BACKGROUND: 6-minute walking test (6MWT) is a submaximal test, characterizing by easily processing and low cost, thus it is widely used in the clinic. However, how to change walking distance into maximal motor capacity needs to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of 6-minute walking distance (D), work (W), peak oxygen uptake (VO_2 peak) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2 max) detected by Bruce.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study was performed at tshe Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University from March to May 2009.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled, including 14 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (22.0±2.3) years.METHODS: All 25 subjects were tested with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) according to Bruce, VO_2 max and anaerobic threshold (AT) was detected respectively, then 6MWT" was adopted to detect 6-minute walking distance (D), work (W) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2 max) of subjects. Data of pulmonary gas exchange in breathing was detected by wireless remote sensor K4b~2 to obtain VO_2 max and VO_2 peak.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Regularity of cardiac rate, oxygen uptake and respiratory frequency varied with time passing; ② Walking distance, work, oxygen uptake, cardiac rate and respiratory frequency were compared before and after testing; ③ Maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold with CPET were compared to peal oxygen uptake with 6MWT; ④ Correlation of distance, work between maximal oxygen uptake and peal oxygen uptake.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between AT from CPET and VO2 peak from 6MWT (P > 0.05). 6-minute walking distance was not correlated with either VO_2 peak or VO_2 max. However, 6-minute walking work was linearly correlated with both VO2 peak (r=0.779 7, P < 0.001) and VO_2 max (r=0.894 1, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: 6-minute walking test is an exercise test at level of anaerobic threshold. 6-minute walking work can reflect both submaximal exercise capacity and maximal exercise capacity.

Objective:To study the difference of the development between mandibular condylar cartilage and femoral head cartilage in vitro.Methods:Mandibular condyles and femoral heads were sampled from 1 2 neonatal mice and cultured in vitro.The samples before culture and after 6-week culture were examined by gross observation,HE staining,Alizarin Red staining and PCNA immunohistochem-istry respectively.Results:After in vitro culture,abnormal changes were observed in condyle cartilage,but the surface area of condyle cartilage was not changed(P >0.05).HE staining showed partial cartilage layer structure disappearance and the Alizarin Red staining confirmed calcification in the cartilage matrix.However,calcification was not found in femoral head cartilage,and the surface area of femoral head cartilage increased(P <0.05).HE staining showed the hypertrophied layer was thicker after culture than before and the Alizarin Red staining showed there was no calcification in the femoral cartilage matrix.The immunohistochemistry displayed PCNA posi-tive expression in both cartilage after culture.Conclusion:In vitro,the mandibular condylar cartilage matrix can be spontaneously cal-cificated.

Glycosides are the active ingredients (AIs) of many Chinese herbs and have become hot spots along with the findings of their new functions,such as anti-inflammatory,antivirus,enhanced immunity and anti-cancer.It has been found that glycosides exert their effects by converting to aglycons or other AIs in vivo.Therefore,the transformation of glycosides to the corresponding AIs in vitro becomes very important to enhance their bioavailabilities.The microbial transformation has an unparalleled advantage in the transformation of Chinese herbs in vitro for its reaction specificity,less by-products,mild reaction conditions and environmental protection.This paper summarized and prospected researches of glycosides' microbial transformation.

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features of lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) of pelvis lymph node.Methods A patient with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma and LAM was analyzed including clinical data and pathological features.HE and immunohistoehemistry of EnVision stainings were used,and the literatures were reviewed.Results Well-moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma could be observed in the endometrium.Proloferation of LAM cells were seen in the capsule and medulla of the pelvic lymph node.The LAM cell was spindle,epitheliod and polygonal cells with oxyphilic or clear cytoplasm which arranged surrounding lacunes.The LAM cells showed no atypia and mitosis could not seen.The tumor cells showed diffusely positive for SMA,Caldesmon,desmin,vimentin,ER and PR,the cells lining the lacunes were positive for CD34 and D2-40.The epitheliod cells were positive for HMB-45 and negative for Melan-A.The Ki-67 immunostaining showed a proliferation index of ＜ 1％.Conclusion LAM is an uncommon neoplastic multisystem disease that affects the lungs mostly.Endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with LAM of pelvic lymph node is extremely rare.The diagnosis can be made according to the histological characteristics and immunohistochemical features.Moreover this conclusion will provide the clinicopathological materials for the future study about LAM.

Of 26 cases with pheochromocytoma which had been proved on operation,pathological examination was done in 21 cases.The authors analysed the cardiovascular complications in these patients and correlated them with the pathologic findings of the tumor.The results showed that patients with predominantly epinephrinesecreting tumors were prone to post-hypertesive hypotension,arrhythmia with rapid heart rate and catecholamine-induced myocardosis.Some illustrative examples were presented and path-ophysiology of these complications were discussed.

We are reporting in this article some analyzed data obtained from inspection and related information on current situations medical devices in use. Some ideas and suggestions are also proposed here on how to systematically and legally inspecting and monitoring medical devices in use.
Equipment Safety ; Materials Management, Hospital

Objective To assess the efficacy of whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in detecting pediatric primary and metastatic malignant tumor. Methods WB-DWI was performed in 62 healthy pediatric volunteers and 40 pediatric patients with confirmed malignant tumors. The healthy volunteers were divided into three groups: 0 to 12 months, more than 12 months to 5 years and more than 5 to 15 years. The characteristics of WB-DWI imaging were analyzed. McNemar test was used to compare the difference of detection on metastasis between WB-DWI and WB-DWI combined with MRI, CT. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ) values of primary tumors and metastases were measured by using paired t test and compared with those of corresponding body regions of control group. Results WB-DWI imaging shows that signal intensity of metaphysis gradually reduces with increasing age in the normal pediatric group. On WB-DWI primary malignant tumors showed 100％ (40/40) high signal intensity and metastases showed high signal intensity in 89.2％ (58/65) on WB-DWI, with a positive predictive value of 90. 6％ (58/64). The detecting rate for metastases increased to 95.4％ (62/65) when WB-DWI was combined with MRL/CT, with a positive predictive value of 95.4％ (62/65) there was no statistically significant difference ( x2 = 2. 25, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The ADC values of primary malignant tumor sites in head ( n = 5), liver(n=6), kidney(n=8), adrenal(n=ll) were (0.76 ±0. 19) ×10-3 , (0. 97 ±0.29) × 10-3,(0. 81 ±0. 12) × 10-3 and (0. 93 ±0. 28) × 10-3mm2/s and those of corresponding body regions of control group were (1.02 ±0. 11) × 10-3,(1.57 ±0.58) × 10-3, (1.19 ±0. 15) × 10-3 and (2.03 ±0.42) ×10-3mm2/s respectively, there were statistically significant difference( t values were 3.54,3. 84,7. 02 and 12. 57 ;P ＜ 0. 05 ). The A DC values of metastases sites in head ( n = 9 ), liver ( n = 13 ), kidney ( n = 17 ),bone(n =7) and lymph node(n =6) were (0. 88 ±0. 12) × 10-3, (0. 98 ±0. 10) × 10-3, (0. 89 ±0. 11 ) × 10-3, (0. 96 ±0. 15) × 10-3 and (0. 83 ±0. 14) × 10-3mm2/s, and those of corresponding body regions of control group were (1.01 ±0.09) × 10-3, (1.45 ±0.39) × 10-3, ( 1.31 ±0.27) × 10-3, ( 1.34 ±0. 20) × 10 -3 and ( 0. 99 ± 0. 08 ) × 10 -3 mm2/s, there were statistically significant difference ( t values 4. 09,45.50,6. 95,14. 00 and 9. 27 ;P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Increased signal intensity is more frequently observed in metaphysis of long bone in normal children on WB-DWI. With a high detection rate for primary and metastatic malignant tumors, WB-DWI combined with conventional CT; MRI can significantly improve their sensitivity.

Objective To observe the effects of cultivation mode of autonomous learning ability in TCM formula on students’ learning capacity and comprehensive quality. Methods On the basis of inheriting the traditional teaching mode, classroom questioning, class discussion, problem-based learned teaching, simulated prescription exercises, autonomous teaching and training, the mid-term oral test, and autonomous proposition consisted of autonomous learning ability training mode diversification. In the teaching process, teachers' teaching was the primary, and was interspersed with cultivation mode of autonomous learning ability. At the end of the teaching activities, questionnaire survey method was adopted to evaluate the autonomous learning ability training mode in the teaching of TCM formula. Results 81.30%-97.74% students believed that this mode is helpful to improve their learning ability and comprehensive quality; 75.87%-98.49% students believed that it is necessary to carry out the mode in the teaching activities; 69.53% students believed that conducting mid-term examination in the form of oral teat is feasible. Conclusion The cultivation mode of autonomous learning ability for TCM formula can stimulate the learning enthusiasm of the students from various angles, raise interest in learning, arouse students’ learning enthusiasm and initiative, and further cultivate autonomous learning ability and clinical thinking ability, which can provide references for the teaching reform of TCM formula.

Objective To investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA(shRNA) eukaryotic expression vector‐mediated silen‐cing of the survivin‐gene on proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) .Methods The shRNA vector targeting the survivin gene and negative control vector were transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) incubated with 50 ng/mL of recombinant VEGF in vitro by lipofectamine 2000 .Transfection after 48 h ,the expression of survivin mRNA and protein was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot ,respectively .HUVEC proliferation was assayed by four methylthiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL .Results (1)Transfection with survivin‐shR‐NA vector significantly down‐regulated the expression of survivin mRNA and protein as compared with the control group ,after transfection of 48 h(P<0 .05) .(2)After survivin‐shRNA vector transfected ,the proliferation of HUVEC decreased significantly . After transfection 24 ,48 ,72 h ,the growth inhibition rate were (13 .53 ± 3 .91)% ,(38 .97 ± 1 .82)% ,(65 .75 ± 1 .83)% respective‐ly ,at 72 hours after transfection was the most significant .(3)The apoptosis rate of experimental group was (28 .07 ± 1 .71)% , which was higher than the negative control group (11 .45 ± 1 .52)% and blank control group (10 .04 ± 1 .46)% (P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion The shRNA‐mediated mediated silencing of the survivin‐gene could significantly inhibit proliferation and promote the apopto‐sis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by regulating survivin expression .

Objective To investigate the effect of serum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) on proliferation and cycle of EC9706 cells, and to explore the action of blood micro-environment of ESCC patient with BSS on EC9706 cells. Methods Human EC9706 cells were cultured in an incubator with RPMI-1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum ( FBS) , at 37℃ and under 5% saturated humidity for 24 h. After EC9706 cells were starved in serum-free medium for another 24h, the three experimental groups were treated with serum of ESCC patients with BSS, serum of ESCC patients with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS), and serum from healthy volunteers, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, EC9706 cell morphology was observed under light microscope, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer (FCM). Results The serum concentrations of ESCC patients with BSS and ESCC patients with SQDS for obtaining 50 percent cell proliferation rates ( PI50) were 71.1 μL/mL and 118 μL/mL, respectively. And the proliferation of EC9706 cells in the both groups all arrived to the peak values at culturing hour 48. The light microscopy results showed that the feature of EC9706 cells in both groups presented as spindle-like or polygon-like shape, and cell count in BSS group was larger than SQDS group. FCM assay results for EC9706 cell cycle showed that the percentage of G1-phase EC9706 was decreased and the percentage of S-phase EC9706 was increased in BSS group as compared with those in SQDS group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Serum micro -environment in ESCC patients with BSS is more beneficial to EC9706 cells proliferation than ESCC patients with SQDS, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell cycle.