Vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) is often caused by atherosclerosis.The clinical diagnosis is more difficult because the symptoms are not typical,and the non-invasive examination is not easy to be detected.The annual stroke incidence is higher in patients with VAS,particularly the symptomatic severe vertebral artery stenosis.About 20％ of posterior circulation strokes are caused by VAS.This article reviews the epidemiology,natural history,diagnosis and clinical treatment of VAS.

Objective To study the inhibitive effect of interleukin-4(IL-4) and (or) IL-10 on cell apoptosis of renal ischemic-reperfusion injury(IRI) in rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups(n=6): sham-operated group,operation+9 g/L NaCl control (NaCl group),operation+IL-4(IL-4 group),operation+IL-10(IL-10 group),operation+ IL-4+IL-10 (IL-4+IL-10 group). The animal model of IRI was set up by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min.When the clamp was loosed, relevant agents was injected in every group. Apoptosis of renal epithelial cells (TUNEL method) was obserued.Results IL-4 could not reduce level of apoptosis of renal epithelial cells.To some extent,IL-10 could reduce level of renal epithelial cells. The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 was more effective in inhibiting apoptosis of renal epithelial cells.Conclusion The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 is effective in inhibiting apoptosis of renal epithelial cells, indicating that it has a relationship in preventing renal histological and functional damage.

Objective Based on the analysis of time domain of heart sound with envelop to extract the envelope character of heart sounds.Methods The envelope extraction of heart sounds based on Hilbert-Huang Transform was given.Firstly,the original heart sounds signal was preprocessed by Huang Transform.Secondly,the envelope of heart sounds was got with Hilbert Transform.Results The first heart sound and the second heart sound were extracted,and all kinds of characters in time domain of heart sound were acquired more accurately.Conclusion The envelope of heart sound is extracted correctly.The foundation for further analysis of heart sounds is established.

Objective To study the clinical significance of molecular markers and routine coagulation tests in patients with cerebral infarction and to set up a serial programs of laboratory diagnosis,monitoring and treatment of cerebral infarction.Methods Prothrombin fragment 1+2(F1+2),thrombin antithrombin III complex(TAT), D-dimer(D-D),Von willebrand Factor(vWF),antithrombin(AT), protein C(PC),prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and thrombin time (TT) were determined in 90 patients with cerebral infarction and 60 normal control subjects.Results The levels of F1+2,TAT,D-D,vWF were significantly higher in patients with cerebral infarction than that in control subjects. But the levels of PC,AT,PT,APTT,TT in patients with cerebral infarction were no different from that in control subjects.Conclusion There were hypercoagulable states in patients with cerebral infarction.The activity of prothrombin is higher, thrombin is generated more, the activity of fibrinolysis is higher too, but anticoagulation system is not sufficiently activated .Meanwhile, perhaps endothelial lesion would be the main role of coagulation system activating and pathogenesis.Molecular markers such as F1+2,TAT,D-D,VWF can be as diagnositic signs but routine coagulable tests can not display the hypercoagulable states in patients with cerebral infarction.

ObjectiveTo study a standardization to establish data element in medical data resource share.MethodsThe library of data element's structural glossary items was established frist, then whole data element was established by selecting structural glossary items, finally, the input of data element's character was executed.ResultsA standardization method to establish data element was desigened based on definition, structure and national standard of data element.ConclusionIt's a important work to share medical data resource that establish data element by standardization, and it must be followed correlative standard and select logical method.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology

Isoprene is an important precursor of synthetic rubber material. In our previous study, metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strain (BW-01) was constructed and used to produce isoprene. Based on the theory of protein budget, using synthetic biology strategies including the increased copy number of genes and rare codons, we regulated the expression of key enzyme to improve isoprene production in Escherichia coli strain. Under shake-flask conditions, isoprene productivity of the engineered strain (BW-07) increased by 73% compared with BW-01, reached 761.1 mg/L. It provides a reference for further studies.
Butadienes ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Dosage ; Hemiterpenes ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; Metabolic Engineering ; Mevalonic Acid ; Pentanes ; Synthetic Biology

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; cytology ; Drug Antagonism ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Pentylenetetrazole ; pharmacology ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic thyroidectomy via anterior chest and breast for the treatment of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ).Methods Endoscopic thyroidectomy was performed in 85 PTC patients between March 2006 and March 2010. Diagnosis was based on intraoprative frozen section. There were 83 females and 2 males, age averaged at 36. 3 years. Sixty three of 85 cases were diagnosed preoperatively as thyroid carcinoma and US revealed ipsilateral cervical lymph node enlargement suspective of metastasis in 12 cases. Endoscopic thyroidectomy plus selective neck dissection was performed. Results This procedure was carried out successfully in 84patients. There were 51 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas(<1. 0 cm) , 28 cases between 1. 0 cm and<2. 0 cm, and 5 cases with the diameter between 2. 0 cm and 3. 0 cm. Total thyroidectomy, ispilateral lebectomy and ispilateral lebectomy plus contralateral subtotal lobetomy were performed in 4, 6, 74 cases,respectively. Central compartment dissection was performed in all of the 84 cases and ipsilateral neck dissection was also performed in 12 cases that were suspected metastatic lateral neck lymph nodes. The mean operative time was (113. 3 ±46. 5) minutes. No significant blood loss occurred. The mean number of lymph nodes yield in the central compartment and lateral compartment were 6. 5 (range 2 to 14) and 19. 2 (range 9 to 26 ), respectively. Forty-four cases ( 44/84, 52. 4% ) had metastatic lymph nodes in central compartment, while 11 cases (11/12,91.1% ) in lateral compartment. Six patients (6/84,7.14%) had transient vocal cord palsy and recovered after 1-2 months. Postoperative transient hypocalcaemia occurred in 4 cases (4. 8% ) , and there were no other major complications. The average postoperative hospital stay was 3. 7 days (range 3 to 6). No evidence of residual or recurrent disease was found at follow-up. The cosmetic results of this procedure were excellent. Conclusions The anterior chest and breast approach of endoscopic thyroidectomy is feasible and safe and cosmetic worthwhile for selected cases of PTC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of chitosan/PVA nerve conduits which used for repairing sciatics nerve defect in rats.MethodsTwenty-seven rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,with 9 rats in each group. Firstly, the 15mm defects in the left sciatic nerves were made in the rats and were respectively repaired with chitosan/PVA conduits graft (group A), the silicon conduits graft (group B),and autografts (group C). At 12 weeks after the operations, the left sciatic nerves were taken out, and the comparative evaluation was made on the repairing effects by wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, histological examination,computerized imaging analysis and True Blue retrograde tracing. ResultsThe wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles showed no significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and autograft groups (P ＞ 0.05). The wet weight of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in significant difference between the chitosan/PVA graft and the silicon group at 12 weeks after the operation(P ＜ 0.05). The nerve fiber density showed no statistically significant differences between the chitosan/PVA and autograft groups(P＞ 0.05).The regenerative nerve fiber in group B had normal morphological and structural characters under transmission electron microscope.True Blue-labeled neuron cell bodies were found within both anterior horn of gray matter in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) ipsilateral to the operated side of the tested rats on illumination with ultra-violet light 1 week after the injection of True Blue.Conclusion Chitosan/PVA nerve conduit can effectively promote the nerve regeneration and myelinization of rat sciatic nerve, which is expected to substitute for autograft to repair nerve defects succesfully.