Object To investigate the effects of Congsheng Capsule (CSC) on free radical change after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and analyze the mechanisms of CSC anti cerebral ischemia action. Methods Bilateral carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion combined with tail bleeding hypotension were employed in this study. Changes in free radicals were observed by means of spectro photometry. Results CSC 1, 3, 9 g/kg could enhance SOD activity, reduce the MDA content, and decrease NOS activity and NO content. Conclusion The protective effects of CSC on cerebral ischemia may be mediated by its anti free radical and NO damage.

Object To investigate the profective effects of Congsheng Capsule (CSC) on cultured cerebral cortical neurons after cerebral ischemia reperfusion in order to study the anticerebral ischemia effect of CSC. Methods Drug containing serum was used to study the protective effect of CSC on neurons damaged during hypo glucos and hypoxia (3 h)/reoxygenation (0, 3, 6, 18 h), the demage to neurons was reflected by the increase in activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from cells into culture medium and the changes of apoptosic cells which were studied by flow cytometry. Results The serum preparation of CSC (2, 4, 8 g/kg) attenuated neuronal damage during hypo glucos and hypoxia (3 h)/reoxygenation (0, 3, 6, 18 h) by decreased LDH and changes in apoptosic cell numbers. Conclusion CSC has protective effects on cerebral ischemic damage.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum prolactin level and the secret mode of Th1/Th2 eytokines with clinical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods The serum level of The levels of PRL[ (21.58 ± 4.29 ) ng/ml vs ( 11.87 ± 2.57 ) ng/ml, P < 0.01 ), IL-4 [ ( 26.79 ± 5.08 ) ng/L vs (10.71 ± 1.35)ng/L,P <0.01 ] in SLE patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls,but IFN-γ [ (11.47±3.36)ng/L vs (18.36 ±2.61)ng/L,P <0.01 ], IFN-γ/IL-4(0.76γ±0.29 vs 2.30±0. 15,P <0.01) [ (38.52 ± 8.44) ng/L vs ( 14.15 ± 1.63 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] in the active SLE patients were significantly higher than that in the nonactive patients, whereas, the levels of IFN-γ [ (6.98 ± 2.72) ng/L vs ( 16.24 ± 2.57 ) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.35 ± 0.14 vs 1.24 ± 0.29, P < 0.01 ) were lower in the active group compared with the nonac-[ (45.12±10.44) ng/L vs ( 17.53 ± 5.42) ng/L, P < 0.01 ] declined while IFN-γ [ (6.31 ± 2.59) ng/L vs (16.89 ±4.43)ng/L,P<0.01 ] and IFN-γ/IL-4 (0.16 ±0. 11 vs 1.16 ±0. 27,P<0.01) increased when SLE patients in remission. Conclusions Hyperprolactinemia and imbalance of Th cytokines production which exhibited Th2 dominant are found in SLE patients. Prolactin and the degree of imbalance of Th cytokines production varies with the remission or exacerbation of the disease.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on rats' hippocampal neuronal damage induced by glutamate (Glu) in the culture.MethodsHippocampus was isolated from newborn SD rats and dispersedly cultured in the medium for 9 days. Neurons were incubated with TSG (5—100μmol/L) for 24h, the cells were washed twice with Lock's solution without Mg2+,then Glu 500 μmol/L was added. Thirty min later, the reaction was terminated by washing the monolayer cells twice with the Lock's solution and then cultures were kept at 37℃ for 24h. Cell viability was measured by MTT method and cell membrane damage was determined by LDH leakage; with Fluo-3/AM as an intracellular calcium indicator and added into the bathing medium, fluorescent intensity of intracellular free calcium were observed through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).ResultsAfter the treatment with 5—100μmol/L TSG for 24h, the decrease of cell viability and the increase of LDH leakage caused by Glu was obviously resisted dose dependently. TSG inhibited increase of Ca2+ in cytoplasm, compared with model group.ConclusionTSG can significantly promote the cell viability and reduce the cell membrane damage in Glu treating hippocampal neurons. The neuroprotective activities of TGS is mediated by inhibiting Ca2+ overload in cytoplasm.

PCR/ASO probes were applied to analyse the T-786C polymorphisms in 5′-flanking region of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)gene in type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropatby and healthy individuals.The results showed that the T-786C polymorphisms of eNOS gene seemed to be related to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and adenoid size as well as tonsil size in Children. METHOD: A total of 545 patients, 338 OSAHS patients (treated group) diagnosed by PSG and 207 patients with vocal cord nodules but symptoms of upper airway obstruction (control group), were enrolled from inpatient and outpatient between June, 2008 and October, 2010. The oropharynx and electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examination records of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. The patients in the treated group were also divided into mild group, moderate group and severe group according to obstructive apnea index (OAI) or AHI. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULT: In the treated group, 89.7% had grade III-V adenoid and 68.4% had grade III-IV tonsil, compared with 30.9% (adenoid) and 13.5% (tonsil) in the control group. The significant differences were found (all P < 0.01). The comparison between patients with different grades of adenoidal size and tonsil size in the treated group had indicated that patients with grade IV adenoid or grade IV tonsil have a higher risk of OSAHS than patients with grade III adenoid or grade III tonsil. In the treated group, the ratio of patients with different severity of adenoid or tonsil had increased with the severity of OSAHS (P < 0.01). This retrospective study had also found that most of the grading results from Electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examination were consistent with that from oropharynx examination. 13 (37.1%) of 35 patients with grade I or II tonsil diagnosed by Oropharynx examination were considered as grade III by Electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examination. CONCLUSION Adenoidal hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy are the risk factors for OSAHS in children. The risk of OSAHS and the severity of OSAHS are positively associated with the severity of adenoid and tonsil. The electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examination is an important examination method for diagnosing OSAHS in children, as well as determination of tonsil size.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Child ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; complications ; pathology ; Laryngoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Organ Size ; Palatine Tonsil ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; classification ; etiology

Objective To retrospectively analyze the data of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and to investigate the relationship between therapeutic modality and prognosis. Methods From January 2004 to December 2004, 781 patients with biopsy-proven newly diagnosed non-metastatic NPC were analyzed in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, who had MRI data of nasopharynx and neck. With restaged based on the Chinese 2008 staging system, 82 cases of T3N0-1M0 patients who were treated by RT alone or CCRT were enrolled. They were divided into group A (46 cases, RT) and group B (36 cases, CCRT). Results The clinical data was comparable between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 93.5 % (group A) and 100 % (group B)(P =0.046), while the 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 85.2 % (group A) and 91.7 % (group B) (P =0.498). N-Staging was the factor affecting the DFS. Stratified analysis showed that the 5-year OS of T3N0M0 patients was 94.7 % (group A) and 100 % (group B) (P =0.432), those of T3N1M0 patients were 92.6 %(group A) and 100 %(group B) (P =0.066), while the 5-year DFS was 73.7 % (group A) and 89.3 % (group B) (P =0.244). Multifactor analysis showed that CCRT was not the independent factor affecting the OS(HR =0.019; 95 % CI, 0 to 21.793), and N-stage was not the independent factor affecting the DFS (HR = 0.203; 95 % CI, 0.135 to 1.231×104). Conclusion For T3N0M0, NPC patients, CCRT is not superior to RT alone. Whether CCRT can improve survival of T3N1M0 NPC patients needs further study.

BACKGROUND: Cervical lymph nodes are draining region of cornea. It is believed that aqueous fluid goes through a minor pathway named uveoscleral drainage, which will allow passage of antigen-presenting cells (APC) directly to the draining lymph nodes and induce allograft rejection after keratoplasty.OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory effects of cervical lymphadenectomy in alkali induced high-risk corneal transplantation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology (No. 2006DA105054), Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University from May 2005 to February 2007. 144 male animals (1-2 months old) including 104 SD rats and 40 Wistar rats were provided by the animal experimental center of Sun Yat-sen University. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were brought from BioSource International company (USA). The animal treatment in the experiment was accorded with the statement in Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) for animals.METHODS: With the SD rats as recipients, and Wistar rats as donors, all rats were subjected to corneal allografting. The recipient rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20): group A (control group) which underwent corneal transplantation; group B which was subjected to bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy; group C, corneal transplantation 21 days after the alkali burn injury; group D, cervical lymphadenectomy following group C. The immune rejection of grafts was evaluated by detecting the expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 using ELISA. The time when allograft rejection occurred was recorded and mean survival time (MST) was compared among the groups. The development of corneal inflammation and new vessels was examined by slit lamp microscope and histopathological examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The development of corneal inflammation after corneal alkaline burns. ②MST of rats in each group following transplant. ③The expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in grafts of each group. RESULTS: ①Normal rat cornea was transparent without inflammation or neovascularization. There were many inflammatory cells invading to stroma on day 3 after burn. Then, the inflammation of cornea resolved gradually 3 weeks after the burn, but corneal neovascularization reached the peak at that time. Corneal blood vessels regressed completely at the end of 8 weeks after the burn. ②The MST of group A, B, C, and D was (10.40±1.14), (46.30±9.46), (7.00±1.58), and (15.00±3.39) days, respectively. Compared with the group A, the MST of group B was significantly longer (P < 0.05), and the MST of grafts in group D was also significantly longer than group C (P < 0.05). ③The expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 proteins was absent in group B. Compared with group C, the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ proteins in group D significantly decreased on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after keratoplasty (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical lymphadenectomy therapy can effectively inhibit corneal allograft rejection in normal and high-risk corneal beds after alkali burn injury.

Aim To purify L-amino acid oxidase(LAAO) from the venom of Naja atra and study its effect on endothelial cells.Methods The NAV-LAAO was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography.The MTT assay and Western blot were used to detect the viability and apoptosis of HUVEC.The tubule-forming was used to study the angiogenesis of cells.Results The NAV-LAAO was purified successfully from the venom of Naja atra.The molecular weight of NAV-LAAO was determined to be 58 ku by SDS-PAGE.NAV-LAAO effectively inhibited the growth and tubule-forming of HUVEC,and the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 21.42 mg?L-1.Compared with control,the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 increased in HUVEC treated with NAV-LAAO.Conclusions The NAV-LAAO is purified successfully from Naja atra venom by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography.The NAV-LAAO inhibits the growth and tubule-forming capacity of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner.

AIM:To investigate morphologic and functional changes of small intestinal mucosa and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in postoperative portal hypertension patients with single or combined administration of Gln and rhGH.METHODS:Twenty-nine portal hypertension patients with surgical treatment were prospectively randomized to four groups as follows:① Gln group(n=6);② rhGH group(n=8);③ Gln+rhGH group(n=7)and ④ control group(n=8).A standard solution for TPN was given three days after operation for a week.The concentration ratio of urinary lactulose and mannitol(L/M),the villus height and crypt depth and PCNA index of small intestinal mucosa were compared.RESULTS:A week after TPN postoperation,the increased ratios of L/M in Gln+rhGH group were less than those in control group(P0.05).CONCLUSION:This study suggest that Gln together with rhGH reduce the intestinal permeability and protect the mucosa integrality in postoperative portal hypertension patients,but not in single treatment.