BACKGROUND: 6-minute walking test (6MWT) is a submaximal test, characterizing by easily processing and low cost, thus it is widely used in the clinic. However, how to change walking distance into maximal motor capacity needs to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of 6-minute walking distance (D), work (W), peak oxygen uptake (VO_2 peak) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2 max) detected by Bruce.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study was performed at tshe Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University from March to May 2009.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled, including 14 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (22.0±2.3) years.METHODS: All 25 subjects were tested with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) according to Bruce, VO_2 max and anaerobic threshold (AT) was detected respectively, then 6MWT" was adopted to detect 6-minute walking distance (D), work (W) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2 max) of subjects. Data of pulmonary gas exchange in breathing was detected by wireless remote sensor K4b~2 to obtain VO_2 max and VO_2 peak.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Regularity of cardiac rate, oxygen uptake and respiratory frequency varied with time passing; ② Walking distance, work, oxygen uptake, cardiac rate and respiratory frequency were compared before and after testing; ③ Maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold with CPET were compared to peal oxygen uptake with 6MWT; ④ Correlation of distance, work between maximal oxygen uptake and peal oxygen uptake.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between AT from CPET and VO2 peak from 6MWT (P > 0.05). 6-minute walking distance was not correlated with either VO_2 peak or VO_2 max. However, 6-minute walking work was linearly correlated with both VO2 peak (r=0.779 7, P < 0.001) and VO_2 max (r=0.894 1, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: 6-minute walking test is an exercise test at level of anaerobic threshold. 6-minute walking work can reflect both submaximal exercise capacity and maximal exercise capacity.

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features of lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) of pelvis lymph node.Methods A patient with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma and LAM was analyzed including clinical data and pathological features.HE and immunohistoehemistry of EnVision stainings were used,and the literatures were reviewed.Results Well-moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma could be observed in the endometrium.Proloferation of LAM cells were seen in the capsule and medulla of the pelvic lymph node.The LAM cell was spindle,epitheliod and polygonal cells with oxyphilic or clear cytoplasm which arranged surrounding lacunes.The LAM cells showed no atypia and mitosis could not seen.The tumor cells showed diffusely positive for SMA,Caldesmon,desmin,vimentin,ER and PR,the cells lining the lacunes were positive for CD34 and D2-40.The epitheliod cells were positive for HMB-45 and negative for Melan-A.The Ki-67 immunostaining showed a proliferation index of ＜ 1％.Conclusion LAM is an uncommon neoplastic multisystem disease that affects the lungs mostly.Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with LAM of pelvic lymph node is extremely rare.The diagnosis can be made according to the histological characteristics and immunohistochemical features.Moreover this conclusion will provide the clinicopathological materials for the future study about LAM.

Objective:To study the difference of the development between mandibular condylar cartilage and femoral head cartilage in vitro.Methods:Mandibular condyles and femoral heads were sampled from 1 2 neonatal mice and cultured in vitro.The samples before culture and after 6-week culture were examined by gross observation,HE staining,Alizarin Red staining and PCNA immunohistochem-istry respectively.Results:After in vitro culture,abnormal changes were observed in condyle cartilage,but the surface area of condyle cartilage was not changed(P >0.05).HE staining showed partial cartilage layer structure disappearance and the Alizarin Red staining confirmed calcification in the cartilage matrix.However,calcification was not found in femoral head cartilage,and the surface area of femoral head cartilage increased(P <0.05).HE staining showed the hypertrophied layer was thicker after culture than before and the Alizarin Red staining showed there was no calcification in the femoral cartilage matrix.The immunohistochemistry displayed PCNA posi-tive expression in both cartilage after culture.Conclusion:In vitro,the mandibular condylar cartilage matrix can be spontaneously cal-cificated.

Of 26 cases with pheochromocytoma which had been proved on operation,pathological examination was done in 21 cases.The authors analysed the cardiovascular complications in these patients and correlated them with the pathologic findings of the tumor.The results showed that patients with predominantly epinephrinesecreting tumors were prone to post-hypertesive hypotension,arrhythmia with rapid heart rate and catecholamine-induced myocardosis.Some illustrative examples were presented and path-ophysiology of these complications were discussed.

Glycosides are the active ingredients (AIs) of many Chinese herbs and have become hot spots along with the findings of their new functions,such as anti-inflammatory,antivirus,enhanced immunity and anti-cancer.It has been found that glycosides exert their effects by converting to aglycons or other AIs in vivo.Therefore,the transformation of glycosides to the corresponding AIs in vitro becomes very important to enhance their bioavailabilities.The microbial transformation has an unparalleled advantage in the transformation of Chinese herbs in vitro for its reaction specificity,less by-products,mild reaction conditions and environmental protection.This paper summarized and prospected researches of glycosides' microbial transformation.

Objective To investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA(shRNA) eukaryotic expression vector‐mediated silen‐cing of the survivin‐gene on proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) .Methods The shRNA vector targeting the survivin gene and negative control vector were transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) incubated with 50 ng/mL of recombinant VEGF in vitro by lipofectamine 2000 .Transfection after 48 h ,the expression of survivin mRNA and protein was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot ,respectively .HUVEC proliferation was assayed by four methylthiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL .Results (1)Transfection with survivin‐shR‐NA vector significantly down‐regulated the expression of survivin mRNA and protein as compared with the control group ,after transfection of 48 h(P<0 .05) .(2)After survivin‐shRNA vector transfected ,the proliferation of HUVEC decreased significantly . After transfection 24 ,48 ,72 h ,the growth inhibition rate were (13 .53 ± 3 .91)% ,(38 .97 ± 1 .82)% ,(65 .75 ± 1 .83)% respective‐ly ,at 72 hours after transfection was the most significant .(3)The apoptosis rate of experimental group was (28 .07 ± 1 .71)% , which was higher than the negative control group (11 .45 ± 1 .52)% and blank control group (10 .04 ± 1 .46)% (P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion The shRNA‐mediated mediated silencing of the survivin‐gene could significantly inhibit proliferation and promote the apopto‐sis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by regulating survivin expression .

Objective To investigate the effect of serum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) on proliferation and cycle of EC9706 cells, and to explore the action of blood micro-environment of ESCC patient with BSS on EC9706 cells. Methods Human EC9706 cells were cultured in an incubator with RPMI-1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum ( FBS) , at 37℃ and under 5% saturated humidity for 24 h. After EC9706 cells were starved in serum-free medium for another 24h, the three experimental groups were treated with serum of ESCC patients with BSS, serum of ESCC patients with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS), and serum from healthy volunteers, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, EC9706 cell morphology was observed under light microscope, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer (FCM). Results The serum concentrations of ESCC patients with BSS and ESCC patients with SQDS for obtaining 50 percent cell proliferation rates ( PI50) were 71.1 μL/mL and 118 μL/mL, respectively. And the proliferation of EC9706 cells in the both groups all arrived to the peak values at culturing hour 48. The light microscopy results showed that the feature of EC9706 cells in both groups presented as spindle-like or polygon-like shape, and cell count in BSS group was larger than SQDS group. FCM assay results for EC9706 cell cycle showed that the percentage of G1-phase EC9706 was decreased and the percentage of S-phase EC9706 was increased in BSS group as compared with those in SQDS group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Serum micro -environment in ESCC patients with BSS is more beneficial to EC9706 cells proliferation than ESCC patients with SQDS, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell cycle.

We are reporting in this article some analyzed data obtained from inspection and related information on current situations medical devices in use. Some ideas and suggestions are also proposed here on how to systematically and legally inspecting and monitoring medical devices in use.
Equipment Safety ; Materials Management, Hospital

Objective The clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion are complex.The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between lesion location and onset symptoms of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion.Methods Fifty three patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction caused by acute artery occlusion were collected from Nanjing Stroke Registry.They were hospitalized in Jinling Hospital from January 2007 to July 2016 and were divided into sudden onset group and progressive onset group.Their clinical and digital subtraction angiography data were analyzed retrospectively.Results Middle and distal segment of the basilar artery occlusions were usually found in sudden onset group.Patients in progressive onset group were more likely to present with proximal segment of the basilar artery occlusions.Significant statistical difference was found between two groups (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the symptoms of patients with proximal segment basilar artery occlusion tended to be progressive onset, compared with patients affected by distal segment occlusion (OR=14.77,95%CI:1.57-139.00, P=0.019).Conclusion There was significant relationship between lesion location and onset symptoms of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion.Early diagnosis and timely treatment may improve clinical prognosis in patients.

Objective To compare the three kinds of methods for in vitro primary culturing of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast-like cells (RASFs), in order to get fast and effective culture methods. Methods Synovial tissue from RA synovial arthroscopic resection were treated by collagenase digestion method, modified tissue culture method, double enzyme digestion method respectively. By using an inverted phase contrast microscope, cell morphology and growth characteristics were observed and identified with vimentin staining. Trypan blue was used to count the number of living cells after culturing for 14d. Results The three primary methods could successfully isolate and culture RASFs, and RASFs met the morphological characteristics of vimentin-positive cells>95%, namely, the proportion of RASFs cell confluence was 70% after 16-20days by the collagenase digestion method,whose cell confluence proportion reached 95%after 4 weeks;and the cell confluence proportion was above 70%after 10-14days by modified tissue culture method,and the cell confluence proportion reached 85%after 4 weeks by the double enzyme digestion method. The comparison of the viable cells number cultured same number of synovial tissue by the three methods show the viable cells number cultured by the modified tissue culture method were (1.60±0.08) ×106, those by the collagenase digestion method were (1.41±0.08) ×106, those by the double enzyme digestion method were (1.19 ±0.05) ×106, which were with significant difference among them (P<0.05) .The comparison of incubation time of RASFs primary cells showed it took (267.50±16.58) mins by the collagenase digestion method, (183.75 ±11.08) mins by the double enzyme digestion method, and 149.10 ±13.71mins by the modified tissue culture method, with significant differences (P<0.05) .Conclusion Modified tissue culture for RASFs is an efficient and fast culture method, the number and purity of RASFs can meet the requirements for biology experiments.