ObjectiveTo observe the effects of a modified version of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on upper-extremity function of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Methods22 patients were divided randomly into treatment group (n=10) and control group (n=12). Cases of control group received routine rehabilitation therapy, otherwise, those of treatment group were treated with CIMT. It involved restraining the unimpaired extremity with a restraining-instrument, and having the child engage in activities with the involved extremity 4 hours a day for 2 months repeatedly. Before and after treatment, affected upper-extremity function of all children were assessed with the Fine Motor Function Measure (FMFM) scale.ResultsThe fine motor function of all children in two groups improved significantly(P<0.05), but effect of treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe treatment of CIMT can improve upper-extremity function of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

AIMTo study the chemical composition of Tripterygirm wilfordii Hook. f.

METHODSColunm chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents. UV, IR, MS, HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR (COM and OFR), 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, NOESY and COLOC spectra were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.

RESULTSTwo sesquiterpene alkaloids were isolated and their structures were elucidated as wilforgine and wilfordlongine on the basis of spectral evidence.

CONCLUSIONWilfordclonine is a new sesquiterpene alkaloid.

Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the gross motor function and the clinical types and complications of children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsThe gross motor function of 126 CP children were measured by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Then the correlation between gross motor function, and clinical types and complications was analyzed.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between GMFCS and clinical types and complications ( P<0.001). GMFCS evaluation showed that 55.1% spastic children were categorized into levels Ⅰ and Ⅱ; 53.8% of dyskinetic and 85.7% of mixed children were categorized into levels Ⅳ and Ⅴ; 55.4% of diplegic and total hemiplegic children were categorized into levels Ⅰ and Ⅱ; 67.4% of tetraplegic and 55.6% complex hemiplegic children were categorized into levels Ⅳ and Ⅴ; 100% children with normal developmental quotient (DQ) and 91.6% above borderline of DQ were classified into levels Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The mental impairment was more severe; the levels of GMFCS were more higher. There were more visual impairment, hearing disorder, speech disability, feeding problem and epilepsy in children with levels Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ than that with levels Ⅰ and Ⅱ.ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between GMFCS and clinical type and complications of CP, and the categorization of GMFCS is higher, the complications are more.

Implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) started in 2001 with the unanimous endorsement of the classification by the 54th World Health Organization (WHO) as a framework for describing and measuring health and disability. In recent years, the ICF has been increasingly applied to research and development in China, and has influenced the policies of the Chinese Disabled Person Enterprise and Chinese Rehabilitation Career. This paper introduces the translation, training and spread of ICF and its application in the fields of medicine, society and education in China.
China ; Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; World Health Organization

Objective To evaluate the risk of pressure ulcer in patients with neurosurgical diseases more exactely, and to reduce the occurrence rate of pressure ulcer. Methods The risk factors of 500 patients with wneurosurgical diseases were evaluated using two scales(the self-designed pressure ulcer risk measuring scale and the Braden scale),and the reliability and validity were compared. Results The Cronbaeh'S α for self-made pressure ulcer measuring scale was 0.941,that for Braden scale was 0.743.The factor analysis showed both two measuring scale had good structural validity. When diagnose critical value for self-made measuring scale arrived to 16,the sensitivity was 89％ and the specificity was 78％.When diagnose critical value for Braden scale arrived to 18,the sensitivity was 78％and the specificity was 58％. Conclusions The two measuring scales bear good reliability, structural validity and predictive validity, but self-made pressure ulcer measuring scale is better than Braden scale in patients with neurosurgical diseases. Self-designed pressure ulcer measuring scale could be a suitable measuring tool in the prediction of pressure ulcer for patients with neurosurgical disease.

Objective Throush identify biochemical characteristics and virulence factors of 2 strains suspected Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)isolated from the dead Marmota himalayana(M.himalayana)to confirm the nature epidemic focus in Dege County,Sichuan Province.Methods Y.pestis was analyzed by specific staining and shape,culturing characteristics,splitting-test by bacteriophage,test of biochemical characteristics and glycolysis ability,virulence factors,virulence,nutritional requirement,plasmid,genetic test and genetic type. Results The tested strains were Gram staining bacilus.The main biochemical characteristics were Arabinose(+)、 Rhamnose(-),Maltose(+),Melibiose(-),Glycerol(+),Denitrification(+).The virulence factors with FI+.VW+, Pgm+,Pst I+;and with the common 6.0×106,45.0×106,65.0×106 plasmids,also with the virulence-relative plasmid gene.Both their absolutely lethal dose(LD100)in mice were 50 bacteria.The nutritional requirement appeared which were depended on Phenylalanine and Methionine.With the Genomovar 5 genotype characteristics of M.himalayana plague foci of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The difference between tested strains and Yersinia pseudotubercuosis on the 3 different culture medium was obvious.The tested strains had a Y.pestis' specific 3a fragment,Pst I and FI-Ag,at 22 ℃,the strains could be split by bacteriophage completely.Conclusions According to the diagnostic criteria of plague in China,the 2 suspected strains isolated from Dege County,Sichuan Province ale confirmed as Y.pestis.both with powerful virulenceand with the characteristics of the Y.pestis of M.himahtyana in Qinghai-Tibet plateau plague natural focus.

OBJECTIVETo observe pathological characteristic of bone and soft tissue of the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head in order to investigate the pathogenesis of hallux valgus.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-three patients with hallux valgus (235 feet) were obtained from August 2003 to December 2004 in our department. The bone and soft tissue of the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head were taken out from the incision. The pathological conditions of specimen were observed by HE stain.

RESULTSThe pathological changes included: degeneration and desmoplasia around the attachment point of tendon and joint capsule, reactive hyperplasia of periost, decreasing of bone trabecula, cartilaginification of periost, cortical bone and tendon insertion, bone formation and osteoclasts response.

CONCLUSIONThe pathological changes of the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head of hallux valgus presented extensive chronic inflammation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hallux Valgus ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; pathology ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term results of Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty in the treatment of late stage Freiberg disease.

METHODSFrom July 2006 to December 2007, Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty was performed on 13 patients, 11 male (1 foot) and 12 females (17 feet), suffering from late stage Freiberg diseases. All the cases were the second metatarsophalangeal joints. According to the Smillie classification, 11 feet present with grade 4 osteonecrosis, 7 feet with grade 5. The AOFAS scoring system was used for clinical assessment. All the patients were followed up for an average of 11.3 months (3 to 17 months).

RESULTSThe mean preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores were (50.06 +/- 9.59) and (77.50 +/- 4.99), respectively (P<0.05). The complaint of pain with joint motion was decreased in all patients. The postoperative passive range of motion of joints improved significantly.

CONCLUSIONSwanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty yields satisfied short-term results in late stage Freiberg disease, which is effective to improve range of motion and relieve pain of joint.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicones

Chronic diseases are global threats to human health. By applying the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of body constitution to the treatment of chronic diseases, and comprehensively identifying and differentiating the syndrome, disease, and constitution, TCM can be fully used in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases. In this manner, population-based and evidence-based modern medicine can organically align with the individual-focused and speculation-based TCM, with subsequent benefits for the control of chronic diseases, reducing their burden on human health.

Genome reannotation aims for complete and accurate characterization of gene models and thus is of critical significance for in-depth exploration of gene function. Although the availability of massive RNA-seq data provides great opportunities for gene model refinement, few efforts have been made to adopt these precious data in rice genome reannotation. Here we reannotate the rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) genome based on integration of large-scale RNA-seq data and release a new annotation system IC4R-2.0. In general, IC4R-2.0 significantly improves the completeness of gene structure, identifies a number of novel genes, and integrates a variety of functional annota-tions. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are system-atically characterized in the rice genome. Performance evaluation shows that compared to previous annotation systems, IC4R-2.0 achieves higher integrity and quality, primarily attributable to mas-sive RNA-seq data applied in genome annotation. Consequently, we incorporate the improvedannotations into the Information Commons for Rice (IC4R), a database integrating multiple omics data of rice, and accordingly update IC4R by providing more user-friendly web interfaces and implementing a series of practical online tools. Together, the updated IC4R, which is equipped with the improved annotations, bears great promise for comparative and functional genomic studies in rice and other monocotyledonous species. The IC4R-2.0 annotation system and related resources are freely accessible at http://ic4r.org/.