Defective Viruses ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; Leukoplakia, Hairy ; diagnosis ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; Vaccination ; Virus Latency

BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal fusion is a process of bone fusion under special anatomical and biological effects, which affects by many factors. With the development of bone tissue engineering, in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum provides a new approach for solving this problem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum in treating lumbar intertransverse process fusion in rabbits. METHODS: In vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum was implanted into lumbar intertransverse process of 24 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits. Three different materials were implanted into 3 transverse process gaps (Left L_(4,5,6), Right L_(4,5,6) of each animal. Namely, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined pig small intestine submucosa (SIS) were implanted into the right L_(4,5) of rabbits in the composite scaffold group; pure SIS was implanted into the right L_(5,6) of rabbits in the pure scaffold group; and autogeneic ilium was implanted into the left L_(5,6) of rabbits in the autogeneic ilium group. All rabbits were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation to perform gross, imaging and histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gross observation showed that there had no significant difference between the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, but the difference was significant compared with the pure scaffold group. lmaging observation showed that the trabeculae was formed in lumbar intertransverse of rabbits in the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, however, no bone density could be seen in the pure scaffold group. Type I collagen and osteocalcin were strong positive expressed in the composite scaffold group, which had obvious difference to the autogeneic ilium group. No positive expression could be found in the pure scaffold group. It suggested that tissue engineered bioactive periosteum constructed by BMSCs combined with SIS is a well alternative to autogenous graft materials for spinal fusion.

Objective To evaluate the STR profiling availability of formalin-fixed tissues and the detectable time limit of intact STR profile.Methods The different human tissues were fixed with 10-fold diluted commercial 40%formalin fixative for different duration under 15～20℃,and then DNA was extracted using the method of QIAamp~(R)DNA and IQ~(TM) DNA System.The extracted DNA was quantified with QuantifilerTM kit and amplified by both AmpFSTR identifiler kit and AmpFSTR MiniFiler kit.The STR profile was analyzed by GeneMapper ID v3.2 on 3100-Avant.Resuls The STR profiling availability of formalin-fixed tissues was relevant to the formalin fixing duration mainly.as well as the type of tissues and the template concentration and protocol of DNA extracting.The optimal ranges of template concentration is 1～3ng/μL and the QIAamp extracting method was preferable.There are differences in the degradation rate between various types of tissues in the unbuffered formalin fixative,and the lung tissue showed the slowest rate and liver and intestine tissues the fastest.Intact miniSTR profile of all the tissues detected could be obtained within 15 days duration of formalin fixing while intact STR profile could be obtained within 4 days.Conclusion The major factor that impact the availability of STR profiling of formalin-fixed tissues is the fixing duration in unbuffered formalin,as well as the type of tissues,method of extraction,concentration of PCR template and the kinds of STR loci.

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention measure on antimicrobial use and incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients in sports medicine department.Methods Antimicrobial use and incidence of HAI in hospitalized patients in the surgical departments (sports medicine department and other surgical departments)of a hospital between January 2006 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively(before intervention),from January 2011, comprehensive intervention based on clinical-centered multi-department cooperation was adopted by sports medicine depart-ment,the other surgical departments over the same period were not comprehensively intervened;antimicrobial use and inci-dence of HAI in patients in surgical departments between January 2012 and December 2013 were monitored prospectively (after intervention ),effectiveness of intervention was evaluated.Results Antimicrobial use and incidence of HAI in pa-tients in sports medicine department after intervention were both lower than before intervention (55.75% vs 95.26%,χ2=753.42;0.10% vs 0.32% ,χ2 =15.13,both P <0.01).Antimicrobial use in patients in other surgical departments after intervention was lower than that before intervention(65.63% vs 73.79% ,χ2 =251.57,P <0.01 );incidence of HAI was higher than that before intervention(0.55% vs 0.42% ,χ2 =19.04,P <0.01).Conclusion Comprehensive in-tervention measure based on clinical-centered multi-department cooperation is safe and effective,it can reduce antimicrobial use and incidence of HAI in patients in sports medicine department.

Objective To compare the image quality and scanning dose of time-subtraction and dual-energy-subtraction cerebral CT angiography, and to assess clinical application value of both methods. Methods Plain and enhanced scanning were performed on 60 patients suspected cerebral vessel diseases with dual-source CT. Dual-energy mode with tube voltages of 140 and 80 kV was used in enhanced scanning, and data of two different energy were collected in one scanning. ①Traditional removed-bone digital subtraction (time-subtraction) with plain and 80 kV enhanced scanning data were obtained. Volume render (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction were finished; ②Direct removed-bone digital subtraction (dual-energy subtraction) with 80 kV and 140 kV enhanced scanning data were obtained. VR and MIP reconstruction were finished. The image quality of VR and MIP was divided into 4 grades, and were compared as well as average effective radiological dose. All the diseases were confirmed with surgery or DSA. Average effective radiological dose was compared with time-subtraction and dual-energy subtraction. Results Internal carotid artery trunk and branch and Willis circles were displayed clearly with two methods in 60 cases. No significant difference was found (P>0.05) between total quality score of the two methods. The size, shape, neck and axis point of aneurysm in 24 cases were clearly displayed, so as the shape and extent of abnormal vessel bolus in 4 cases, while arteries and veins were also clear in artery-vein malformation; ③The average radiological dose was (26.60±0.50)mSv in time-subtraction and (22.40±0.50) mSv in dual-energy subtraction. Conclusion The normal, abnormal vessels and diseases can be clearly displayed at time-subtraction and dual-energy subtraction CTA. The effect of dual-energy-subtraction is better than that of time-subtraction CTA in no-cooperation patients, and the radiological dose is lower in dual-energy CTA.

Objective To explore the relationship between TLR3 mRNA expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and acute rotavirus(RV)diarrhea.Methods Sixty-one children with acute RV diarrhea served as study subject,the expression of TLR3 mRNA on PBMCs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.the concentrations of IFN-γand TNF-α in serum were measured by the method of Enzyrme-linked immunosorbent assay(EUSA).Results The expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and the serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serious diarrhea group were 0. 820±0.051,(33.67±12.88)Pg/ml, (62.21±14.65)pg/ml,respectively,while it were 0.717±0.040,(24.01±10.06)pg/ml,(50.99± 12.18)pg/ml in the slight diarrhea group,and 0.525±0.029,(12.52±5.19)pg/ml,(28.65±7.44)pg/ml in the control group.Compared with the control group.the expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and the serum levels of IFN-γ,TNF-α in the serious and slight diarrhea group were significantly higher(P<0.01).There were significant differences between the serious and slight diarrhea group(P<0.01).There were positive relationship between the expression of TLR3 on PBMCs and tHe serum IFN-γ,TNF-α levels(r=0.431,P< 0.05,r=0.372,P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of TLR3 on PBMCs in children with acute rotavirus dialThea iS up-regulated,TLR3 and its mediated immune response are associated with the development of acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Objective To understand the cleanliness of hands and uniforms of health care workers(HCWs)while they were working in a hospital.Methods Specimens of hands and uniforms of HCWs while they were working were collected and detected.Results A total of 342 specimens were collected, 173 were specimens from hands and 169 were from uniforms, the total qualified rate was 78.65%,qualified rates of hands and uniforms were 76.30% and 81.07% respectively.Qualified rates of hands and uniforms of different HCWs were compared respectively, differences were both statistically significant (both P<0.05);qualified rates of hands and uniforms of nurses were both highest (87.93% and 92.86% respectively), followed by doctors (75.86% and 87.72% respectively), while medical auxiliary persons were the lowest(64.91% and 62.50% respectively).Correlation analysis between qualified rates of hands and uniforms of HCWs in general wards showed that the correlation coefficient was 0.930 (P<0.01).Conclusion Cleanliness of hands and uniforms of HCWs needs to be further improved, especially medical auxiliary persons;cleaning frequency and cleanliness standard of HCWs' uniforms needed to be studied further.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the spectrum of organisms causing purulent endophthalmitis and to identify the variance of bacterial spectra and their sensitivities to commonly used antibiotics.METHODS The medical records of patients with purulent endophthalmitis receiving pathogen examination in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Of the 416 cases,82.0% purulent endophthalmistis were caused by ocular trauma and the organisms were isolated in 181(43.5%)of them.Among the pathogens isolated,14.9%,47.5%,9.9% and 27.6% were fungi,Gram-positive cocci,Gram-positive bacilli and Gram-negative bacilli,respectively.The fungal endophthalmistis was sporadic per annum.The most common bacterial pathogen was staphylococcus epidermidis(33.1%) which increased year by year.The most common Gram-negative bacterium was Escherichia coli(10.5%).Among the common pathogens,the Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and cefoperazone,and the Gram-positive bacilli were sensitive to aminoglycosides and cefoperazone while the Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to various kinds of antibiotics in different degree.CONCLUSIONS The purulent endophthalmistis should be monitored in patients with open ocular injury.Fluoroquinolones with cefoperazone to treat the ocular inflammation are a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with bacterial endophthalmitis with unknown etiopathogenesis.

Objective To perform the validation and analysis of forensic param eters of G oldeneye?DNA ID 26Y system . Methods B ased on the validation rules of Scientific W orking G roup on DNA A nalysis M ethods (SW G D A M ),the kitwas assessed from several parts, as test of PCR system, reproducibility, ac-curacy, and sensitivity, etc. A nd Y-STR loci of 517 unrelated healthy individuals from E astern C hina were genotypes by this kit. The distribution and frequency of haplotype were calculated and forensic param e-ters of the kit were assessed. Results The com plete profiles can be obtained even when the PC R reac-tion volum e with 6.25μL . A nd correct profile was obtained with DNA down to 125 pg.No reproducible peaks were detected with the DNA of com m on anim als and m icroorganism with the kit. For the m ale-m ale m ixture testing, average 70% of the m inor alleles were obtained when the ratios of 1∶19 and 19∶1. For the m ale-fem ale m ixture testing, results showed that the sensitivity of the kit was no compromised with the addition of fem ale sam ples. Conclusion The validation studies dem onstrated that G oldeneye?DNA ID 26Y system has good sensitivity and specificity, and suitable for m ixture testing. The polym orphism of 26 Y-STR loci included in this kit are good for forensic application.

The poor chemical stability and solubility, easy volatile and other shortcomings of TCM volatile oils can be improved after they are included by cyclodextrin. Therefore, cyclodextrin inclusion technology is widely used in the preparation process of volatile oil. This article reviewed the domain of cyclodextrin inclusion of volatile oils, the types of cyclodextrin, inclusion technologies, characterization for inclusion, components changes before and after inclusion, and dissolution characteristics of cyclodextrin inclusion.