acrosin activity during the acrosome reaction (AR).

METHODSHuman semen samples were obtained from 24 healthy donors with proven fertility after 3-7 days of sexual abstinence. After collection, samples were liquefied for 30 min at room temperature. Standard semen parameters were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Calcium ionophore A23187 and progesterone (P4) were used to stimulate the sperm to undergo AR. After treatment, sperm were incubated with the supravital dye Hoechst33258, fixed in a glutaraldehyde-phosphate-buffered saline solution, and the acrosomal status was determined by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA). The percentage of sperm undergoing AR (AR%) was compared to sperm acrosin activities as assessed by spectrocolorimetry. The correlation between AR% and acrosin activity was determined by statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe AR% and released acrosin activity were both markedly increased with A23187 and P4 stimulation. Sperm motility and viability were significantly higher after stimulation with P4 versus stimulation with A23187 (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between released acrosin activity and AR% determined by FITC-PSA staining (r=0.916, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSpectrocolorimetric measurement of released acrosin activity might serve as a reasonable alternative method to evaluate AR.

Acrosin ; physiology ; Acrosome Reaction ; Adult ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Progesterone ; pharmacology ; Semen ; drug effects ; physiology ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; physiology