Objective To investigate the correlation between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with risk and and severity of noncardiac ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with acute noncardiac ischemic stroke were enrolled retrospetively and were used as a case group,and the non-stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the same period were served as a control group.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the baseline neurological deficits.The NIHSS score ＜ 8 was defined as mild stroke and ≥ 8 was defined as moderate to severe stroke.The demographics,clinical data,and RDW were collected and compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for the risk of disease and severity of stroke in noncardiac ischemic stroke.Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of RDW for acute noncardiac ischemic stroke and its severity.Results A total of 1 173 patients with acute noncardiac ischemic stroke were enrolled.Over the same period,996 non-stroke patients were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology.The RDW in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (13.1％ ± 1.0％ vs.12.7％ ±0.7％;t=9.545,t ＜0.001).Multivariatelogistic regression analysis showed that RDW (odds ratio [OR] 9.920,95％ confidence interval [CI] 6.286-15.655,P＜ 0.001) was an independent risk factor for acute noncardiac ischemic stroke.ROC curve analysis showed that the RDW cutoff value for predicting acute noncardiac ischemic stroke was 12.55％,the area under the ROC curve was 0.611 (95％ CI 0.588-0.635),the sensitivity was 73.3％,the specificity was 43.7％,the positive predictive value was 60.5％,the negative predictive value was 58.2％,and the accuracy was 59.7％.RDW in the moderate to severe stroke subgroup was significantly higher than that in the mild stroke subgroup (13.7％ ± 1.6％ vs.12.9％ ± 0.6％,t =-13.794,P＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RDW (OR 3.835,95％ CI 3.002-4.899,P ＜ 0.001) was an independent risk factor for the severity of acute non-cardiac ischemic stroke.ROC curve analysis showed that the RDW cutoff value for predicting moderate to severe non-cardiac ischemic stroke was 13.45％,the area under the ROC curve was 0.713 (95％ CI 0.674-0.752),the sensitivity was 47.7％,the specificity was 86.1％,the positive predictive value was 49.8％,the negative predictive value was 85.1％,and the accuracy was 77.6％.Conclusions RDW is an independent risk factor for acute non-cardiac ischemic stroke.Increased RDW is associated with the severity of acute non-cardiac ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)chemotherapy on colon carcinoma Lovo cells.Methods Lovo ceils were exposed to 0.20 MPa HBO combined with 5-FU at different concentrations.The cell cycle was monitored with flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was detected using a methylthiazol tetrazolium test(MTT).Results ①After exposure to HBO,phase accumulation of Lovo cells was significantly higher than in the control group,and the accumulation of Lovo cells exposed to HBO after 24 h was significantly higher than at 12 and 48 hours.②There was difference between HBO(0.20 MPa,post 24 h)+ 5-FU(≤8 pM)group and 5-FU(≤8 μM,12 h)group on the inhibition of cells proliferation(P ＜0.05),and significan difference could be seen between the two groups after treatment for 48 h(P ＜ 0.01); ③There was no significant difference between HBO + 5-FU group and 5-FU group treatment with the concentration(16,32,64 μM)of 5-FU(P ＞ 0.05)for 12 h ;however,the difference could be seen after treatment for 48 h between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The lethal effect on Lovo cells of 5-FU can be enhanced by exposure to 0.20 MPa HBO,especially with low concentrations of 5-FU.

Basic life support ( BLS ) is a very important clinical skill for medical students. However,current BLS education is lack of proper BLS skills evaluation protocol to give educational feedback both to instructors and students. This article is aimed to discuss the necessity of protocol of skills evaluation in basic life support education for medical students prior to their internship.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in colon adenocarcinoma cells. Methods SW480 colon cancer cells were divided into a control group and an HBO group, which was in turn divided into various subgroups according to the various HBO pressures (0.15 MPa, O. 20 MPa, 0.25 MPa) and exposure times (12, 24 and 36 h) tested. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA was evaluated with RT-PCR after the various treatments. Results The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was lower in the SW480 cells than in the controls after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 12 h. No expression of HIF-1α mRNA was detected after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 24 h. The expression of VEGF mRNA was lower after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 36 h than in the controls. Conclusion Absence of HIF-1α mRNA expression and decreased expression of VEGF mRNA in SW480 can be observed after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 24 h, suggesting that HBO may inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels through down-regulating the expression of these mRNAs.

Objective To explore the possible protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on cognitive deficits induced by amyloid β25-35 (Aβ25-35) and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampi of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The animal AD model was established in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ25-35.Twelve rats were injected with normal saline as controls,and another 12 served as normal controls.After the injection,the model rats were further divided into a model group and a treatment group.All the rats were housed with normal feeding for 2 weeks and then those in the treatment groups received a total of 2 courses of HBO treatment (10 days each with an interval of 3 days in between).The other groups were left with no treatment.After the treatment,the rats' learning and memory ability were tested using Morris' water maze test,and any neuronal changes were observed using TUNEL staining.The expression of mRNA and Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the hippocampus were detected using a RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results HBO significantly improved the learning and memory impairment and alleviated neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus compared against the control group.In addition,HBO treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of Bax.Conclusion HBO treatment can prevent learning and memory impairment induced by Aβ25-35 peptides,which might be mediated by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.

Proteomic analysis of core needle biopsy (CNB) sample from patient populations is critical to our understanding of human disease,but has been hindered by its particular small size.Here,we present a method for the proteomic analysis of CNB sample based on the two dimensional electrophoresis.Proteins were extracted directly from 3 rat liver CNB specimens and a human prostate CNB sample.respectively.24 cm Immobiline DryStrip (pH 3-10NL) and 12.5% SDS-PAGE were introduced to separate the proteins.Interesting spots were analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry after tryptic digestion.With this method,consistent electrophoretic patterns of more than 2 500 protein spots were reproducibly obtained after silver staining,from rat liver CNB specimens.Qualitatively and quantitatively reproducible results also yield when the method was applied to a human prostate CNB sample.57 stochastically selected protein spots were analyzed by MALDI TOF/TOF moss spectrometry.and were identified with high confidence including faint ones.This simple and reproducible approach raises the opportunity of defining key molecular events of human disease pathologies.

Recently point-of-care testing (POCT) for cardiovascular biomarkers is sharply increasing among subdivision field of POCT,however the relevant quality control is not matched.In this paper,the present situation and problems about selecting biomarkers,managing quality and reporting results during clinical application were expounded.The difference between POCT for cardiovascular biomarkers and routine biomarkers was elaborated.The domestic and international rules and standards about POCT for cardiovascular biomarkers were summarized.Finally,this paper included some rationalization proposal to solve the noticeable problems of quality control in POCT for cardiovascular biomarkers.

Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies against diphtheria (DT) and tetanus (TT).MethodsPurified diphtheria toxiod and tetanus toxoid were respectively used as the coating antigens,the human-derived serum antibody standard substance of DT and TT served as the standard substance.The dose-response curves of the tested samples and standard substance were fitted.Then the two quantitative ELISA methods for determining the antibody to DT (Anti-DT) and antibody to TT (Anti-TT) were established with the parallel lines method.Then the methodological verification and application study were conducted.Results The validation results of the two quantitative ELISA measurement methods were in accordance with the regulations.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-DT demonstrated to be 0.084 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.6%.The intra-assay coefficient of variation(CV) and inter-assay CV of this Anti-DT assay were ≤ 3.40% and ≤5.05%,respectively.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-TT demonstrated to be 0.175 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.5%.The intra-assay CV and inter-assay CV of this Anti-TT assay were ≤ 2.42% and ≤5.58%,respectively.These two methods were applied for the immunogenicity evaluation after infantile basic immunization by diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.Conclusion The two established quantitative ELISA methods demonstrate high accuracy and good reproducibility,which are suitable for the ordinary laboratory to carry out the work and can be used in the serological effect evaluation after diphtheria and tetanus vaccine immunization and epidemiological study of diphtheria and tetanus disease.

Objective To investigate the influence of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) with two different dosages on the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rats with renal tubular interstitial fibrosis,and to further estimate the changes of renal tubular interstitial lesions.Methods Rat models of renal tubular interstitial fibrosis were established by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO).The male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and 15 rats in each group:sham group,model group,treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4 and treatment group with 5 mg/L T34.Rats in sham group and model group were poured into the same amount of saline.The renal function and renal pathological changes were observed after the second week.The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β and CTGF in renal tissues was tested by in-situ hybridization and Western blotting.Results Compared with that in sham group,the expression of TGF-β mRNA and its protein,CTGF mRNA and its protein was significantly higher in model group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with rats of model group,Tβ4 treatment rats had lower mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β and CTGF (all P ＜ 0.01),and the expression in treatment group with 5 mg/L Tβ4 was lower than that in treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4 (P ＜ 0.05).And the expression of TGF-β mRNA was positively correlated with CTGF mRNA expression (r=0.697,P ＜ 0.01).The 24 h total urinary protein and the area of renal tubular interstitial lesion in model group were significantly more than those in sham group,and also more than those in Tβ4 treatment group (all P ＜ 0.05).Tβ4 treatment attenuated kidney damage,and the effects in treatment group with 5 mg/L Tβ4 were better than those in treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4.No difference in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was observed among 4 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Tβ4 treatment can inhibit the renal TGF-β and CTGF expression of rats with tubular interstitial fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner,and play a protective role in kidney.

OBJECTIVE:To study the purification technology of 4 active components from Tripterygium wilfordii by macropo-rous resin. METHODS:The purification abilities of nine macroporous resins(ADS-5,ADS-8,HPD100,HPD300,HPD400, HPD450,HPD700,HPD722 and HPD750) were studied with the adsorption and desorption rates of triptolide,wilforlide,trip-tonide and tripterine as the index by static adsorption and desorption experiments for 4 active components from T. wilfordii,so as to screen optimal macroporous resins. Using transfer rate of active component as index,single factor test was used to investigate the effects of different sampling method,ratio of mixing sample to total resin quantity,ratio of resin to medicinal material,cleaning so-lution(type,amount and cleaning flow rate),diameter- height ratio of resins,eluant(volume,flow rate)on adsorption,so as to determine the optimal elution technology;validation test was also conducted. RESULTS:HPD722 macroporous resin was chosen as adsorption resin;ratio of diameter to height was 1∶10,resin-medicinal material ratio was 1∶2,and ratio of mixing sample to to-tal resin quantity was 1∶10;wet column installing and mixing resin for sample loading were adopted. The macroporous resin was washed with 12 BV 20%ethanol at the rate of 12 BV/h,and then eluted with 12 BV 95%ethanol at the rate of 6 BV/h. The verifi-cation test results showed that the total transfer rate of 4 active components from T. wilfordii was more than 90%(RSD=0.99%, n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized technology is stable and feasible,and suitable for the purification of 4 active components from T. wilfordii.