OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current situation and the trend of cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley between 2002 and 2004.METHODS:Consumption of cardiovascular drugs used in 157 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtze river valley were analyzed by the way of sum and DDDs ranking. RESULTS:The total annual cost of the cardiovascular drugs used in 6 cities was 13.6 billion yuan in 2004, increasing by 58.8%, as compared with that in 2002.The total average consumption of anti-anginal and vasodilating agents, antithrombotic agents and antihypertensives accounted for 84.1% of the total cost in 3 years.CCB, ACEI, Nitrate esters,?-blockers and Chinese medicines dominated in the ranking of sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION: Right medicines with higher patient compliance rates, lower ADR occurrence, more certain therapeutic effect and economical daily cost have become the preferable choices for clinical physicians.

Hemorrhage ; pathology ; Humans ; Thrombocytopenia ; pathology

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of upregulated NQO 1 protein expression in uterine cervix carcinoma ( UCC) .Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraf-fin-embedded UCC specimens from 123 patients.Disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)rates for all cervical UCC patients were calculated using the Kaplan -Meier method ,and univariate or multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model .Results The NQO1 protein showed a main-ly cytoplasmic staining pattern in cervical cancer cells ,and the strongly positive rate of NQO 1 was significantly higher in UCC.High-level NQO1 was closely associated with poor differentiation ,late-stage,lymph node metas-tasis and high-risk for HPV infection.Additionally,high-level NQO1 was associated with lower DFS and OS rates .Furthermore ,Cox analysis revealed that NQO 1 expression emerged as a significant independent hazard factor for DFS rate in patients with UCC .Conclusion NQO1 overexpression might be an independent biomarker for prognostic evaluation of UCCs .

BACKGROUND:As a good candidate for bioresorbable bone graft, carbonate apatite monolith can be prepared by sintering procedure;however, sintering can cause carbonate loss and result in a much lower rate of
biodegradation compared to the human bone, thereby influencing the formation of new bone.
OBJECTIVE:To fabricate low-crystal inity carbonate apatite monolith as bone graft and test its properties. METHODS:Calcium carbonate monolith prepared by carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 monolith was treated in 1 mol/L
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The calcium carbonate completely transformed into low-crystal inity B-type
carbonate apatite after treated for 14 days. Diametral tensile strength of the final product was (10.27±1.08) MPa, which is adequate as a reconstruction material for bone defect. The carbonate content was (4.80±0.50)%, similar to that of the nature bone. The molar Ca/P was 1.63±0.01, indicating the Ca-deficient carbonate apatite is
obtained. The present method al ows an easy fabrication of low-crystal inity B-type carbonate apatite block with adequate strength and without sintering process.
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution at 60 ℃ up to 14 days. Diametral tensile strength was examined for biomechanical properties;X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope observation and chemical analyses (carbonate, calcium and phosphate content) were also performed for physical and chemical properties.

Selenium, iodine and zinc are the essential trace elements for human body and the important components of many kinds of hormones, proteins and enzymes. The three elements can play important biological roles by affecting the hormones, proteins and enzymes in human body, one of the three elements can influence the biological effects of the other two. For preventing and curing some deficiency diseases and supernutrition, to study the correlated biological effect of the three trace elements will demonstrate the important theory significance and practical value.

[Objective]To evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in patients with carpaltunnel syndrome (CTS) by measuring the thickness of transverse carpal ligament.[Method]Forty patients who had clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed as CTS underwent surgery and ultrasonographic examination by the same operator for the thickness of transverse carpal ligaments at the level of the hook of the hamate bone in transverse plane preoperatively.Twenty-four asymptomatic normal wrists served as control.Data of the ultrasonography and surgey from patients and the control groups were compared to determine the diagnostic parameters.[Result]The ultrasonographic thickness of transverse carpal ligaments in CTS patients was (0.42?0.08)cm at hamate hook leve and the data from surgey was (0.40?0.10).The data in control group was (0.29?0.07)cm.There was significant difference in the mean value of thickness of transverse carpal ligaments between the two groups at the same level.There was no significant difference between the data of CTS from surgey and ultrasonography.[Conclusion]Ultrasonography examination of the thickness of transverse carpal ligamentsis is a new and feasibile method in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Recent research has gained much depth and details on the response-to-therapy assessment system (RTAS) of DTC. The concept of RTAS was first proposed in the 2015 ATA guidelines, mainly advocating dynamic and ongoing assessment of a disease process after primary therapy is completed. This recommendation is to compensate for the deficiency of a static, single-parametric evaluation system that is conventionally pathology-dominated. The concept of risk-adaptive management has been adopted in individual decision-making processes, so as to tailor treatment plans accordingly with an understanding that therapies (e.g. surgery, etc.) should also be involved as a continuum of risk assessment. The RTAS according to the new guidelines has been clearly highlighted worldwide. This review aims to outline the progress and latest update of RTAS on DTC.

Hepatitis B ; pathology ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an ubiquitous and important transcription factor. It regulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. A large body of research showed that Nrf2-Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap 1)-ARE signaling pathway is involved in the endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. Nrf2 increases the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, protects cells and tissues from the injury of a variety of toxicants and carcinogens. As a result, Nrf2 enhances the expression of glutathione and antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, and subsequently scavenging free radicals. Air pollution especially from PM2.5 particles, is associated with an increasing morbidity of inflammatory pulmonary diseases and their deterioration. More and more studies demonstrated that Nrf2 was a novel signaling molecule in the modulation of inflammatory responses in these inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as asthma, acute lung injury (ALI) and COPD. Therefore, Nrf2 targeting might be a therapeutic target, which will provide clinical benefit by reducing both oxidative stress and inflammation in asthma, acute lung injury (ALI) and COPD. This review focused on the relationship between Nrf2 and inflammatory respiratory diseases and oxidative stress.
Acute Lung Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of peripheral arterial obstructive disease(PAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients. Methods A total of 401 patients with T2DM(201 men and 200 women),mean aged was(63.4?8.8)years.PAD was diagnosed by an ankle-brachial index(ABI)≤0.9 on either leg.Results Overall prevalence of PAD was 19.4%,without significant sexual difference.Univariate analyses disclosed age,hypertension,systolic blood pressure(SBP),low dense lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and T2DM duration as significant risk factors.In multiple Logistic regression,age,SBP,LDL-C and T2DM duration were independent risk factors with respective odds ratios(95% confidence intervals,CI) of 1.94(1.20-2.60),1.12(0.88-1.43),1.32(0.97-1.63) and 1.27(0.96-1.73) respectively.Conclusions Prevalence of PAD in T2DM patients is(19.4)% and the major risk factors were older age,higher SBP,higher LDL-C and T2DM duration.This implies that it is very important to prevent the incidence of PAD for better glucose,lipid and blood pressure control early.