Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Memory ; physiology ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

Objective To locate the brain areas in which pain was induced by mechanical noxious stimulation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods Twenty healthy male volunteers,aged 20-40 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,were involved in this study.The volunteers were stimulated with 300 g von Frey filaments.Functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed 1 week later.The monitoring data were collected during the scanning.The images were analyzed with SPM2 software.Results Bain areas in which pain was induced by mechanical noxious stimulation with 300 g yon Frey filaments were bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus,right contralateral insula and bilateral primary somatic sensory cortex.Conclusion The brain areas in which pain is induced by mechanical noxious stimulation include bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus,right contralateral insula and bilateral primary somatic sensory cortex.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of fentanyl on pain-activated brain areas as demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3.0 T.Methods Twenty healthy right-handed male volunteers aged 20-40 yr were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =10 each); group F1 (fentanyl 1.0 μg/kg) and group F2 (fentanyl 1.5 μg/kg).Mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments (vFFs,300 g) was delivered to left sole.The intensity of pain was assessed by VAS scores.fMRI was performed before and after fentanyl administration and the changes in the brain areas activated by pain were recorded.Results In group F1 ipsilateral (left) cingulate gyrus was activated after a bolus of fentanyl 1.0 μg/kg under stimulation with vFFs 300 g,while in group F2 bilateral cingulate gyrus and contralateral (right) insula were activated under vFFs stimulation after fentanyl 1.5 μg/kg.Conclusion Cingulate gyrus and insula may be the target brain areas of fentanyl analgesia.

This paper concluded and analyzed the application of objectivc structured clinical examination (OSCE) in clinical bilingual education.It explored the promotion and inhibition effects of OSCE on bilingual teaching by discussing its implementation process,introduction pattern,advantages,disadvantages and feedback from teachers and students.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Background Bevacizumab has been widely used in the treatment of new blood vessel disease in ophthalmology.The investigation of the pharmacokinetics and safety after intracameral injection of bevacizumab can offer the basis for the management of iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma.Objective The present study was to observe the distribution of bevacizumab(avastin)in eye tissue and toxic effects following the injection of anterior chamber.Methods Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into two groups randomly.0.05 ml (1.25mg)of Bevacizumab was intracamerally injected into the left eyes in the experimental group,and a balanced salt solution of 0.05 ml was injected in the same way into the left eyes of the control group.The anterior segment of eyes and ocular fundus were examined by slit-lamp microscope and direct ophthalmoscope after injection.Intraocular pressure was measured and corneal endothelial microscopy was performed before and after the injections.Five rabbits of the two groups were sacrificed on the first day,the fourth day,the seventh day,the fourteenth day,and the thirtieth day after injection,and the eyeballs were enucleated for histopathological examination.The ultrastructure of eye tissue was observed under the transmission electron microscope on the fourth day and the thirtieth day,and then immunofluorescence staining were performed to assess the distribution of bevacizumab in the eye tissues.This experiment complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission(Version 1988).Results No abnormality in the cornea,lens,vitreous and retina was observed after the injection of bevacizumab under the slit lamp microscope and direct ophthalmoscope.No significant differences were found in intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density in the bevacizumab group compared with the control group before injection and 2 hours,1 day,7 days,14 days,30 days after injection(P =0.760,P =0.956).No histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the cornea,lens,chamber angle,iris,ciliary body and retina were seen after the injection in the experimental group and control group under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope.Bevacizumab was distributed in the anterior chamber angle,iris,ciliary body,choroid and retina in injected eyes and fellow eyes after intracameral injection with red fluorescence and presented the dynamic changes with the lapse of time.The immunofluorescence response of eye tissue to bevacizumab was weaker in the fellow eyes compared with injected eyes.Bevacizumab was mainly distributed in the vessel wall and lumen.Conclusions Bevacizumab can quickly distribute in the vascular tissue of the anterior chamber angle,iris,ciliary body,choroid and retina in injected eyes after intracameral injection without obvious toxic effects to eye tissue.Bevacizumab administered intracamerally may be a new strategy or a joint strategy for iris neovascularisation.

Objective To observe the safety and effectiveness of inductive chemotheray with lobaplatin plus 5-Fu (LF regimen) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with lobaplatin for local-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients,and investigate the appropriate lobaplatin dose for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods Newly diagnosed local-regionally advanced NPC patients signed informed consent.The inductive chemotherapy was lobaplatin 30 mg/m2 + 5-Fu 4 g/m2 civ 120 h for 2 cycles every 21 days,then concurrent lobaplatin chemoradiotherapy was conducted.The initial lobaplatin dose for concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 50 mg/m2 with at least 3 cases in every dose level.If 2 of 3 patients presented dose-limiting toxicity (DLT),5 mg/m2 dose decreased for the next level until maximal tolerant dose (MTD) reached.The tumor response was evaluated after inductive chemotherapy,at the end of the chemoradiotherapy,3 months after chemoradiotherapy and 6 months after chemoradiotherapy.Results From Dec 2011 to Apr 2012,11 patients were enrolled in this study.After 2 courses of inductive chemoradiotherapy,CR,PR and SD were observed in 1,8 and 2 patients,respectively.At the end of the chemoradiotherapy and 3 months after chemoradiotherapy,CR and PR were observed in 10 and 1 patients,respectively.Six months after the chemoradiotherapy,all patients were CR.For the patients(3 in each arm) received 50 mg/m2 or 45 mg/m2 lobapaltin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,2 patients in each arm presented DLT.For the 5 patients received 40 mg/m2 lobapaltin concurrent chemoradiotherapy,no patients presented DLT.40 mg/m2 was suggested as the MTD.Inhibition of platelet was the major DLT.Conclusion Inductive chemotherapy with LF regimen and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with lobaplatin is safe and effective for local-regionally advanced NPC patients and the MTD of lobaplatin for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy is 40 mg/m2.Further clinical trial with large sample is expected.

Objective:To determine the expression of miR-17-92 cluster in osteosarcoma tissue samples and explore its associa-tion with clinical significance. Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reactiom analysis was used to examine the expression of miR-17-92 cluster in osteosarcoma tissues. Normal bone tissues from 63 patients were matched, and the relationships between the ex-pression of miR-17-92 cluster and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of osteosarcoma were explored. Results:The relative expression of miR-17-92 cluster in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). The high expression of miR-17-92 had a significant correlation with reduced survival (P=0.027). Conclusion:The expression of miR-17-92 cluster closely correlates with the occurrence and progress of osteosarcoma and may be used as an indicator for osteosarcoma prognosis.

Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; classification ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; pathology ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of propofol on brain regions at different sedation levels and the association between changes in brain region activity and loss of consciousness using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.

METHODSForty-eight participants were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2011 to March 2012 and randomly assigned to a mild or a deep sedation group using computer- generated random numbers. Preliminary tests were performed a week prior to scanning to determine target effect site concentrations based on BIS and concomitant Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores while under propofol. Within one week of the preliminary tests where propofol dose-response was established, BOLD-fMRI was conducted to examine brain activation with the subject awake, and with propofol infusion at the sedation level.

RESULTSMild propofol sedation inhibited left inferior parietal lobe activation. Deep sedation inhibited activation of the left insula, left superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. Compared with mild sedation, deep propofol sedation inhibited activation of the left thalamus, precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate, and right basal nuclei.

CONCLUSIONMild and deep propofol sedation are associated with inhibition of different brain regions, possibly explaining differences in the respective loss of consciousness processes.

Adult ; Brain ; drug effects ; Consciousness Monitors ; Deep Sedation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; pharmacology ; Male ; Propofol ; pharmacology