Brain ; physiopathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Cognition Disorders ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the cognition of the elderly to the safety of drug use and their demand for pharmaceutical care,and to improve pharmaceutical care in the hospital and guarantee the safety of drug use.METHODS: Questionnaires about medication information were designed.315 elderly patients,who were collected from 10 old-age homes of Liaocheng,domestic sickbed department and 5 community medical service stations of Liaocheng Municipal People's Hospital from Oct.2008 to Mar.2009,were involved in study.Investigation data were analyzed statistically using SPSS17.0 software.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Results of study showed that the elderly had not sufficient knowledge towards the safety of drug use,especially drug allergies,side effects of drugs and special population medication.There was significant difference in the understanding of the safety of drug use among the elderly with different education levels,different occupations and different medical insurance patterns.The potential danger of medication is present.They are desirous of acquiring pharmaceutical care.Pharmacists should carry out medicine consultation and popularize pharmaceutical knowledge.They also should provide a comprehensive pharmaceutical care for the elderly people to ensure the safety of drug use in the elderly.

Immunoblotting(IB) technique has been frequently used to detect bullous pemphigoid (BP) antibodies in BP patient.It is important to extract the antigen proteins fully and intactly in the base membrane zone(BMZ) of normal human epidermis.The simple method of extracting antigens will make IB techniqne easy.Three different methods of extracting antigen proteins were compared.Using IB for detecting BP antibodies,it has been found that the results of epidermal extract preparations are basically similar.However,one of these methods (NO.1) is more convenient and may obtain more amounts of antigens.Another method(No.3) is identical to that of extracting antigens in dermis for de- tecting epidermolysis bullosa acquista (EBA) antibodies.Therefore,in using IB technique to distinguish BP from EBA,one can apply method No.3.

Objective To provide guide for clinical diagnosis,classification and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD).Methods A total of 56 patients with chronic renal insufficiency were divided into three different groups:CKD4 period,CKD5 period and long-term hemodialysis(over 5 years).Their serum calcium,phosphorus,iPTH,bAP,and TRACP levels,and the bone mineral density were examined.Results The incidences of CKD-MBD in the three groups were 36.4%,73.0%,and 87.5%,respectively.High-turnover bone disease accounted for 65.79%,and the low-turnover bone disease accounted for 34.21%.The bAP and TRACP activity was significantly increased in patients with high-turnover bone disease and decreased in those with low-turnover bone disease.Conclusion CKD-MBD is a common complication of patients with chronic renal failure,with the main type being high-turnover bone disease,but the low-turnover bone disease can not be ignored.TRACP and bAP are the sensitive indicators of osteoblasts and osteoclast activity,and they could be used to identify high or low turnover bone disease.TRACP and bAP,together with serum calcium,phosphorus,iPTH,bone mineral density changes,can be used for a comprehensive analysis of bone metabolic state,so as to guide the diagnosis,sub-typing,drug selection and comprehensive treatment of CKD-MBD.

In this year,ASH annual meeting reported several new targeting therapeutic drugs for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a part of lymphoma.Those drugs focus on some key targets in the signal transductional pathway of B cells.Although these targeting drugs individually did not improve the complete remission rate of CLL,but several clinical trial results showed that the combination therapy of those drugs with other drugs significantly improved the efficacy of CLL,and prolonged the progression-free survival of CLL patients.Therefore,experts believe that combination therapy and sequential therapy will start a new era in the treatment of CLL.This paper will share only the latest advances in the treatment of CLL and parts of lymphoma with domestic readers.

The anatomical and functional details of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint were studied on 55 normal cadaver knees of adults.ACL is made up of multiple fascicles, the basic unit of which is collagen. It is attached to the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle and front of the anterior tibial spine. ACL is narrow in the middle and fans out at the attachments. The fascicles of ACL have been summarily divided into two groups: the anterior medial portion (AMP) and the posterior lateral portion(PLP). The tension of AMP is different from that of PLP during movement of the knee. ACL restricts the anterior drawer sign, and the internal and external rotation of the knee. AMP acts with the knee in flexion and PLP in extension. ACL restricts hyperextension, too. The function of ACL is related to its morpholcgical structure and the anatomy of the attachments. Rupture of ACL may result in instability of the knee, and injuries to the different components of ACL may produce different signs.

The article reviewed the common analysis methods, and application status of the surface electromyography (sEMG) in the assessment and treatment of child neurological rehabilitation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of Bcl-2 and P53 expresssion after whiter matter damage in neonatal rats. Methods100 rats (2 days old) were randomly divided into two groups: control group and periventricular leucumalacia (PVL) group. Control group received normal saline 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, PVL group received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. The expression of Bcl-2 and P53 was measured 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h after operation with immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe expression of Bcl-2 increased 6 h after operation, and to the top 48 h after operation in the PVL group, which was significantly different compared with the control group (P<0.01). The expression of P53 increased at 6 h after operation, and to the top 12 h after operation in the PVL group, which was significantly different compared with the control group (P<0.01). ConclusionThe expression of Bcl-2 and P53 increased in the white matter injuried neonatal rats induced by LPS.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is a member of MMP family, can degrade extracellular matrix. During the early stage of cerebral ischemia, MMP-2 degrades endothelial tight junction and basal lamina resulting in the opening of blood-brain barrier. During the late stage, MMP-2 promotes neurovascular regeneration and the recovery of the damaged brain tissue.

Axial symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as gait disturbance and postural instability, do not respond well to anti-Parkinson drugs or deep brain stimulation.It has been reported that spinal cord stimulation can improve these symptoms, but the effects are not consistent.This article reviews animal experiments and clinical trials on spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, in order to explore the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation and give some suggestions for future research and clinical application.