Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common digestive diseases with high prevalence and long course.CC patients often suffer from sleep disorders and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.Somatic and mental symptoms may affect with each other, so a vicious circle will develop to impair patients′ quality of life (QOL) and increase their economic burden.The article reviews the impact of chronic constipation on QOL and economic burden of patients, indicating that clinician should pay sufficient attentions on chronic constipation.

Objective:To investigate the current status of periodontal diseases in the population at the age of 12,35~44 and 65~74 years in Chongqing,to provide information for the establishment of oral health care policies in Chongqing. Methods:A stratified equal-sized randomly sampling design was applied to obtain 751 objects aged at 12 years old,723 objects aged at 35~44 years old and 722 objects aged at 65~74 years old of three cities and three rural areas in Chongqing. The status of gingival bleeding,dental calculus,periodontal pocket and loss of attachment were assessed according to "The Guidline for the Third National Oral Health Survey" by using a CPI prode.The detection rates were calculated and were compared in aspect of area and gender. Results:In the group aged 12,the detection rates of gingival bleeding and dental calculus were 79.49% and 86.68% respectively and the detection rates of dental calculus in rural areas were higher than that of urban residents(P

Objective:To explore the significance of ethical issues in emergency medicine.Method:Literature review combined with specific features of emergency department in author's hospital is employed to explore the ethical issues in current emergency medicine,and the necessity to emphasize ethical issues.Related countermeasures are also come up with according to a small sample investigation among emergency residents in author's hospital.Result:Due to the unique characteristics of emergency medicine,there are specific ethical issues arising in emergency department.Conclusion:Enough emphasis should be attached to the reasons for ethical issues in emergency medicine.Relevant regulations and patients triage should be improved in emergency medical treatment.It is also called for to value patients' legal rights,strengthen physician-patient communication,and protect patients' life safety after emergency treatment.Meanwhile,it is also significant to relieve emergency doctors' stress at work,and strengthen sustainable on-job training and team-work of emergency doctors.

Antithyroid drugs(ATD)is the main treatment for hyperthyroidism and its adverse reactions have been much concerned by physicians. Methimazole(MMI)and propylthiouracil(PTU)are the two common antitithyroid drugs used currently. Generally, the ATD are safe and effective, though their clinical adverse reactions are also relatively common. The toxic effects include liver damage and leukocytopenia, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pulmonary small-vessel vasculitis, hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, muscle impairment,and so on. They are usually reversible and disappear spontaneously when the drug is discontinued. However,the serious rare side effects can also occur and there may have potentially deadly threatening effects which need to be cautious for the clinicians. MMI is usually preferred over PTU because it has significantly fewer side effects. And unlike the dose-dependent side effects of MMI, there has no significant correlation between adverse reaction and drug dosage in using PTU. Moreover, PTU has more severe hepatotoxity than MMI, even fatal liver impairment and liver failure. The risk of liver damage from PTU is an important concern, particularly in children. For this reason, MMI is the first choice for treating children with hyperthyroidism.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of aclacinomycin A polylactide lyophilized nanopartical (ACM-A-PLA-NP) in plasma of rabbit.METHODS:HPLC was selected to determine the concentration of aclacinomycin A in plasma after a single dose of ACM-A-PLA-NP and lyophilized ACM-A.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of these two dosage forms were obtained by 3p87.CONCLUSION:The lyophilized ACM-A-PLA-NP has a more sustained release character comparing with the lyophilized ACM-A.

Objective: To imrove the current situation that disinfection is inconvenient and ineffective when infant incubators are used. Methods: To make some improvements without changing the structure and performance of existing infant incubators. Results: Built-in disinfection device is designed to overcome the difficult operation, poor effect and inconvenience in use. Conclusion:It has been awarded“the state utility model”for its safety and convenience (patent no:ZL200520117573.9).

BACKGROUND: Rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation is a very valuable model for experimental study in liver transplantation including organ preservation, tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury, allograft rejection and immune tolerance mechanism. Stable liver transplantation animal model is the basis of the related experimental studies. However, its experimental operation is long and boring, especially performed by a single operator under direct vision. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the operation techniques to establish a stable rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation by a single operator under direct vision. METHODS: The orthotopic liver transplantation was performed using two-cuff method in 50 pairs of rats. We exposed the abdominal cavity fully, perfused the donor liver through abdominal aorta without flipping donor liver; suprahepatic inferior vena cava was in vivo cut down using one-step method, without diaphragm ring; the suprahepatic inferior vena cava was anastomosed with single-row suture, and the cuff of portal vein was installed by fixing the blood vessel forceps on rubber. Hepatic artery was not reconstructed. Fluid replacement was administered to maintain hemodynamic stability in rats after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The donor operative time was (36.2± 2.5) minutes, donor liver trimming time was (12.2± 1.5) minutes, receptor operative time was (45.6 ± 3.5) minutes, suprahepatic inferior vena cava anastomosis time was (10.1 ± 2.1) minutes, portal vein cuff time was (1.5 ±0.9) minutes, infrahepatic inferior vena cave cuff time was (1.1 ± 0.6) minutes, anhepatic phase was (15.1 ± 2.2) minutes. The success ratio of the operation was 100% and the survival rates within 1 week and 1 month were all 100%. It is indicated that the key factors of a successful model were stable anesthesia, good donor liver perfusion, adequate exposure, skilled microsurgical technology and vascular anastomosis technique.

The authors analyze the theory of four-season health-preserving in Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor 《黄帝内经》).Combined with the unique natural climatic condition and the physical characteristics of population in the Lingnan area (the area south of the Five Ridges),the health-preserving concepts of local people and local famous Chinese medical physicians are explained from four seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter.The four-season health-preserving concept in Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor has important guiding significance on the health care of people in Lingnan area.

AIM: To establish the co-culture mode of tissue-engineered tracheal seeding cells, and compare with the routine culture, so as to provide the fundament of tissue-engineered trachea construction by cell compound materials. METHODS: The experiment was completed at the laboratory, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from May 2006 to May 2007.①Three healthy New Zealand male rabbits, weighed (250.00?0.75) g, were used in this study.②Co-culture mode: The tracheal epithelial cells and fibroblasts were isolated and then co-cultured for 7-10 days. The two kinds of cells were distinguished according to their different tolerances to trypsin. Subsequently, A hole received 0.5 g/L trypsinization, cells were suspended in DMEM medium containing 0.05 volume fraction of CO2 and then transplanted into B hole (fibroblasts); again, A hole was added with 2.5 g/L trypsin for digestion, afterwards cells were suspended with K-FSM medium and transplanted into C hole (tracheal epithelial cells). Routine culture: after isolation, tracheal epithelial cells were cultured and fibroblasts were purified, respectively.③The co-cultured cells and the traditionally cultured cells were compared via cell growth curve and cell proliferation detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS: ①Cell growth: Co-cultured cells grew well, those in A hole increased intercellular apace after trypsinization, while cells in B hole were shaped as fusiform, without the manifestation of typical road stone-like cells, and cells in C hole were apposite, showing lamellar road stone-like morphology.②Cell growth curve: The growth curve of co-cultured cells was identical with that of cells by routine culture method.③Cell proliferation: MTT detection revealed no significant difference in the proliferation of co-cultured cells and cells cultured by traditional method (P

Objective To study the correlation between expression of mannose-ligand receptor(MR) on capacitated human sperm in vitro and acrosome reaction induced by zona pellucida(ZP). Methods The swimming-up sperms were incubated in capacitating medium BWW for 6 hours at 37℃, and then treated with solubilized mouse zona pellucida(mZPS).After an hour, the percentages of spermatozoa labeled with FITC-DMA were counted and used to show the expression of MR; the percentages of acrosome-reacted sperm visualized with fluoresceinated Pisum sativum agglutinin(PSA) were recorded. Results There is no correlation between expression of MR on capacitated human sperm in vitro and acrosome reaction induced by mZPS.Conclusion Expression of MR on capacitated human sperm in vitro might not be the essence of capacitation.;