Objective To investigate the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2) and transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in heart of spontaneous hypertensive rat.Methods The expression of ERK1/2 and TGF-?1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results In arteriole of the heart of 8,16,and 20 week-old SHR,the rate of positive ERK1/2 staining at the endothelium(15.38%,76.97% and 72.72%,respectively) and at the vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) of 16 and 20 week-old SHR(5.49% and 6.83%,respectively)were significantly higher than that of control group(P

Objective To observe the branches and distribution of the tibial nerve and analyze the compressed position of it.Methods Twenty sides of adult cadavers were anatomized and the tibial nerve branches in ankle,foot,the internal and external plantar tunnel were observed.Correlated data was measured and recorded.Results ① The tendinous part of abductor hallucis muscle that was located under the muscle and consisted the surface of the internal and external plantar tunnel was(8.62?0.79)cm in length,(3.01?0.30)cm in width,and the thickness of it was about(0.24?0.02)cm.The internal and external nerves were located in the internal and external tunnel.The length of the internal tunnel was about(4.58?0.41)cm,and the diameter was(1.11?0.10)cm.The length of the external tunnel was about(2.58?0.23)cm,the diameter was about(0.96?0.08)cm.② Internal hell nerve was in an isolated tunnel interior the hell,which was the hell tunnel.The length of the hell tunnel was about(3.03?0.21)cm,the diameter was(1.07?0.09)cm.Conclusion The tibial nerve branches can be compressed at internal,external plantar tunnel or the heel tunnel.When making neurolysis of the tibial nerve for tarsal tunnel syndrome patients,except for the flexor retinaculum,the internal and external plantar tunnel and the hell tunnel should also be decompressed especially for the patients with the symptom of compressed single branch.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy (CCN) rats.Methods Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to control group,rosiglitazone (RGZ,5 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,cyclosporine A(CsA,15 mg·kg-1·d-1) group,rosiglitazone (5 mg·kg-1·d-1) +CsA group.Real-time PCR and RT-PCR methods were used to investigate the expressions of OPN,RANTES on the 14th day and MMP-9,TIMP-1 on the 35th day in kidney of CCN respectively.Results In comparison with control group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA and RGZ+CsA groups were increased (P＜0.05).In comparison with the CsA group,the expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in CsA+RGZ group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Rosiglitazone may protect renal tissue after CCN by decreasing expressions of OPN,RANTES,MMP-9,TIPM-1.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that amblyopic patients have a variety of dysopsia compared with normal people.Engineered visual system could find amblyopia through detection of human visual system.OBJECTIVE:To screen sensitive indexes for amblyopia through visual function examination to establish a intemet-based amblyopia screening method.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized,blinded,and controlled experiment.The study was performed at Department of Optometry,People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September to November 2008.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 80 volunteers undergoing visual examination in Department of Optometry,People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected,aged 4-19 years.All people had no organic diseases of eyes.They were divided into normal group (n=40) and ambiyopic group (n=40) according to their corrected visual acuity (whether ＞ 4.9).METHODS:Using vision system,the various visual function indexes of each participant were examined.The data from single eye and both eyes were collected and analyzed using Fisher.The sensitive indexes were selected to establish identification function for amblyopia screening.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Age,visual noise,orientation identification and contour integration of participants were examined.RESULTS:Results showed that age,visual noise,orientation identification and contour integration were clinically significant indexes,and cross validation suggested that the identification correct rate was 92.5%.The discriminant function of amblyopia was Y1=1.175X1+0.786X2+0.928X3+1.061X4-0.225X5+2.547X6+1.313X7-18.651;the discdminant function of normal vision was Y2=1.369X1+ 1.728X2+1.779X3+1.549X4-1.912X5+2.665X6+0.387X7 26.640.CONCLUSION:Visual noise,orientation identification and contour integration in vision detection system could be used to screen amblyopia in children,in particular with assistance of internat.

Hepatolithiasis is a kind of mixed stone disease which mainly depends on pigment stone.However,the etiology is not clear and the pathogenesis is very complex.A lot of studies confirmed that helicobacter pylori played an important role in the occurrence and development of disease.This paper mainly expounds the problems concerning the characteristic of helicobacter pylori and its connection with hepatolithiasis, its state in the formation of hepatolithiasis.

Objective: To examine the causal relationship between food intake and atherosclerosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, so as to provide the reference for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Methods: Data of 16 types of food (grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, etc.) and 4 types of atherosclerosis (coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis, peripheral atherosclerosis and other atherosclerosis) was collected through IEU OpenGWAS database, with food data comprising approximately 500 000 subjects and 9 851 867 SNPs and atherosclerosis data comprising approximately 200 000 subjects and 16 380 447 SNPs. The causal relationship was analyzed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with food as the exposure variable and atherosclerosis as the outcome variable. Sensitivity analysis was performed using funnel plots and leave-one-out. Results: Dried fruit intake was associated with decreased risks of peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=0.195, 95%CI: 0.082-0.466) and other atherosclerosis (OR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.095-0.452), and cheese intake was associated with decreased risk of peripheral atherosclerosis (OR=0.575, 95%CI: 0.380-0.870). Coffee intake was associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.099-2.462), and alcohol intake was associated with increased risk of other atherosclerosis (OR=1.269, 95%CI: 1.032-1.561). There was no statistically significant association between 16 types of food and cerebral atherosclerosis. No horizontal pleiotropy was found, no single SNP had significant impact on the overall estimated value, and the funnel plots did not show significant bias. Conclusion Dried fruit and cheese intake are protective factors for atherosclerosis, while coffee and alcohol intake are risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate cause,treatment and prevention of esophageal fistula caused by anterior cervical spine surgery.Methods Between January 2004 and December 2011,2348 patients underwent anterior cervical spine surgery.Among them,5 patients suffered from esophageal fistula owing to operation,including 3 males and 2 females,with an average age of 34 years (range,14 to 48 years).The diagnosis of these patients included 3 cases of cervi(c)al injury,1 case of cervical spondylosis and 1 case of cervical tuberculosis.There was 1 patient whose esophageal injury was founded during the surgery,and that was directly repaired.For another 4 patients,esophageal fistulas were founded after operation; one case underwent debridement and orificium fistulae repair; one case only underwent debridement; one case underwent debridement and second-stage removal of hardware; and one case underwent debridement and second-stage removal of hardware and esophageal repair with sternocleidomastoid flap.Postoperative treatment included esophageal rest,enteral nutrition,wound drainage,and antibiotic administration.Methylene blue was used to evaluate status of orificium fistulae.Results All patients with esophageal fistula were cured 9 to 61 weeks after treatment,and oral intake was achieved.They were followed up for 6-48 months.There was no recurrence of esophageal fistula,cervical instability and infectious spondylitis in any ease.All patients were satisfied with swallowing function and outcome of cervical spine diseases.The Frankel grade was improved averagely one grade in patients with cervical injury,and the JOA score was improved from preoperative 9 points to postoperative 15 points in patients with cervical spondylosis.Conclusion Successful management of esophageal fistula caused by anterior cervical spinal surgery depends on primary closure of the perforation with or without muscle flaps,surgical drainage,esophageal rest and nutrition support,and removal of hardware if necessary.Prevention consists of the careful operation and gentle tissue handling.

Objective To explore the feasibility of artificial silastic framework(SF)in repair of large area of tracheal wall defects.Methods Twenty healthy adult dogs with tracheal defects for 2.5 cm?6.0 cm-3.0 cm?6.0cm were randomly and equally divided into experimental group(repaired with SF combined with sternohyoid fasciae)and control group(repaired with T-silastie tubule combined with sternohyoid fascial flap).After the operation,the animals were sacrificed at the 4th,8th,16th,24th, and 48th weeks respectively for harvesting the tracheae that were used for tracbeoscopically observing in- flammatory reaction of the repaired defect area and light microscopically observing epithelium healing on the repaired defect area.Results In the experiment group,the repaired trachea was smooth,without proliferation of granulation;and at the 8th week,the repaired defect area was covered with epithelial cells,with good functional recovery of respiration,phonation and deglutition.In the control group,there was obvious proliferation of granulation on the tracheal surface near anterior and posterior ends of T-silas tic tubule.The animals were under asphyxia to die with extraction of T-silastic tubule.Conclusions SF has excellent tracheal skeletal function.In the meantime,SF combined with sternohyoid fasciae is a simple but effective method for repair of large area of tracheal wall defects.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the initiator of RNA interference and inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation of specific messenger RNA. siRNA-mediated gene regulation has high efficiency and specificity and exhibits great significance in the treatment of diseases. However, the naked or unmodified siRNA has poor stability, easy to degrade by nuclease, short half-life, and low intracellular delivery. As an emerging non-viral nucleic acid delivery system, ionizable lipid nanoparticles play an important role in improving the druggability of siRNA. At present, one siRNA drug based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles has been approved for the treatment of rare disease. This review introduces the research progress in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, focusing on the effect of each component of lipid nanoparticles on the efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which provides new references for the studies on ionizable lipid nanocarriers for siRNA delivery.

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry