In order to study the light propagation in biological tissue, we analyzed the divergent beam propagation in turbid medium. We set up a Monte Carlo simulation model for simulating the divergent beam propagation in a semi-infinite bio-tissue. Using this model, we studied the absorbed photon density with different tissue parameters in the case of a divergent beam injecting the tissue. The simulation results showed that the rules of optical propagation in the tissue were found and further the results also suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of the light could refer to the rules of optical propagation.
Computer Simulation ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Optics and Photonics ; Scattering, Radiation

AIM:To establish the quality standard for Siwei Jianghuangtang Powder(Rhizoma Curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli). METHODS: Rhizoma Curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli were identified by TLC,and the content of curcumin was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The TLC for the identification of Rhizoma curcumae longae,Cortex Berberidis,Fructus Phyllanthi,Fructus Tribuli in the powder was accurate.While the content of curcumin was determined by HPLC,curcumin showed good linear relationship at a range of 0.022 4-0.179 ?g,r=0.999 7.The average recovery of curcumin was 99.4%(n=9) and RSD was 1.46% by HPLC. CONCLUSION: The method is specific,reliable and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of Siwei Jianghuangtang Powder effectively.

According to that Y-chromosomal sequence in characterised by Y-specific repeat DNA family (DYZ1 ), which contain 800-5000 copies, a pair of primers Y3, Y4 is designed to amplify their 446bp long of specific DNA segment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), so as to detect male fetal cells in materal blood. In this paper male fetal cells in maternal blood can be detected by PCR amplification of unpurified DNA from maternal peripheral blood during various stages of gestation (early, middle, late). Compared with villi, ammotic fluid and deliverd neonate sex their coincident rate are 93%. 100%, 87. 5% respectively among three periods. It is revealed that noninvasive examining fetal cells from peripheral blood of pregnant women for diagnosis of sex-linked inherited diseases is significant valuable.

With the development of clinical education,Urology Department in Xiangya Hospital has identified teaching object and scheme,and improved the condition and modality of teaching and the level and development of clinical teaching.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Bronchi ; abnormalities ; Bronchography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tracheal Stenosis ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVE: There exists a close relationship between drying of a fresh herb and its preservation and extraction of efficient components. In order to investigate the influences of different drying methods on extraction and separation of ginsenosides, three drying processes, such as drying in the sun, drying in oven and microwave drying, were used to dry fresh ginsengs. METHODS: The ginsenosides of the dry ginsengs were extracted by poaching and microwave heating, and were separated by foam separation. The concentrations of ginsenosides were measured. RESULTS: Microwave drying saved both time and labor, and was favorable for release of ginsenosides. The ginsenosides could be extracted from the dry ginsengs in a shorter time by microwave heating than poaching. The ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rd could be observably concentrated by foam separation. CONCLUSION: Microwave drying and microwave assisted extraction are efficient and economic methods with a high recovery yield of ginsenosides.

Objective To explore a feasible and effective method of purse-string suture and traction in proce- dures for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)with circular stapler.Methods Width of resected mucosal band and ex- tent of residual hemorrhoid mucosal lifting were compared between two groups of patients with hemorrhoids receiv- ing PPH with“two-point retraction”method(group one,110 cases)and other retraction methods(group two,40 cas- es).Results For group one of 110 cases with“two-point retraetion”,resected mucosal band of all cases were intact and and average width ranged from 3.5 to 5cm.There was a completely residual hemorrhoid mucosal lifting(com- plete return of prolapsed hemorrhoid into the anal canal)in 100 cases of group one(91%).But in group two with other retraction methods,average width of resected mucosal bands ranged from 0.2 to 3.5cm and there was an in- complete band in 10 cases(25%).The rate of mucosal lifting in this group was only 62.5%(19/40).Conclusion Two-point retraction is a feasible,effective and simple method in PPH,resulting in an intact resected mucosal band and sufficient hemorrhoid mucosal lifting.So the two-point retraction PPH is worth to be extended for application.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To evaluate the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism array ( SNP array) in prenatal diagnosis for screening the abnormality of women with Down’ s syndrome ( DS) .METHODS:The amniotic fluid samples ( n=312) collected by amniocentesis for the DS screening abnormality women were tested by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, respectively.The findings of karyotyping and SNP array analysis were compared.RESULTS:Two cases of trisomy 21 were identified by karyotyping and SNP array analysis, but SNP array analysis failed to identify 6 cases of chro-mosome balanced structural rearrangement.SNP detected 176 cases copy number variants ( CNVs) in 303 cases normal karyotype were detected by SNP, including 106 benign CNVs, 61 variants of unknown significance (VOUS), 9 de novo CNVs, and none of them was pathogenic.The distribution difference of CNVs in DS screening positive group and DS screening positive plus advanced maternal age group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) .Furthermore, we reported 14 kinds of CNVs for the first time in population.CONCLUSION:SNP array can further assure chromosome microdupli-cation/microdeletion.In normal karyotype fetus of prenatal diagnosis, SNP can detect some clinical significant CNVs.

According to ZFY gene sequence on Y-chromosome, which supposedly codes for the testis determining factor (TDF), a pair of primers F3.2 and F4.2 were designed to specifically amplify 650 bp DNA fragment. The amplified product was electrophoresized on 1.5% agarose gel stained with EB, and then directly visualized under UV. This protocol resulted in constantly producing 650 bp band of the specific product by amplification of 500 pg male genomic DNA and had the same result when mixed with 100 fold amount of female genomic DNA. When this method was used to detect Y-ZFY of chorionic villi and amniotic fluid in 20 samples respectively, its accuracy for determining fetal sex reached 100 percent.

Objective: Combining with national drug sampling program,to evaluate the current quality situation and problems of compound Yinqiao and paracetamol and chlorphenamine maleate capsules by testing and analyzing 78 batches of samples collected from the realm of drug production and circulation all over the country in 2015.Methods: As the current standard could not control the product quality, and combined the prescribed examination with exploratory research, the method of HPLC was used to determine the contents.GC and TLC was respectively used to identify peppermint oil and study on forsythin.Near infrared spectrum database was established by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which provided the basis for rapid testing.The results of the prescribed examination and exploratory research were statistically analyzed.Results: There were significant differences in the results of the prescribed examination and exploratory research.Conclusion: The results of exploratory research show that there are many defects in the statutory standards.The product quality of different manufactures was divers, and it is necessary to guide them to improve the preparation process and the quality.More exclusive, accurate and sensitive methods should be used to comprehensively control the quality.