This paper describes the value of positron emission tomography(PET) in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Current status and prospect of positron emission tomography in mainland of China were briefly discussed: PET examination cost has not been covered by national health care system at present. Numbers of PET should be increased within limits and its development should keep balance with economic and social development level. It is necessary to have more nuclear medicine physicians training and cooperation between PET physicians and clinical referring physicians.

During 131Ⅰ therapy or the natural course of DTC,2％ to 5％ of them will gradually no longer be sensitive to 131Ⅰ therapy and lead to radioactive iodine-refractory DTC (RAIR-DTC).Recent studies found that alterations of critical molecular targets in main signal transduction pathways could decrease the iodine-trapping function of thyroid carcinoma,such as BRAFV600E mutation,followed by negative 131 Ⅰ-whole body scan (WBS) and discounted efficacy.This article reviews novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for RAIR-DTC.

0.05).Conclusion Gatifloxation is safe and efficient in the treatment of community acquired pneomonia.

Objective To evaluate the significance of the panel of 6 microsatellites in detection of bladder cancer. Methods In the tumor tissue and urine sediment of 32 cases of bladder cancer 10 microsatellites were chosen and PCR-SSLP silver staining assay was conducted according to the methods described in the literature and our previous study.15 cases of non-bladder cancer served as controls. Results Microsatellite alternate (MA) was found in 30 out of 32 cases of bladder cancers,the sensitivity being 93.8%.The MA of urine sediment of 15 cases of non-bladder cancer was negative,the specifity being 100.0%.Among the 10 microsatellites, 6 ones were chosen;the MA positivity of the panel of the 6 ones was 90.6% (29/32).This result was not significantly different from that of the panel of 10 microsatellites. Conclusions MA assay is a sensitive,effective method for detection of bladder cancer.Compared with the panel of 10 microsatellites,the panel of 6 microsatellites may be a better tool for detection of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the condition of the occurrence of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) induced by Chinese materia medica.METHODS:A total of 933 ADR cases induced by Chinese materia medica published in 100 different kinds of journals during 2000～2008 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 156 kinds of Chinese materia medica were involved in these ADRs,which were administered by 5 routes,with intravenous administration showing the highest incidence at 78.46%. Among all the ADRs,the systemic reactions represented 57.77%.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to popularize the knowledge on safe medication of Chinese materia medica,standardize clinical rational use of Chinese materia medica and its preparations and tighten control and monitoring on the ADRs induced by Chinese materia medica.

Objective To evaluate the impact of low-dose 131I therapy and high-dose 131I therapy on the clinical outcome in PTC patients coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods A total of 140 non-distant metastatic PTC patients (16 males,124 females,age range:16-66 years) from July 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Patients concurrent with HT (n=84,group A) were divided into low-dose group (1 110 MBq,n=56,group A1) and high-dose group (5 550 MBq,n=28,group A2) according to 131I ablation dose.Patients without HT (n =56) were enrolled as control group (group B),and received 1 110 MBq of 131I.The thyroid remnant ablation outcome was evaluated according to 131I diagnostic whole-body scan (Dx-WBS),neck ultrasonography (US),serum Tg and TgAb level 6-8 months after 131I ablation therapy.The successful ablation rates were compared by x2 test.Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was also used.Results There were no significant differences among the 3 groups in terms of both clinicopathological features and postoperative remnant thyroid (H:0.203-2.944,x2:0.271-0.970,all P＞0.05).When negative Dx-WBS and US were deemed as successful ablation criterion,complete ablation rate was found significantly more in group B (94.6％,53/56) than that in group A1 (82.1％,46/56;x2=4.264,P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between group A2 (85.7％,24/28) and group A1 (x2 =0.318,P＞0.05).When combining negative sTg (sTg＜1 μg/L,TgAb＜46 kU/L) with the above 2 criterions to assess remnant ablation outcome,group B also had a higher successful rate to achieve complete ablation (85.7％,48/56) compared with group A1 (75.6％,34/45),but without statistical significance (x2=2.978,P＞0.05),and no difference was observed between group A2 (12/15) and group A1 (x2=1.320,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Non-distant metastatic PTC patients coexisting with HT has undesirable 131I ablation outcome compared with those without HT,increasing 131I dose is unhelpful to enhance efficiency of remnant ablation for PTC patients with HT.

Objective To explore the role of Orexin in pathogenesisepilepsy and treatment of epilepsy based on the literatures published from 1998 to 2014 at home and abroad.Methods Searched the literatures from the online database including Pubmed,CNKI and Wanfang Datebases in July 2014.The words Orexin,epilepsy,Orexin receptor,epilepsy treatment were used as search terms.Analyze the effect Orexin and its receptors in the occurrence,development and treatment of epilepsy.Results 102 related literatures were retrieved and 30 were adopted into analysis.It was showed Orexin is a kind of excitatory neuropeptides and it can increase the excitability of cerebral cortex.Epilepsy can be induced bv excessive expression of Orexin.Conclusion Excessive expression of Orexin can cause epileptic seizure.Inhibiting the excessive activation of Orexin neurons is of important to control seiznres in clinical practices.

Objective This study evaluates the effectiveness for using acute plateletpheresis (APP) as a blood conservation method to reduce the need of blood transfusion and increase coagulation function in aortic arch surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA ). Methods Thirty-six type-A aortic dissections patients (male 31,female 5,age 23-65 years,ASA physical status II-IV)undergoing frozen elephant trunk with total arch replacement (Bentall plus Sun's surgery)were enrolled in the prospective randomized trial.The patients were randomized into two groups:regular blood conservation group (group control,n = 18)and group APP (n = 18).Blood sample was collected respectively after anesthesia induction (T1 ),before heparinization (T2 ),by the end of surgery (T3 )and 24 hours after surgery (T4 ).Data was collected and reviewed in terms of perioperative transfusion needs,normal laboratory examination,clinical outcomes including blood routine analysis (Hb,Plt,MPV,P-LCR)and thrombelastography (TEG-R,TEG-K,TEG-α,TEG-A,TEG-MA,TEG-EPL).Kaolin and heparinase detections were performed for TEG.Results Com-pared with T1 ,TEG-R,TEG-K,TEG-A,TEG-MA,TEG-EPL and Plt were significantly decreased while TEG-CI,MPV,P-LCR significantly increased in T4 in group APP (P <0.05 ).TEG-A,TEG-MA and Plt were significantly greater(P <0.05)in group APP than in group control at T2 ,and TEG-K,TEG-ELP and HBG were significantly less (P <0.05)in group APP than in group control at T3 . Conclusion The utilization of APP technique was associated with the improved coagulation function in aortic arch surgery with DHCA.

Objective To study the clinical significance of MR imagings features in the diagnosis on central neurocytoma ( CNC ) . Methods From January 2010 to December 2012,9 patients with CNC were analyzed and examined by MRI before surgery,then received postoperative pathology examination. Results CNC were in the left lateral ventricle of 9 patients, closely linked with the Monro hole, of which 4 cases were in the first 2/3 of central ventricle of the left lateral ventricle,3 cases in the septum pellucidum and growth to bilateral ventricles,2 cases of infiltrating in the septum pellucidum and base side adhesion. For CNC,MRI signal was not uniform,solid part T1WI showed equal or slightly low signal,multiple cysts and signal cord like structure with the ventricular wall and septum pellucidum adhesion. By contrast-enhanced CT scan,there were the solid part heterogeneous obvious enhancement in 4 cases,moderate and slight uneven enhancement in 3 cases and 2 cases respectively. Uniform size,round or oval cells were showed by HE staining,and the synaptophysin was positive in 6 ca-ses by immunohistochemical staining,positive expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in 3 cases. After operation,3 patients were lost to fol-low up,for 6 cases were followed up,survival of 2 cases in 3 years,4 cases in 2 years. Conclusion The results suggest that MRI display is located near the lateral ventricle central Monro hole before and lesions suggestive of CNC in young patients. For most CNC,synaptophysin has positive expression by immunohistochemical staining.

Background and purpose:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lymph node metastatic rate (LR) and response to radioiodine therapy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods:A total number of 143 PTC patients after radioiodine therapy were included and classified into 4 groups [Ⅰ(0%-10%),Ⅱ(>10%-25%),Ⅲ(>25%-50%),Ⅳ(>50%)] according to the lymph node metastatic rate, and the responses to initial radioiodine therapy after a median follow-up period of 20.7 months were evaluated. They were classiifed into 4 groups [excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), biochemical incomplete response (BIR), and struc-tural incomplete response (SIR)] according to the guideline proposed by 2015 American Thyroid Association. One-Way analysis of variance,χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the differences in basic clinicopathological features and clinical responses among the 4 groups. The ROC curve was analyzed to evaluate the clinical value of lymph node metastatic rate for predicting ER and optimal cut-off point.Results:There were no signiifcant differences in gender and T-stage among 4 groups (P>0.05). However,Ⅰ group was signiifcantly older than the other 3 groups (P=0.001). With the increase of lymph node metastatic rate, the number of ER cases decreased, while cases of BIR and SIR generally increased. Compared with the other 3 groups, less cases of ER (27.8%), while more BIR (27.8%) or SIR (11.1%) were observed in groupⅣ (H=18.816,P=0.000). Cut-off value of lymph node involved rate was 52.27%, with a better speciifcity of predicting ER. Area under the ROC curve was 0.668.Conclusion:The higher lymph node metastatic rate in patients with PTC, the worse clinical outcome it could be. A cut-off value of lymph node metastatic rate 52.27% is a speciifc independent predictor for the clinical outcome in PTC patients treated with radioiodine therapy.