Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common digestive diseases with high prevalence and long course.CC patients often suffer from sleep disorders and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.Somatic and mental symptoms may affect with each other, so a vicious circle will develop to impair patients′ quality of life (QOL) and increase their economic burden.The article reviews the impact of chronic constipation on QOL and economic burden of patients, indicating that clinician should pay sufficient attentions on chronic constipation.

Objective:To investigate the current status of periodontal diseases in the population at the age of 12,35~44 and 65~74 years in Chongqing,to provide information for the establishment of oral health care policies in Chongqing. Methods:A stratified equal-sized randomly sampling design was applied to obtain 751 objects aged at 12 years old,723 objects aged at 35~44 years old and 722 objects aged at 65~74 years old of three cities and three rural areas in Chongqing. The status of gingival bleeding,dental calculus,periodontal pocket and loss of attachment were assessed according to "The Guidline for the Third National Oral Health Survey" by using a CPI prode.The detection rates were calculated and were compared in aspect of area and gender. Results:In the group aged 12,the detection rates of gingival bleeding and dental calculus were 79.49% and 86.68% respectively and the detection rates of dental calculus in rural areas were higher than that of urban residents(P

Objective:To explore the significance of ethical issues in emergency medicine.Method:Literature review combined with specific features of emergency department in author's hospital is employed to explore the ethical issues in current emergency medicine,and the necessity to emphasize ethical issues.Related countermeasures are also come up with according to a small sample investigation among emergency residents in author's hospital.Result:Due to the unique characteristics of emergency medicine,there are specific ethical issues arising in emergency department.Conclusion:Enough emphasis should be attached to the reasons for ethical issues in emergency medicine.Relevant regulations and patients triage should be improved in emergency medical treatment.It is also called for to value patients' legal rights,strengthen physician-patient communication,and protect patients' life safety after emergency treatment.Meanwhile,it is also significant to relieve emergency doctors' stress at work,and strengthen sustainable on-job training and team-work of emergency doctors.

AIM:To establish a simple RP-HPLC method for determining levodopa in Mucuna pruriens var.utilis,and study the levodopa content in different parts of Mucuna pruriens var.utilis and in various growth periods two cultispecies(white flower and purpleflower). METHODS: A RP-HPLC method was used for the determination of levodopa on a Polaris RP-C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column.The mobile phase was methanol-potassium dihydrogne phosphate(10∶90,pH3.38)for seed,flower,leaf,stem and root,and methanol-potassium dihydrogne phosphate(5∶95,pH3.17)for pod.The detection wavelength was at 280 nm,and flow rate was 1 mL/min. RESULTS: The levodopa content in seed and white-flower cultispecies were higher.In the growth periods,the levodopa content was higher in the sample collected when the pod matured and became dry. CONCLUSION: White-flower cultispecies of M.pruriens var.utilis is the good cultispecies.matured and dry pod is the optimal harvesting time for this herbal medicine.

Objective:To obtain the morphological data of permanent teeth excavated from the Long County in Shaanxi Province about 2 000 years ago.Methods:Morphological methods were used to measure all teeth of 59 human skulls excavated from the Long County in Shaanxi Province about 2 000 years ago and conserved in Chinese Academy of Science.The information included length of tooth,height of dental crown,length of dental root,breadth of the dental crown,thickness of the dental crown,breadth of the dental neck and thickness of the dental neck.The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results:Length of tooth,height of dental crown,length of dental root,breadth of the dental crown,thickness of the dental crown,breadth of the dental neck and thickness of the dental neck of all teeth of 59 human skulls were reported.Conclusion:It suggests that the measured data may be useful in anthropological research.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of free transfer of Abductor hallucis muscle plus anastomosis of blood vessels and nerves for dynamic reanimation of the established facial paralysis.Methods: Twenty-eight patients who received the above-mentioned treatment during March 1999 to November 2006 were followed up.The follow-up period was 1 to 16 years,with a median period of 4 years.The facial pictures of frontal view were analyzed before and after operation.T-FGS and facial nerve function index(FNFI) were used to evaluate the facial nerve function before and after operation.Meanwhile,the survival of the graft,the width of the face,the scar,and the function of the foot were analyzed and compared.Results: All patients obtained satisfactory symmetric faces in static state and voluntary contraction of the transferred muscles.Twenty-two patients obtained ideal smiling faces.The T-FGS score increased by(27?7.2) points and the score of FNFI increased by(57?10.7)% after transplantation(P

Functional dyspepsia(FD)is a commonly seen gastrointestinal disease. Dyspepsia symptom scale and quality of life questionnaire are two objective approaches for evaluating the efficacy of intervention measures on FD. This article reviewed the advances in study on evaluation of FD by dyspepsia symptom scale and quality of life questionnaire.

Antithyroid drugs(ATD)is the main treatment for hyperthyroidism and its adverse reactions have been much concerned by physicians. Methimazole(MMI)and propylthiouracil(PTU)are the two common antitithyroid drugs used currently. Generally, the ATD are safe and effective, though their clinical adverse reactions are also relatively common. The toxic effects include liver damage and leukocytopenia, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pulmonary small-vessel vasculitis, hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, muscle impairment,and so on. They are usually reversible and disappear spontaneously when the drug is discontinued. However,the serious rare side effects can also occur and there may have potentially deadly threatening effects which need to be cautious for the clinicians. MMI is usually preferred over PTU because it has significantly fewer side effects. And unlike the dose-dependent side effects of MMI, there has no significant correlation between adverse reaction and drug dosage in using PTU. Moreover, PTU has more severe hepatotoxity than MMI, even fatal liver impairment and liver failure. The risk of liver damage from PTU is an important concern, particularly in children. For this reason, MMI is the first choice for treating children with hyperthyroidism.

The strain and transversal area of human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were investigated in 30 samples of the knee joint. The length of ACL changes with movement of the knee. The maximum strain and extension are 19.42％ and 4.65mm respectively. The mean transversal area of the ACL is 39.95?10.22mm~2. The resuults of the investigation provide morphological data for reparation and reconstruction of the ACL in clinic.

Objective To study the correlation between expression of mannose-ligand receptor(MR) on capacitated human sperm in vitro and acrosome reaction induced by zona pellucida(ZP). Methods The swimming-up sperms were incubated in capacitating medium BWW for 6 hours at 37℃, and then treated with solubilized mouse zona pellucida(mZPS).After an hour, the percentages of spermatozoa labeled with FITC-DMA were counted and used to show the expression of MR; the percentages of acrosome-reacted sperm visualized with fluoresceinated Pisum sativum agglutinin(PSA) were recorded. Results There is no correlation between expression of MR on capacitated human sperm in vitro and acrosome reaction induced by mZPS.Conclusion Expression of MR on capacitated human sperm in vitro might not be the essence of capacitation.;