Objective To survey the outcome of the Orientation and Mobility (O&M) Skills Training projects, a communities based rehabilitation which was advancing in Yunnan. Methods 310 blind subjects in model areas were assessed with the Assessment Standard of O&M Training for the Blind. Results 98.7% of subjects improved their mobility skills after receiving O&M skills training, that was 44.5% could walk independently in short distance, 34.5% in long distance, and 19.7% in complex surroundings in detail. There was no difference (P>0.05) among the different gender, educated level, and visual loss level, however, there was significant difference (P<0.05) made by the age level and the causes of disability of vision. Young and middle-aged subjects have better training result than the aged, as well as the congenital blind ones than the postnatal ones. Conclusion O&M skills training in Community Based Rehabilitation Services is effective for visual rehabilitation.

Objective To observe the incidence of fragmented QRS complex (fQRS)and ST Segment depression fQRS (STD fQRS)during the first 48 hours after non-ST elevation myocardial infarction(NSTE MI)and discuss the value of predicting mortality in patients with NSTE MI .Methods Based on the ECGs ,the patients with NSTE MI were divided into two groups :fQRS and non fQRS group .And then fQRS group was divided into two sub-groups :STD fQRS and non-STD fQRS group .Their mortality was studied during long-term follow-up .Results (1)731 patients with NSTE ACS [the NSTE MI group(n=609) and the UA group(n=122)] were studied .The incidence of fQRS in the NSTE MI group was higher than that of the UA group .(2)All cause mortality in the fQRS group were higher than that in the non-fQRS group ,and all-cause mortality in the STD fQRS group were higher than that in the non-STD fQRS group ,all the above results were not only in the early stages of NSTE MI ,but also in the long term fol-low-up .(3) Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that STD fQRS was an independent significant predictor for all cause mortality ,but not of the fQRS .Conclusion The STD fQRS may be an independent predictor of mortality in patients with NSTE MI .

Objective To investigate the effects of Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsule on oxidative stress and vascular endothe‐lial function in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) .Methods A total of 86 patients with T2DM were randomly di‐vided into the routine glucose‐reducing group(routine group ,40 cases) and the Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsule group(Yindan Xin‐naotong group ,46 cases) .On the basis of diet control and exercise ,the routine group was given the glucose‐reducing therapy for blood glucose reaching the standard for 12 successive weeks ,while on the basis of blood glucose reaching the standard by the rou‐tine therapy ,the Yindan Xinnaotong group was added with Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsule ,1 .2 g per time ,3 times daily for 12 successive weeks .The changes of blood lipids ,MDA ,SOD ,NO and ET were determined before treatment and after 12‐week treat‐ment .The flow mediated endothelium‐dependent diastolic function (FMD) and non‐flow mediated endothelium‐dependent diastolic function (NMD) in brachial artery were simultaneously detected using ultrasonography .Results After 12 weeks of treatment ,the levels of TC ,TG ,LDL‐C ,MDA and ET in the two group were obviously decreased compared with before treatment ,the levels of HDL‐C ,SOD ,NO and FMD in both groups were increased (P<0 .05);moreover the above indexes after treatment in the Yindan Xinnaotong group had significant changes compared with the routine group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Cap‐sule can down‐regulate oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolic abnormality and obviously improve the injured vascular en‐dothelial function in T2DM .

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of endoclips and endoloops on postpolypectomy bleeding of large colorectal polyps.Methods Data of patients,who underwent polypectomy during January 2013 to March 2016,were retrospectively collected.The diameters of all polyps were more than 10 mm.Cases were divided into 4 groups.Before large pedunculated (with thick stalks) polyps were resected,endoclips were used to ligate the pedicles of polyps in Group A,and endoloops were used in Group B.After large sessile and pedunculated (without thick stalks) polyps were resected,endoclips were used to close the incision of polypectomy in Group C,but not in Group D.The immediate and delayed postpolypectomy bleeding rate and clinicopathologic features were studied.Articles about endoclip or endoloop on preventing post-polypectomy bleeding in PubMed in last five years were searched and analyzed.Results A total of 2 006 polyps were included.The immediate bleeding rate was 3.4％ (5/147) and 3.8％ (5/132) of Group A and B,respectively.The delayed bleeding rate was 6.1％ (9/147) and 7.6％ (10/132) of Group A and B,respectively.The delayed bleeding rate of Group C and D was 3.2％ (28/888) and 1.9％ (16/839),respectively.None of the bleeding cases needed a surgical operation.And no perforation occurred.Six articles were included for analysis.Most of articles revealed that endoclip and endoloop were effective tools in prevention of post-polypectomy bleeding.Conclusion Endoclips and endoloops are useful to prevent bleeding after resection of large pedunculated (with thick stalks) polyps.For large sessile and pedunculated (without thick stalks) polyps (diameter＞ 10 mm),the effect of endoclips to prevent postpolypectomy bleeding still needs further discussion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the white matter fiber connectivity of the anterior commissure (AC) and schizophrenia, and to explore the role of AC connectivity in cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-four patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 29 healthy controls underwent diffu-sion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure fractional anisotropy (FA). Fiber tracking was then used to reconstruct the white matter fiber connectivity of AC to examine the white matter integrity. We also analyzed the relationship between AC integ-rity and cognitive function. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with first-episode schizophrenia had a signifi-cant reduction in mean FA of AC tracts [(0.48±0.07) vs. (0.54±0.05),P=0.002],longer completion time in trail making test(TMT)[TMT_A: (55.19 ± 19.15) vs. (36.61 ± 11.72), P<0.001;TMT_B: (88.84 ± 38.92) vs. (53.75 ± 23.41), P<0.001] and worse performance in logical memory test [immediate logical memory score:(6.12±3.85) vs. (11.69±3.68), P<0.001;delay logical memory score:(3.33±3.16) vs. (9.83±4.15), P<0.001]. In addition, there was negatively correlation of mean FA of AC tracts with TMT_A completion time (r=-0.458, P=0.037) or TMT_B completion time (r=-0.541, P=0.011) in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls. Conclusion This study supports the disconnection hypothesis of schizo-phrenia. The deficit of AC microstructure integrity may be partly responsible for impaired executive functions in schizo-phrenia, suggesting that the integrity of white matter fiber is an important endophenotype of schizophrenia.

Objective: To propose reasonable suggestions to promote the standardization of clinical studies by reviewing the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of essential hypertension (EH). Methods: Computer retrieval was conducted through Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses relevant to treating EH with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. The time range was from the database's inception till July, 2020. The studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data-extracted. The study's quality and evidence ratings were performed by referring to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA), a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Results: A total of 14 studies, 10 in Chinese and 4 in English, published between 2012 and 2019, were included, involving 70 outcome measures. The methodological quality was rated as critically low, the reporting was relatively complete or had certain flaws, and the evidence strength was rated as low or very low. Conclusion: Regarding the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of EH, the methodological quality and outcome measure evidence of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses are relatively low, and the reporting quality also expects further improvements.

Adrenomedullin ; Animals ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Peptides ; blood ; pharmacology ; Portal Pressure ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a severe food-poisoning and to trace the possible strains.

METHODSReal-time PCR was applied to detect nuc gene as a specific marker for S. aureus, mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance and 5 other genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, see, sed, see). Isolates were also performed with 16S rRNA oligonucleotide sequence analyzing by DNAStar MegAlign 5.0 software and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) by BioNumerics Version 4.0 software.

RESULTSThe nuc gene was detected from the 10 isolated strains, sea and seb genes were detected from 7 strains. There were 4 16 S rRNA types and 5 PFGE types found from all the strains.

CONCLUSIONSThree relative S. aureus strains were involved in the severe food-poisoning at least. Molecular subtyping might give a molecular epidemiological evidence and support the source tracing of an outbreak.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Enterotoxins ; Humans ; Staphylococcal Food Poisoning ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To observe the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in wound tissue and wound effusion in patients with chronic pressure ulcers treated with an alternating pres- sure relief mattress,and to correlate these observations with wound healing.Methods A total of 24 patients with chronic pressure ulcers were recruited and divided into two groups :one treated with an alternating pressure relief mat- tress and the other without,in addition to conventional treatment for pressure ulcers.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the wound tissue and its exudate were amplified with a reverse transeriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and analyzed using quantitative gelatin zymography.Wound healing was also observed and assessed using the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH).Results The wounds were observed to heal well in both groups,as indicated by a significant decrease in the PUSH scores.Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the PUSH score on the 21st day after initiation of the study.With the healing of the pressure ulcers,the expression both MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased.On the seventh and the 21st days,the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients treated with an alternating pressure relief mattress was significantly less than in those without the mattress.Conclusion MMP-2 and MMP-9 can be biomarkers for the healing of pressure ulcers. An alternating pressure relief mattress is helpful for treating pressure ulcers.

Objective: To establish a TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time fluorescence RT-PCR assay for avian influenza H5N6 virus used in rapid diagnosis for suspected cases and surveillance for outer environment of live poultry markets. Methods: Based on the conservative sequences of avian influenza H5N6 virus for HA and NA gene published on GenBank, specific primers and TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to develop and optimize for the dual real-time RT-PCR assay. Specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and comparison tests were carried out. Results: This dual real-time RT-PCR detection can be completed within 80 minutes. There was no cross-reaction with other subtypes of influenza virus and common respiratory pathogens. The minimum detection limit could be up to 10 copies/reaction. The correlation coefficient of standard curve for the gene of H5 and N6 were 0.999 and 0.993, and the coefficients of variation for cycle threshold were range from 0.151%-0.549%and 0.213%-0.575%, respectively. The positive and negative coincidence rates of the validation test were 100%. Conclusions This TaqMan-MGB probe-based dual real-time RT-PCR for avian influenza H5N6 virus was rapid, specific and sensitive. It will have a good use in early emergency detection of suspected cases and continuous monitoring of external environment in live poultry trade market.