Objective: To isolate the chemical constituents newly produced in processing of Polygonati Rhizoma and to analyze the content changes during its processing. Methods: Two new chemical constituents were isolated from the processed Polygonati Rhizoma by using chemical extraction and identified by LC-MS. Then HPLC analysis was performed to analyze the content changes of the two newly produced constituents in three species of wine-processed Polygonati Rhizoma during different processing periods. The contents of the two compounds in 15 batches of commercially available wine-processed Polygonati Rhizoma were determined. The HPLC was performed on a Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-water (8:92) as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min, detection wavelength was 280 nm, and column temperature at 45°C. Results: The newly produced chemical constituents were 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and 5-hydryoxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF). The content of DDMP in Polygonatum cyrtonema increased to the top when processed to 24 h and then decreased. The content of 5-HMF was increased gradually throughout the processing. The two chemical constituents were found in the three kinds of wine-processed Polygonati Rhizoma. In the 15 batches of commercially available Polygonati Rhizoma, the range of DDMP in 13 batches was from 1.395% to 5.265%, and the range of 5-HMF in 14 batches was from 0.079% to 0.708%. Moreover, the contents of the two constituents in the three kinds of wine-processed Polygonati Rhizoma (16 h) were within the above ranges. Conclusion: The contents of the two chemical constituents in Polygonati Rhizoma change with the processing time. Therefore, these results could provide the basis for making the quality standard and defining the processing time endpoint of Polygonati Rhizoma.

Objective To observe the effect and influence on plasma angiotensin Ⅱ and oxygen radicals in the treatment of children with viral myocarditis by phosphate sodium and captopril,provide reference for clinical treat-ment.Methods 80 children with viral myocarditis met the admissions criteria were randomly divided into the obser-vation group(40 cases)and the control group (40 cases),both group were received conventional therapy,which included rest,vitamin C pin,antiviral and antimicrobial agents,nutritional medicine myocardial metabolism of drugs. The control group was given captopril 0.5mg/kg,bid,the observation group was given phosphate sodium and capto-pril,phosphate sodium 0.5 -1g/d,qd,both groups had been treated for 4 weeks for a course.Plasma angiotensin Ⅱwere detected by radioimmunoassay.The EF,FS,VA /TE were detected by echocardiography instrument.The blood were collected for detecing MDA and SOD.The clinical efficacy and electrocardiogram efficacy were evaluated. Results The clinical efficacy and electrocardiogram efficacy of observation group were 95%,90%,the control group were 70%,70%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =9.367,8.571,both P <0.05).The EF,FS,SOD of the observation group and the control group after treatment was significantly higher than those of before treatment (t =11.689,8.447,9.524 and 7.714,7.985,6.166,all P <0.01).The plasma angiotensin Ⅱ,VA /TE,MDA were significantly lower than those of before treatment(t =17.572,5.772,9.744 and 9.228,3.553,3.855,all P <0.05). The SOD of the observation group after treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group(t =3.932, P <0.05),VA /TE,MDA were significantly lower than that of the control group(t =3.446,3.633,10.315,all P <0.05).Conclusion The method containing phosphate sodium and captopril can collaboratively improve heart func-tion,which may be relate to the decrease in plasma angiotensin Ⅱ and scavenging oxygen free radicals.The method can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and ECG efficacy of conventional therapies,is the better treatment for promoting in the treatment of children with viral myocarditis.

ObjectiveTo establish a analytical system for the survival motor neuron (SMN) subtle mutation,and evaluate its application in two families with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).MethodsSMN genes in seven family members from two SMA families were analyzed at both transcript level and genomic level,by the use of the conventional PCR-RFLP,allele-specific PCR,multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and T subcloning and sequencing of SMNI gene.ResultsIn family A,the patient had a single SMN1 copy who was carrying nonsense mutation L228X,which was also found in his father.In family B,as the patient's sample was unavailable,the father was indeed a carrier with one normal SMN1 allele and the other SMN1 allele carrying a frameshift mutation 22_23insA.The remaining family members were SMA carriers with one SMN1 copy.ConclusionThis analytical system for SMN subtle mutation offers viable molecular basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in SMA families.

AIM: To investigate the changes of current and gene expression of acetylcholine sensitive K~+ channel (K_ ACh ) in chronic human atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate the roles of K_ ACh expression in the occurring and maintenance of AF. METHODS: Acetylcholine sensitive K~+ currents (I_ KACh ) were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique in single atrial myocyte of AF group and normal sinus rhythm group (SR group). The current densities-voltage relations were analyzed. The Kir3.4 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: (1) Compared with SR group, acetylcholine sensitive K~+ current densities in AF group were reduced under testing potential between -80 mV and -120 mV . Acetylcholine sensitive K~+ current density was ( -11.665 ?1.027) pA/pF (n=11) in AF group vs ( -19.486 ?0.766) pA/pF (n=11) in SR group at -100 mV testing potential (P

AIM: To isolate and identify triterpenes from inflorescence of Cremanthodium potaninii C.Winkl,collected from Qinghai province.METHODS: The triterpenes were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through NMR.RESULTS: Seven triterpenes were isolated and identified as ?-amyrin(I),Taraxast-20(30)-ene-3?,16?-diol-3-O-palmitate(II),olean-12-en-3?,16?-diol-3-O-palmitate(III),Olean-12-en-3?,11?,16?-triol-3-palmitate(IV),lup-3?,16?-diol-3-O-palmitate(V),lup-3?,16?,28-triol-3-O-palmitate(VI),16?-hydroxypseudo tarsxasterol-3-O-palmitate(VII).CONCLUSION: All these compounds are obtained from Cremanthodium potaninii C.Winkl for the first time.

Objective To explore the effects of long-term Tai Ji exercise on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and incidence of chronic diseases. Methods The elderly involved were divided into control group (n=62) and Tai Ji group (n=63). Both of them received 2-years health education. The Tai Ji group exercised with the frequency of 30~40 minutes each time, 3 times a week, while the control group didn't change their daily behavior. They were observed 2 and 6 years later. Results 2 years later, the blood pressure, weight and waistline decreased in Tai Ji group compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 6 years followed, 1 people died and 4 people occured cardiovascular diseases in Tai Ji group, while 2 people died and 12 people occured cardiovascular diseases in the control group. The incidence of chronic diseases was lower in Tai Ji group (9.52%) than in the control group (33.87%) (P<0.01). And the blood pressure, waistline, and hipline in Tai Ji group decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Long-term Tai Ji Exercise can ameliorate the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVEIn this study, five heavy metals contamination of soil and different parts of Panax notoginseng in the plantation area was investigated. Analysis of heavy metals correlation between the planting soil and P. notoginseng; and the absorption and accumulation characteristics and translocation of soil heavy metals by P. notoginseng plants was revealed.

METHODThrough field investigation and laboratory analytical methods, analysis of China's 30 different soil P. notoginseng origin and content of heavy metals in five different parts of the P. notoginseng plant content of heavy metals.

RESULTThe results revealed that the soil heavy metals should not be neglected in the plantation area Referring to the national soil quality standards (GB15608-1995), the excessive degree of soil heavy metals pollution showed Hg > As > Cd > Cr in the plantation area, and Pb content of soil was in the scope of the standard. Refer to 'Green Industry Standards for Import and Export of Medical Plants and Preparations', the excessive degree of heavy metals content of P. notoginseng plants showed As > Pb > Cr > Cd, and Hg content of plants was in the scope of the standard. Concentrations of five heavy metals of underground parts of P. notoginseng plants are higher than aboveground, and heavy metals elements are more concentrated in the root, followed by the rhizome of P. notoginseng plants. Heavy metal accumulation characteristics of the different parts of the P. notoginseng of the overall performance is the root > the rhizome > the root tuber > leaves > stems. From the point of view BCF value analysis of various parts of the P. notoginseng plants to absorb heavy metals in soil, BCF values of all samples were less than 1, description P. notoginseng not belong Hyperaccumulator. From the view of transportation and related analysis of the soil-P. notoginseng systems, the rhizome of P. notoginseng and the content of As and Cr in soil was significantly correlated, the root of P. notoginseng and the content of Cd in soil was significantly correlated, and no significant correlation between the other indicators. Through the analysis of transportation transfer coefficient showed: Pb, As and Cr are not easy to transport aboveground part from the underground, but Cd and Hg are relatively easy to transport stems from rhizome, the migration of five heavy metals in the aerial part is relatively strong, and heavy metal of stems is easily transported to the leaves.

CONCLUSIONP. notoginseng does not belong to the enrichment of heavy metals in crops, especially for Hg in soil with strong patience. In survey area, the content of heavy metals of P. notoginseng's planting soil is relatively high, and the heavy metals As, Pb, Cr, Cd of P. notoginseng also exist heavy metals exceeded problems. Due to the presence of heavy metals in crops internal absorption and translocation of special laws, accumulation of heavy metals varied significantly in different parts of P. notoginseng. The overall, the performance for the heavy metal content of the underground parts is more than aboveground, it explain heavy metals of P. notoginseng plants is still the main source of the soiL Therefore, the key to control of planting area soil environmental quality and reduce exogenous harmful substances secondary pollution of soil in the cultivation process are to study and solve the heavy metals pollution problem of P. notoginseng.

Adsorption ; China ; Laboratories ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis

Objective To investigate insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with different glucose tolerances. Methods Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were compared between SLE patients and non-SLE subjects in the states of normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)and diabetes mellitus (DM) respectively.Furthermore, risk factors for insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in SLE patients were analysed by linear regression. Results In NGT state, insulin sensitivity and beta cell function of newly diagnosed SLE patients without glucocorticoids treatment were not significantly different from those of normal control group ( P ＜0. 05). Compared with newly diagnosed SLE patients without glucocorticoids treatment and normal control group, HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) , In (HOMA-β), In (early phase insulin secretion index, EISI ) and In ( late phase insulin secretion index, LISI ) of SLE patients with glucocorticoids treatment were significantly higher( 1.91 ± 1.04 vs 0. 81 ±0. 75,0. 94 ±0. 27;5.05 ±0. 65 vs 4. 01 ±0. 63,4. 23 ±0.47;3. 14±0.81 vs 2.42 ±0.39,2.50±0.65;2.30 ±0.55 vs 1.62 ±0.57,1.56 ±0.43;P ＜0.05),while In ( Matsuda index, MI ) was significantly lower ( 4. 53 ± 0. 54 vs 5. 27 ± 0. 68,5. 18 ± 0. 38; P ＜0. 05). In IGT and DM state, HOMA-IR (2. 84 ± 1. 87 vs 1.82 ± 1.22, 3. 18 ±2. 29 vs 2. 94 ±2. 26) and In (HOMA-β) (5. 18 ±0. 93 vs 4. 06 ±0. 58, 3. 99 ± 1.04 vs 3.43 ±0. 83) were significantly higher in SLE patients with glucocorticoids treatment than those of non-SLE subjects ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) respectively. BMI and In (daily glucocorticords doses) were independent risk factors for insulin sensitivity, and age, the SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI) and In(daily glucocorticords doses) were related factors beta cell function.Conclusion In NGT, IGT and DM state,SLE female patients with glucocorticoids treatment have reduced insulin sensitivity and increased beta cell function, these changes are related to the use of glucocorticoids.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma on DWI. Methods The data of patients with histopathologically confirmed FNHs and HCCs between August 2008 and November 2010 were collected. A total of 24 patients with 26 FNH lesions and 36 patients with 39 HCC lesions were included in our study. All patients underwent breath-hold DWI with b = 500 s/mm2 and dynamic contrasted-enhanced (DCE) MRI. The imaging findings of FNHs and HCCs were retrospectively analyzed and compared. The signal intensity (SI) of the lesions on DWI were classified as iso-, slightly high, high SI and the distribution of SI between FNHs and HCCs was compared with Fisher exact test. ADC value and lesion-to-liver ADC ratio of FNHs and HCCs were measured and compared by using independent sample t test. ROC was performed to assess the diagnostic value of ADC value and lesion-liver ADC ratio in the characterization FNHs versus HCCs. Results Of 26 FNHs,23 manifested as isointensity or slightly high SI on DWI, but most 25 out of 39 HCCs showed high SI. The distribution of SI between FNHs and HCCs had significant difference ( P = 0. 000). The mean ADC value and lesion-liver ADC ratio for FNHs [ (1.76 ± 0. 62 ) × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.06 ± 0. 18, respectively ] were significantly higher ( P = 0. 001, P = 0. 000, respectively ) than those for HCCs [ ( 1.26 ± 0. 46 ) × 10-3mm2/s and 0. 79 ±0. 12, respectively]. The area (Az) under the ROC for the ADC value and lesionliver ADC ratio for the differentiation of FNHs versus HCCs were 0. 79 ± 0. 05 and 0. 85 ± 0. 05,respectively, with no significant difference (P =0. 270). The specificity of the two measures was 69. 23% and 97.44%, respectively, with significant difference (P = 0. 001 ). Conclusion FNH shows isointensity or slightly high SI with relatively higher ADC value and lesion-liver ADC ratio than those of HCCs on DWI,which is characteristic for its diagnosis and differentiation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of examining aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV),aortic distensibility (AD) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) by means of highresolution 3.0 T MRI.MethodsA total of 32 healthy volunteers underwent high-resolution MRI to assess aortic PWV,and AD in ascending aorta (AA),proximal descending aorta (DA),distal descending aorta (DDA) and FMD of the brachial artery with repeat examination performed in 1-2 hours.PWV was evaluated by 2D Phase Contrast (PC) velocity-encoded MRI with a 4.7-7.8 ms temporal resolution.Fiesta-cine MRI was used to assess AD and FMD with a 18.75-31.25 ms temporal resolution.The image quality of these two scans was scored and the agreement between them was tested with Kappa analysis.The reproducibility of the results between repeated measurements of PWV,AA-AD,DA-AD,DDA-AD and FMD was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis.The method of Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between results of repeated studies.Results Each examination including PWV,AD and FMD were completed in about half an hour.The image quality between repeated scans showed good agreement ( Kappa value 0.776 ) with the score of ( 3.53 ± 0.62 ) and ( 3.41 ± 0.67 ) respectively.Reproducibility between repeated measurements was high for aortic PWV [ (4.33 ± 0.88 ) vs ( 4.36 ±0.88) m/s],AA-AD [(8.60±3.11) × 10-3 vs (8.59 ± 3.10) × l0-3/mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) ],DA-AD[ (6.95 ±2.44) × 10-3 vs (6.95 ±2.42) × 10-3/mm Hg],DDA [(10.54 ±2.91) ×l0-3 vs (10.55 ±2.90) × 10-3/mm Hg] and FMD [(24.94 ± 12.55)％ vs (24.92 ±1 2.38 ) ％ ].ICC were 0.95,0.97,0.99,0.98 and 0.94,P ＜ 0.01.Excellent agreement between repeated measurements was found for aortic PWV [ confidence interval (CI) between - 0.55 and 0.50 ],AA-AD ( CI between - 0.11 and 0.12 ),DA-AD ( CI between - 0.08 and 0.08 ),DDA-AD ( CI between - 0.23 and 0.21 ) and FMD (CI between - 1.46 and 1.51 ).The maximum difference percentage in minimum average for aortic PWV,AA-AD,DA-AD,DDA-AD and FMD was 38.53％,9.65％,3.86％,5.68％,42.37％,respectively,all less than 50％.Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of aortic compliance and brachial endothelial function can be achieved using 3.0 T high-resolution MRI with excellent reproducibility and within a reasonable amount of time.