From 95% alcohol extract of Ascidian Styela clava, collected from the shallow bay near Qingdao City, Shandong Province, six compounds, named, isovaleramide (1), thymine (2), thymidine (3), uracil (4), 2'-deoxyuridine (5) and ?-palmityl glycerin ether (6) were isolated,. Their structures were elucidated by various spectral analysis (IR, MS, ~1HNMR, ~(13)CNMR) and comparison of chemical and physical data with authentic samples reported in literatures. All of these compounds are first reported to be isolated from Ascidian Styela clava.

BACKGROUND:Exploration on nonlinear acoustic response of the contrast agent microbubble contained in microvessel under ultrasound excitation is of great significance to maximizing ultrasonic energy deposition, promoting the development of quantitative imaging algorithm, revealing the damage mechanism or evaluating the targeted therapy, and overcoming the limitations of the traditional methods that are mainly used in large-size vessels, and measuring microvessel elasticity.
OBJECTIVE:To build a microvessel containing an ultrasound microbubble, revealing the internal mechanism among ultrasound, microbubble, blood flow and microvessel.
METHODS:Based on the finite element analysis and the lumped parameter model, three-dimensional microvessel containing microbubble model was built and simulated on Comsol Multiphysics 4.4 platform.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Microbubble exhibited slower radial motion compared with axial motion due to vascular wal limitation, but maximum displacement and stress were found near the microbubble center because of the oscil ation coupling of the microbubble with the vascular wal . Under the same ultrasound pressure, the excitation frequency increased, accompanied by decreased and stabilized microvessl constriction and dilation;under the same frequency, with the enhancement of ultrasound pressure, the local microbubble oscil ation lasted longer. With the increase of Young’s modulus of the microvessel wal , the frequency of microbubble oscil ation was reduced, while the amplitude increased. Al these findings indicate that the frequency of microbubble oscil ation increased with the reduction of microvessel size, while its amplitude decreased. The frequency of microbubble oscil ation increased with the enhancement of ultrasound excitation, while the amplitude decreased. On the contrary, ultrasound pressure affected the dynamic characteristics of microbubble and microvessel. In particular, it was the first to demonstrate that the elasticity of microvessel has approximate linear positive correlation with the amplitude of microbubble oscil ation, which reveals the relationship between microvessel elasticity and microbubble response so as to provide theoretical basis for indirect measurement of microvessel elasticity.

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD) in adulthood is influenced by the environment in early life.Intrauterine and early postnatal malnutrition and the following catch-up growth have a long-term effect on blood pressure and endothelial function in adulthood . Well-established prenatal or/and postnatal animal models are used to study the impact of different nutritional intervention on CVD in adulthood .This article reviews the early original cause of chronic CVD in adulthood with the hypothesis of DOHaD ( the developmental origins of health and disease ) , and proposes possible preventions in early life on the basis of this theory .

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics , differential diagnosis and biological behavior of extracardiac rhabdomyoma.Methods Nine cases of extracardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed between January of 1997 and July of 2014 were reviewed.The clinical , pathologic and immunohistochemical profiles were evaluated.Results There were 5 males and 4 females at diagnosis with age ranging from 2 years and three months to 59 years (mean, 37.6 years).Sites included the head and neck region (7 cases), chest (1 case ) and vagina wall (1 case).Clinically, most cases manifested as a subcutaneous nodule or as a submucosal polypoid lesion with a mean diameter of 3.2 cm.Histologically , 4 were adult-type rhabdomyoma characterized by tightly packed large round or polygonal rhabdomyoblasts with abundant eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm; 3 were myxoid variant of fetal rhabdomyoma composed of immature myofibrils, spindled and primitive mesenchymal cells embedded in a myxoid background , 1 was an intermediate form of fetal rhabdomyoma consisting of densely arranged differentiated myoblasts with little myxoid stroma;1 was a genital rhabdomyoma composed of elongated or strap-like myoblasts scattered in loose fibrous connective tissue.By immunohistochemistry , they showed diffuse and strong positivity for desmin , MSA and myoglobin with variable expression of myogenin.A case of intermediate type also stained forα-smooth muscle actin.Follow up data ( 2 months ~17 years ) showed local recurrence in one patient 6 months after surgery.Conclusions Rhabdomyoma is a distinctively rare benign mesenchymal tumor showing skeletal muscle differentiation , which may occassionally recur if incompletely excised.Familiarity with its clinical and morphological variants is essential to avoid misdiagnosing this benign lesion as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the polymorphisms of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease genes using Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping kits.

METHODSA total of 2000 subjects were recruited from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), and 15 SNPs were detected using Taqman SNP genotyping kits and an ABI 7900HT real time PCR system. The data were tested for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and then compared with the data of the Chinese population from the International HapMap Project (HapMap_HCN).

RESULTS(1) All genotype data of the 15 SNPs were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg rules. (2) The significant differences were observed among two SNPs, rs4220 and rs5368 and the HapMap_HCN (rs4220 28.2% vs 17.8%; chi(2) = 4.891, P = 0.028; rs5368 22.1% vs 32.2%, chi(2) = 5.137, P = 0.024). Comparing other gene bank data, such as AFD-CHN-PANEL, the Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) and JBIC-allele, it would be most likely that our observations represent differences between the Northern and Southern populations in China.

CONCLUSIONSuch Biobank study provided a useful platform for the study of the role of genetic and environmental determinants on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Biological Specimen Banks ; statistics & numerical data ; Brain Diseases ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood is influenced by the environment in early life. Intrauterine and early postnatal malnutrition and the following catch-up growth have a long-term effect on blood pressure and endothelial function in adulthood. Well-established prenatal or/and postnatal animal models are used to study the impact of different nutritional intervention on CVD in adulthood. This article reviews the early original cause of chronic CVD in adulthood with the hypothesis of DOHaD (the developmental origins of health and disease), and proposes possible preventions in early life on the basis of this theory.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Malnutrition

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of neural development-related genes LIS1and TSNAX with bipolar disorder in a Chinese Han population.

METHODSThree hundred and eight five patients (including 188 males and 197 females) from Guangzhou Brain Hospital with bipolar disorder meeting the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Bipolar Disorder (BDI) (Fourth Edition) criteria and 475 healthy controls from the local community were recruited. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LIS1 and TSNAX genes were genotyped by GoldenGate genotyping assay on an Illumina Beadstation 500 machine. Association analyses of SNPs and haplotypes were performed with Plink 1.07 software.

RESULTSAnalysis of the total sample has failed to find any association of SNP or haplotype of the two genes with BDI (P> 0.05). When patients were divided into subgroups with or without psychotic symptom, no significant association of the two genes was found with psychotic BDI or non-psychotic BDI (P> 0.05). No significant association was found between any SNP and haplotype of two genes and female BDI or male BDI, nor were significant association found between age of onset and LIS1 and TSNAX gene polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that LIS1 and TSNAX genes are not associated with susceptibility to bipolar I disorder in Chinese Han population.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Bipolar Disorder ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, differential diagnosis and biological behavior of extracardiac rhabdomyoma.

METHODSNine cases of extracardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed between January of 1997 and July of 2014 were reviewed. The clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical profiles were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were 5 males and 4 females at diagnosis with age ranging from 2 years and three months to 59 years (mean, 37.6 years). Sites included the head and neck region (7 cases), chest (1 case ) and vagina wall (1 case). Clinically, most cases manifested as a subcutaneous nodule or as a submucosal polypoid lesion with a mean diameter of 3.2 cm. Histologically, 4 were adult-type rhabdomyoma characterized by tightly packed large round or polygonal rhabdomyoblasts with abundant eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm; 3 were myxoid variant of fetal rhabdomyoma composed of immature myofibrils, spindled and primitive mesenchymal cells embedded in a myxoid background, 1 was an intermediate form of fetal rhabdomyoma consisting of densely arranged differentiated myoblasts with little myxoid stroma; 1 was a genital rhabdomyoma composed of elongated or strap-like myoblasts scattered in loose fibrous connective tissue. By immunohistochemistry, they showed diffuse and strong positivity for desmin, MSA and myoglobin with variable expression of myogenin. A case of intermediate type also stained for α-smooth muscle actin. Follow up data (2 months ~ 17 years) showed local recurrence in one patient 6 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSRhabdomyoma is a distinctively rare benign mesenchymal tumor showing skeletal muscle differentiation, which may occassionally recur if incompletely excised. Familiarity with its clinical and morphological variants is essential to avoid misdiagnosing this benign lesion as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Desmin ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mesenchymoma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Myogenin ; analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Rhabdomyoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; pathology ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Thoracic Wall ; pathology ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology

Objective To investigate the clinical pathological features, pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma. Methods The clinicopathological data of 35 cases were collected at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, from October 2010 to August 2017;morphological observation and immunohistochemical staining were performed, and the literatures were also reviewed. Results There were 7 males and 28 females (male∶female=1∶4), patients with onset age ranging from 3 to 81 years(mean=36 years). Of 35 tumors, 11 cases occurred in the head and neck, 10 in the extremities, 9 in the trunk, 4 in the intestine, and 1 in the labiamajora, respectively. Clinically, most patients presented as a slowly growing dermal nodule, sometimes associated with pain. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 month to 20 years before excision. Tumor size ranged from 0.8 cm to 6.0 cm (mean=2.6 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were usually well circumscribed but unencapsulated. At low power, most tumors were located in the dermis or subcutis, and several cases in the submucosal tissues. The tumors were composed of fascicular, storiform or whorled growth of closely intermixed plump spindle cells and slender spindle cells. The plump spindle cells had ill?defined eosinophilic cytoplasm with larger tapered or wavy nuclei, whereas the slender spindle cells had comparatively delicate nuclei with elongated cytoplasmic processes. Tumor cells had no obvious atypia, and mitoses were rare. Scattered large cells with degenerative nuclear atypia were seen in some cases. By immunohistochemistry, most of plump spindle cells showed strong staining of S?100 protein(35/35) and SOX10(8/9), whereas slender spindle cells stained variably for epithelial membrane antigen(31/35), CD34(32/33), Claudin?1 (15/15) and GLUT?1(8/8). Ki?67 proliferation index were all less than 5%. Follow?up data available in 16 patients (range 4 to 72 months; mean=46 months) were all free of disease, and one case developed local recurrence. Conclusions Hybrid schwannoma / perineuriomaisa benign nerve sheath tumor that typically manifests as a dermaland subcutaneous tumor, less frequently may affect uncommon sites such as the nasal cavity, the gastro?intestinal tract, and the external genital areas. The tumors consisted of intimately admixed plump?spindled schwannian cells and slender?spindled perineurial cells showing dual differentiation of strong S?100 protein and SOX10 expression in the former component and variable immunoreactivity of epithelial membrane antigen, Claudin?1 and CD34 in the latter. It should be aware of the possibility of potentially misinterpretation of hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and solitary fibrous tumor and so on.

Objective: To investigate the clinical pathological features, pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 35 cases were collected at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, from October 2010 to August 2017; morphological observation and immunohistochemical staining were performed, and the literatures were also reviewed. Results: There were 7 males and 28 females (male∶female=1∶4), patients with onset age ranging from 3 to 81 years(mean=36 years). Of 35 tumors, 11 cases occurred in the head and neck, 10 in the extremities, 9 in the trunk, 4 in the intestine, and 1 in the labiamajora, respectively. Clinically, most patients presented as a slowly growing dermal nodule, sometimes associated with pain. The duration of symptoms ranged from 1 month to 20 years before excision. Tumor size ranged from 0.8 cm to 6.0 cm (mean=2.6 cm). Microscopically, the tumors were usually well circumscribed but unencapsulated. At low power, most tumors were located in the dermis or subcutis, and several cases in the submucosal tissues. The tumors were composed of fascicular, storiform or whorled growth of closely intermixed plump spindle cells and slender spindle cells. The plump spindle cells had ill-defined eosinophilic cytoplasm with larger tapered or wavy nuclei, whereas the slender spindle cells had comparatively delicate nuclei with elongated cytoplasmic processes. Tumor cells had no obvious atypia, and mitoses were rare. Scattered large cells with degenerative nuclear atypia were seen in some cases. By immunohistochemistry, most of plump spindle cells showed strong staining of S-100 protein(35/35) and SOX10(8/9), whereas slender spindle cells stained variably for epithelial membrane antigen(31/35), CD34(32/33), Claudin-1 (15/15) and GLUT-1(8/8). Ki-67 proliferation index were all less than 5%. Follow-up data available in 16 patients (range 4 to 72 months; mean=46 months) were all free of disease, and one case developed local recurrence. Conclusions Hybrid schwannoma/perineuriomaisa benign nerve sheath tumor that typically manifests as a dermaland subcutaneous tumor, less frequently may affect uncommon sites such as the nasal cavity, the gastro-intestinal tract, and the external genital areas. The tumors consisted of intimately admixed plump-spindled schwannian cells and slender-spindled perineurial cells showing dual differentiation of strong S-100 protein and SOX10 expression in the former component and variable immunoreactivity of epithelial membrane antigen, Claudin-1 and CD34 in the latter. It should be aware of the possibility of potentially misinterpretation of hybrid schwannoma/perineurioma as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and solitary fibrous tumor and so on.