Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after feeding high-fat-diet for 8 weeks,and divided into diabetes group and tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis ligand(TRAIL) group.Normal rats severed as a control group.Treatment with TRAIL lasted for 3 months.Total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,blood glucose,and insulin levels were decreased in TRAIL group,as compared with diabetes group.Area of atherosclerotic lesion in TRAIL group [(23.8 ± 5.7) ％] was significantly smaller than that in diabetes group [(47.6 ± 7.8) ％].It suggested that TRAIL may reduce the area of atherosclerotic lesion in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive patients aged 80 or over and associated risk factors at level A tertiary hospitals.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among very old hypertensive patients (≥ 80 years) at 28level A tertiary hospitals by using questionnaire-based surveys.A total of 1298 hypertensive subjects aged between 80 and 101 years were enrolled in this study.Blood pressures was measured in the supine position and the upright position within three minutes of standing,and 316 patients were assigned to the orthostatic hypotension(OH) group and the other 982 patients to the non-orthostatic hypotension(NOH) group.Additional information was acquired through patients' medical records and the questionnaire.Results The prevalence of OH was 24.3％ (316 cases) There were no significan different betueen OH patienl with NOHones in gender and age.OH patients had higher supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P=0.003 and 0.000,respectively),lower standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P=0.000 and 0.000,respectively),and higher rates of past coronary heart disease,stroke and renal abnormalities (P =0.037,0.001 and 0.014,respectively) than NOH patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of OH in the patients was positively correlated with supine systolic blood pressure(OR=1.196,CI:1.153-1.242,P=0.000) and supine diastolic blood pressure (OR =1.740,CI:1.602-1.885,P =0.000) and was negatively correlated with standing systolic blood pressure(OR =0.824,CI:0.795-0.855,P=0.000) and standing diastolic blood pressure (OR =0.584,CI:0.539-0.634,P =0.000).Conclusions The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension is high in hypertensive patients aged 80 years or over at level A tertiary hospitals.Poor blood pressure control may increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

Objective To evaluate the survival benefit of amphotericin B (AmB) plus flucytosine or fluconazole for treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cryptococcal meningitis.Methods The following database were searched from the beginning to October 2013,including Cochrane library,PubMed,OVID,Embase,Wanfang Date,CNKI and Chinese Biomedical Database,and the references of eligible studies were manually screened.Reference lists of relevant articles were screened according to selection and extraction criteria.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2.Results Four prospective controlled studies with a total of 399 patients with cryptococcal meningitis were identified,including 386 patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis and 13 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients.Two hundred and twentyseven patients were treated with AmB and flucytosine combination therapy,including 217 patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis and 10 HIV-negative patients.One hundred and seventy-two patients were treated with AmB and fluconazole combination therapy,including 169 patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis and 3 HIV-negative patients.The Meta-analysis revealed that the mortality rate in AmB plus flucytosine combination therapy group was 6.6％ (95％ CI:18.5％-31.6 ％) at two weeks point,which was significantly lower than that in AmB plus fluconazole combination group (19.7％,95％CI:-23.6％-62.9％; OR=0.51,95％CI:0.27-0.93,P＜0.05).But at 10 weeks point,the mortality rate in flucytosine combination group was 12.9％ (95％oo CI:-22.2％-48.0％),which was lower than that in fluconazole combination group (31.4％,95％ CI:-23.1％-85.9 ％).However,there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups at 10 weeks point (OR=0.70,95％CI:0.44-1.13,P=0.15).Conclusion Administration of AmB plus flucytosine at early stage can reduce the mortality rate in patients with AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Objective To identify the factors related to radiation pneumonia (PR) in lung cancer treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods Data from 163 lung cancer patients treated with IMRT were analyzed with clinical factors and physical parameters related to the dose-volume histogram.The patients were followed for 6 months after radiotherapy.The relationship between survival status and PR was analyzed.Results The incidence rate of over grade 2 patients was 28.22 ％ (46/163).Univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between many parameters associated with such as the site of lobe (P =0.033),COPD (P =0.020),chemotherapy (P =0.020) and prophylactic using of glucocorticoid and antibiotic (P =0.025).Multilogistic regression analysis showed that V20 in the contralateral site,the V5 of the all lungs and PTVV were independent factors.Conclusion The RP is associated with multiple factors.Individualized treatment plans should be made according to the specific circumstances of patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor 11 ( GDF11 ) on aorta in apolipoprotein E-Null( ApoE-/-) mice and its possible mechanisms. Methods Four-week-old healthy male ApoE-/-mice were fed with high-fat diet for 1 week and were then divided into 4 groups:vehicle group(n=10), GDF11 group (n=10),adeno-associated virus-green fluorescent protein group(AAV-GFP group, n=10), and AAV-GDF11 group ( n=10 ) . The mice received intraperitoneal injection with phosphate buffered saline, GDF11 protein, a single injection of purified AAV-GDF11 or AAV-GFP through the tail vein, respectively. After 4 weeks, serum GDF11/8 level and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were detected. After 12 weeks, serum GDF11/8, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α), total cholesterol ( TC), triglycerides ( TG), oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL), and free fatty acids(FFA)levels were measured, the plaque areas in aortic enface and cross sections were measured by oil red O or HE staining, the macrophages/T lymphocytes infiltration in plaques were detected with immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were determined by real-time PCR. Results Compared with vehicle or AAV-GFP groups, GDF11 and AAV-GDF11 groups presented improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, decreased levels of blood inflammatory factors, blood lipid, reduced plaque on face area sections[Vehicle group : GDF11 group:(31. 23 ± 3. 12)% vs (17. 18 ± 2. 17) %;AAV-GFP group : AAV-GDF11 group:(38.01±4.43)% vs(14.54±2.86)%,P<0.05]andcrosssections[Vehiclegroup :GDF11 group:(19. 87 ± 2. 11)% vs (10. 32 ± 1. 47)%;AAV-GFP group : AAV-GDF11 group:(23. 02 ± 2. 76)%vs (9.06±1.63)%, P<0. 05]. There were less macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltration in plaques and lower mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors at aortic wall. Conclusion GDF11 reduces the area of atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-/-mice, which may be involved in endothelial protection, such as to reduce inflammatory reaction, and to change cellular composition in plaques.

Objective: To explore the effect of irisin on atherosclerosis with possible mechanisms in diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. Methods: A total of 30 ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: Control group, the mice received citrate buffer solution for modeling control,n=10. DM group, the mice received streptozotocin injection for DM modeling,n=20; the DM group was further divided into 2 subgroups as DM control (DM-C) group, the mice received normal saline injection for 12 weeks and DM + irisin group, the diabetic mice received irisin injection for 12 weeks.n=10 in each subgroup. With 4 weeks of irisin intervention, the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was detected. With 12 weeks of intervention, the blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were examined by ELISA, the plaque areas in aortic en face and cross sections were measured by Oil red O or HE staining, the macrophages/T lymphocytes inifltration in plaques were detected with immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α were determined by RT-PCR. Results: Compared with DM-C group, DM + irisin group presented improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, decreased levels of blood inlfammatory factors, reduced plaque on face area sections (22.57 ± 2.17) % vs (35.09 ± 2.38) % and cross sections (19.36 ± 1.85) % vs (25.53 ± 7.87) %,P < 0.05, less macrophages (30.5 ± 2.79) % vs (41.34 ± 9.13) % T and lymphocytes infiltration (28.11 ± 4.24) % vs (35.79 ± 9.11) % in plaques and lower mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors(IL-6: 1.76 ± 0.50 vs 3.78 ± 1.15; TNF-α: 1.05 ± 0.30 vs 2.11 ± 0.48; ICAM-1: 1.96 ± 0.69 vs 2.71 ± 0.72; VCAM-1: 0.87 ± 0.21vs 1.45±0.25; MCP-1: 1.34 ± 0.34 vs 1.77 ± 0.55) at aortic wall, P<0.05.Conclusion: Irisin may improve atherosclerosis condition in ApoE-/- DM mice, the endothelial protection and antiinflammatoryreaction were the important mechanisms. Irisin has the potential for preventing/treating atherosclerosis.

Humanumbilicalveinendothelialcells(HUVECs)weretreatedwith3nmol/Lliraglutidefor10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 minutes at the concentrations of 5. 5 or 30 mmol/L glucose. Western blot analysis was used to detected protein expression and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates-1 ( IRS-1 ) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) . The results showed that the baseline level of phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS was lower in high glucose group than that in normal group(0. 239 ± 0. 016 vs 0. 400 ± 0. 02,P<0. 05). Liraglutide time-dependently increased phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS and phosphorylated-IRS-1/IRS-1 levels at 5. 5 or 30 mmol/L glucose.

To study the pharmacokinetics characteristic of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside in rat plasma after oral administration of Bushen Tongluo formula. The plasma samples were treated by using liquid-liquid extraction technique, the concentrations were determined by HPLC-UV. Johnson spherigel C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) was adopted and eluted with the of mobile phase of methanol-water containing 0.01% glacial acetic acid in a gradient mode, with the flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temperature at 30 degrees C and injection volume of 10 μL. According to the findings, loganin was determined at 235 nm, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were determined at 320 nm, with the sample size of 10 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside were calculated by DAS 2. 0 software as follows: C(max) was (0.369 ± 0.042), (0.387 ± 0.071), (0.233 ± 0.044) mg x L(-1); t(max) was (0.226 ± 0.022), (0.282 ± 0.031), (0.233 ± 0.044) h; t(½β) was (6.89 ± 0.20), (10.73 ± 0.11), (6.93 ± 0.09) h; AUC(0-∞) was (1.91 ± 0.36), (3.22 ± 0.52), (1.52 ± 0.33) mg x h x L(-1); AUCO(0-t) was (1.62 ± 0.33), (2.58 ± 0.43), (1.30 ± 0.30) mg x h x L(-1); CL was (20.2 ± 4.0), (1.39 ± 0.23), (31.7 ± 6.9) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The results showed that after the oral administration with Bushen Tongluo formula, loganin, ferulic acid and stilbene glucoside showed concentration-time curves in conformity with the two compartment model, with a rapid absorption, loganin and stilbene glucoside was excreted at a moderate speed, and ferulic acid was excreted slowly (but with the highest bioavailability). Bushen Tongluo formula can main maintain plasma concentration with three administrations everyday and so is suitable to be made into common oral preparation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Coumaric Acids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

To observe BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 expressions in invasive breast cancer and its correlation with clini-cal pathological indicators, as well as to evaluate their clinical significance. Methods:The BAG-l, EGFR, and PARP-1 expressions in a tissue microarray of invasive breast cancer and peritumoral tissues were detected through immunohistochemical staining. The clinical and pathological significance of BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 were evaluated. Results:The BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 expression lev-els are higher in invasive breast cancer tissues than in peritumoral tissues (P<0.05). BAG-1 expression in invasive cancer tissues is not related to age, tumor site, lymph node metastases, and clinical TNM staging of patients, but is related to size, grade, ER, PR, and HER-2 expressions and molecular subtype (P<0.05). EGFR expression is related to size, clinical TNM staging, and molecular subtype (P<0.05). PARP-1 expression is related to grade, lymph node metastases, ER, and molecular subtype (P<0.05). BAG-1 expression is not significantly correlated with EGFR and PARP-1 in all cases, but BAG-1 and PARP-1 expressions are positively correlated in tri-ple-negative breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). Results of the univariate analysis revealed that the BAG-1 and PARP-1 expressions and the molecular subtypes are associated with the prognoses of breast cancer patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that BAG-1 and PARP-1 expressions are factors that are independent of the prognosis. Conclusion: BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 overexpressions in human breast tissues suggest that BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 are related to breast cancer development. BAG-1, EGFR, and PARP-1 are poten-tial biomarkers of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective To review clinical experience of free flap transferring in the reconstruction of head and neck defects. Methods Fifteen free anterolateral thigh flaps, 5 free deep inferior epigastric flaps and 3 free lateral arm flaps were used to reconstruct large area head and neck defects. Results All 23 free flaps were alive with good appearance. 1 case survived by performing embolectomy after suffering arterial crisis and delayed recovery of wound took place in 2 cases. Conclusion Free flap transplantation is an ideal choice for reconstructing large area cranio-facio-cervical defects.